<p>List of Contributors ix</p> <p>Preface xiii</p> <p><b>1 Introduction to Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 1</b><br /><i>Sheer Khanyisile Dhlamini, Jonathan Tersur Orasugh, Suprakash Sinha Ray, and Dipankar Chattopadhyay</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 The Concept of Piezoelectricity 4</p> <p>1.3 Comparison between Piezoelectric Materials 8</p> <p>1.4 Piezoelectric Material Types 10</p> <p>1.5 Connectivity of Composites Similar in Hybrid Systems 22</p> <p>1.6 Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 23</p> <p>1.7 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (PEHs) System 28</p> <p>1.8 Application of Hybrid Materials for Hybrid Energy-Harvesting Systems 32</p> <p>1.9 Present Development Challenges and Future Perspectives 37</p> <p>1.10 Conclusion 39</p> <p><b>2 KNN-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 51</b><br /><i>S. Wazed Ali, Swagata Banerjee, Chirantan Shee, and Mayuri Srivastava</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 51</p> <p>2.2 Lead-Free Ceramics 53</p> <p>2.3 Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN): A Piezoelectric Material 58</p> <p>2.4 Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN)-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 61</p> <p>2.5 Applications 67</p> <p>2.6 Conclusion 68</p> <p><b>3 MoS2-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 77</b><br /><i>Sahal Ebrahim and Deepalekshmi Ponnamma</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 77</p> <p>3.2 Different Methods of MoS2 Synthesis 81</p> <p>3.3 MoS2 Working Mechanism 83</p> <p>3.4 Investigating the Transition of MoS2 Structure from Bulk to Nanostructured Materials 85</p> <p>3.5 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting by MoS2 Composites 86</p> <p>3.6 Conclusions 98</p> <p><b>4 BaTiO3-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 103</b><br /><i>Chirantan Shee, Swagata Banerjee, S. Wazed Ali, and Ramasamy Alagirusamy</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 103</p> <p>4.2 Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of BaTiO3 Perovskite 106</p> <p>4.3 Synthesis of Barium Titanate 108</p> <p>4.4 Barium Titanate-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 110</p> <p>4.5 Applications 119</p> <p>4.6 Conclusion 122</p> <p><b>5 BNT-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 129</b><br /><i>Abhishek Sasmal, Shrabanee Sen, and Arunachalakasi Arockiarajan</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 129</p> <p>5.2 Key Limitations of BNT andWays to Overcome the Limitations 130</p> <p>5.3 Applicability of BNT-Based Materials for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting 131</p> <p>5.4 BNT/Piezoelectric Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 133</p> <p>5.5 BNT/Non-Piezoelectric Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 135</p> <p>5.6 BNT-Based Other Mechanical Energy Harvesters 139</p> <p>5.7 Challenges and Future Scopes 139</p> <p>5.8 Conclusion 140</p> <p><b>6 ZnSnO3-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 145</b><br /><i>Anupam Chowdhury, Srijan Das, Mukta Nitin Mirlekar, and S. Wazed Ali</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>6.2 Synthesis of Zinc Stannate 146</p> <p>6.3 Morphologies and Properties of Zinc Stannate 150</p> <p>6.4 Uses of Zinc Stannate and Hybrids in Piezoelectric Nanogenerators 150</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion 154</p> <p><b>7 ZnFe2O4-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 159</b><br /><i>Ipsita Chinya and Shrabanee Sen</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 159</p> <p>7.2 Current Scenario, Challenges in This Field and Scope of the Chapter 161</p> <p>7.3 Fabrication Strategy of the Nanocomposites 162</p> <p>7.4 The Controlling Factors of β-phase Formation in Composites and its Property 164</p> <p>7.5 ZF Nanorod (High Aspect Ratio) and Copolymer PVDF-HFP-Based Nanocomposite 185</p> <p>7.6 Applications Still Explored and Future Scope 186</p> <p>7.7 Conclusion 190</p> <p>7.8 Future Direction 190</p> <p><b>8 Conductive Filler-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 203</b><br /><i>Ankur Shukla and Priyanka Gupta</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 203</p> <p>8.2 Piezoelectricity: A Brief Overview 205</p> <p>8.3 Role of Conductive Fillers in Piezoelectric Materials 206</p> <p>8.4 Conductive Filler-Based Piezoelectric Materials 208</p> <p>8.5 Applications 216</p> <p>8.6 Summary 225</p> <p>8.7 Challenges 226</p> <p><b>9 Semiconductive Filler-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 241</b><br /><i>Swagata Banerjee, Aiswarya Baburaj, Akshaya Aliyana, Satyaranjan Bairagi, and Naveen Kumar Sindhughatta Kalaiah</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 241</p> <p>9.2 Piezoelectric Materials 242</p> <p>9.3 Semiconductor-Modified Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 243</p> <p>9.4 Semiconductive Filler-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 248</p> <p>9.5 Applications 254</p> <p>9.6 Conclusion 257</p> <p><b>10 Cellulose-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials 265</b><br /><i>Srijan Das, Mukta Nitin Mirlekar, Sourav Banerjee, Anupam Chowdhury, and S. Wazed Ali</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 265</p> <p>10.2 Origin of Piezoelectricity in Cellulose 267</p> <p>10.3 Different Crystal Structures and Forms of Cellulose 268</p> <p>10.4 Cellulose-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Devices Containing Cellulose as Matrix 270</p> <p>10.5 Cellulose-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Devices Containing Cellulose as Filler 273</p> <p>10.6 Conclusion 277</p> <p><b>11 Collagen-Based Hybrid Piezoelectric Material 283</b><br /><i>Adrija Ghosh, Suprakas Sinha Ray, Jonathan Tersur Orasugh, and Dipankar Chattopadhyay</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 283</p> <p>11.2 Origin of Piezoelectricity in Collagen 285</p> <p>11.3 Application of Collagen-based Hybrid Piezoelectric Systems 288</p> <p>11.4 Collagen-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator 288</p> <p>11.5 Collagen-based Supercapacitors 289</p> <p>11.6 Collagen-based Sensors 291</p> <p>11.7 Collagen-based Memory Devices 292</p> <p>11.8 Collagen-based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 294</p> <p>11.9 Conclusion and Future Prospects 295</p> <p><b>12 Chitin and Chitosan--Foremost Hybrid Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting Applications 301</b><br /><i>Sourav Banerjee, S. Wazed Ali, and Satya Narayan Naik</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 301</p> <p>12.2 Chitin and its Application as Piezoelectric Material 303</p> <p>12.3 Chitosan and its Applications as Piezoelectric Materials 306</p> <p>12.4 Problems 312</p> <p>12.5 Future Scope 313</p> <p>References 313</p> <p>Index 321</p>