<p>Preface xi</p> <p><b>1 Introduction of Polymer Nanocomposites 1<br /></b><i>Teng Li, Guanglong Ding, Su-Ting Han, and Ye Zhou</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 The Advantage of Nanocomposites 3</p> <p>1.3 Classification of Nanoscale Fillers 5</p> <p>1.3.1 One-Dimensional Nanofillers 5</p> <p>1.3.2 Two-Dimensional Nanofillers 6</p> <p>1.3.3 Three-Dimensional Nanofillers 6</p> <p>1.4 The Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites 6</p> <p>1.5 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites 7</p> <p>1.5.1 Ultrasonication-assisted Solution Mixing 8</p> <p>1.5.2 Shear Mixing 9</p> <p>1.5.3 Three Roll Milling 9</p> <p>1.5.4 Ball Milling 10</p> <p>1.5.5 Double-screw Extrusion 10</p> <p>1.5.6 In Situ Synthesis 10</p> <p>1.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook 11</p> <p>References 11</p> <p><b>2 Fabrication of Conductive Polymer Composites and Their Applications in Sensors 21<br /></b><i>Jiefeng Gao</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 21</p> <p>2.2 Fabrication Methods for CPCs 22</p> <p>2.2.1 Melt Blending 23</p> <p>2.2.2 Solution Blending 25</p> <p>2.2.3 In Situ Polymerization 27</p> <p>2.3 Morphologies 27</p> <p>2.3.1 Random Dispersion of Nanofiller in the Polymer Matrix 27</p> <p>2.3.2 Selective Distribution of Nanofillers on the Interface 29</p> <p>2.3.2.1 Segregated Structure 29</p> <p>2.3.2.2 Surface Coating 31</p> <p>2.4 Application in Sensors 32</p> <p>2.4.1 Strain Sensor 33</p> <p>2.4.2 Piezoresistive Sensor 33</p> <p>2.4.3 Gas Sensor 35</p> <p>2.4.4 Temperature Sensor 38</p> <p>2.5 Conclusion 40</p> <p>References 41</p> <p><b>3 Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites for Electronics 53<br /></b><i>Wei Wu</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 53</p> <p>3.2 Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites in Electronics 55</p> <p>3.2.1 Polylactide 55</p> <p>3.2.2 PCL 58</p> <p>3.2.3 PVA 59</p> <p>3.2.4 PVP 61</p> <p>3.2.5 Cellulose 62</p> <p>3.2.6 Chitosan 64</p> <p>3.2.7 Silk 65</p> <p>3.3 Challenges and Prospects 66</p> <p>List of Abbreviations 67</p> <p>References 67</p> <p><b>4 Polymer Nanocomposites for Photodetectors 77</b><br /><i>Raj Wali Khan, Zheng Wen, and Zhenhua Sun</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 77</p> <p>4.2 Photodetector Brief 79</p> <p>4.2.1 Photodiode 80</p> <p>4.2.2 Photoconductor 80</p> <p>4.3 Photodetectors Based on Novel Semiconductors 82</p> <p>4.4 Photodetectors Based on Polymer Nanocomposites 87</p> <p>4.4.1 Polymer–Polymer Nanocomposite 88</p> <p>4.4.2 Polymer–Small Molecular Organic Nanocomposite 98</p> <p>4.4.2.1 MEH-PPV–Small Molecular Organic Nanocomposite 98</p> <p>4.4.2.2 P3HT-Small Molecular Organic Nanocomposite 99</p> <p>4.4.3 Polymer–Polymer–Small Molecular Organic Nanocomposite 107</p> <p>4.4.4 Polymer–Small Molecular Organic–Small Molecular Organic Nanocomposite 110</p> <p>4.4.5 Polymer–Inorganic Nanocrystals Nanocomposite 112</p> <p>4.4.5.1 MEH-PPV–Inorganic Nanocrystals Nanocomposite 112</p> <p>4.4.5.2 P3HT–Inorganic Nanocrystals Nanocomposite 115</p> <p>4.4.6 Polymer–Small Molecular Organic–Inorganic Nanocrystals Nanocomposite 120</p> <p>4.5 Outlook 123</p> <p>List of Abbreviations 123</p> <p>References 124</p> <p><b>5 Polymer Nanocomposites for Pressure Sensors 131<br /></b><i>Qi-Jun Sun and Xin-Hua Zhao</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 131</p> <p>5.2 Parameters for Pressure Sensors 132</p> <p>5.2.1 Pressure Sensitivity 132</p> <p>5.2.2 Linear Sensing Range 134</p> <p>5.2.3 LOD and Response Speed 134</p> <p>5.2.4 Reliability 134</p> <p>5.3 Working Principles and Examples of Polymer Nanocomposite Based Pressure Sensors 135</p> <p>5.3.1 Capacitive Pressure Sensors 135</p> <p>5.3.2 Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors 137</p> <p>5.3.3 Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Tactile Sensors Based on Polymer Nanocomposites 143</p> <p>5.4 Applications of the Polymer Nanocomposite Based Pressure Sensors 148</p> <p>5.4.1 Human Wrist Pulse Detection 148</p> <p>5.4.2 Subtle Human Motion Detection 149</p> <p>5.4.3 Texture Roughness Detection 151</p> <p>5.4.4 E-skin Application 152</p> <p>5.5 Performance of Pressure Sensors with the Polymer Nanocomposites Reported Over the Past Decade 153</p> <p>5.6 Conclusion 154</p> <p>References 154</p> <p><b>6 The Application of Polymer Nanocomposites in Energy Storage Devices 157<br /></b><i>Ningyuan Nie, Mengmeng Hu, Jie Liu, Jiangqi Wang, Panpan Wang, Hua Wang, Zhenyuan Ji, Zhe Chen, and Yan Huang</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 157</p> <p>6.2 Electrodes 158</p> <p>6.2.1 For Battery 158</p> <p>6.2.1.1 Polymer–Graphene/Carbon Nanotube 158</p> <p>6.2.1.2 Polymer Inorganic 161</p> <p>6.2.1.3 Polymer–Organic Salt Graphene 163</p> <p>6.2.2 For Supercapacitor 164</p> <p>6.2.2.1 Polymer–Metal Oxide 165</p> <p>6.2.2.2 Polymer–Graphene/Carbon Nanotube 165</p> <p>6.2.2.3 Polymer–Metal Oxide–Graphene/Carbon Nanotubes 169</p> <p>6.3 Electrolytes 171</p> <p>6.3.1 For Battery 171</p> <p>6.3.2 For Supercapacitor 172</p> <p>6.4 Separator 174</p> <p>6.4.1 For Battery 174</p> <p>6.4.2 For Supercapacitors 175</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion 176</p> <p>References 177</p> <p><b>7 Functional Polymer Nanocomposite for Triboelectric Nanogenerators 189<br /></b><i>Xingyi Dai, Jiancheng Han, Qiuqun Zheng, Cheng-Han Zhao, and Long-Biao Huang</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 189</p> <p>7.2 Triboelectric Nanogenerators 190</p> <p>7.3 Functional Polymer Nanocomposite 194</p> <p>7.4 Self-healing Triboelectric Nanogenerators 197</p> <p>7.5 Shape Memory Triboelectric Nanogenerators 201</p> <p>7.6 Biodegradable Triboelectric Nanogenerators 204</p> <p>7.7 Conclusion 208</p> <p>References 208</p> <p><b>8 Polymer Nanocomposites for Resistive Switching Memory 211<br /></b><i>Qazi Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Umair Khan, and Jinho Bae</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 211</p> <p>8.2 Resistive Switching Memory for Polymer Nanocomposite 213</p> <p>8.2.1 Resistive Switching 213</p> <p>8.2.2 Resistive Switching Memory Operating Mechanism 214</p> <p>8.2.2.1 Formation and Rupture of Conductive Filaments 214</p> <p>8.2.2.2 Cations and Anions Migration 216</p> <p>8.2.2.3 Electrons Trapping and De-tapping 216</p> <p>8.2.2.4 Other Conduction Mechanisms 216</p> <p>8.2.3 Fabrication Techniques 217</p> <p>8.2.4 Polymer Nanocomposite Materials 218</p> <p>8.3 Polymer Nanocomposite Based RSM Devices 218</p> <p>8.3.1 Oxide Based Polymer Nanocomposite RSM 218</p> <p>8.3.2 Metal Based Nanoparticles for Polymer Nanocomposite RSM 222</p> <p>8.3.3 Graphene Based Polymer Nanocomposite RSM 224</p> <p>8.3.4 Quantum Dot Based Polymer Nanocomposite RSM 227</p> <p>8.3.5 Polymer Based Nanocomposites for RSM 229</p> <p>8.3.6 2D Material Based Polymer Nanocomposites RSM 231</p> <p>8.3.7 Other Materials Used for Polymer Nanocomposite Based RSM 232</p> <p>8.4 Concluding Remarks 233</p> <p>Acknowledgments 234</p> <p>References 234</p> <p>8.A Performance Comparison According to Device Material and Structure 243</p> <p><b>9 Polymer Nanocomposites for Temperature Sensing and Self-regulating Heating Devices 247<br /></b><i>Yi Liu, Han Zhang, and Emiliano Bilotti</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 247</p> <p>9.2 Conducting Mechanism and Percolation Theory 248</p> <p>9.3 PTC Theory 249</p> <p>9.4 Main Factors Influencing the PTC Effect 250</p> <p>9.4.1 Effect of Filler Size and Shape 250</p> <p>9.4.2 Effect of Filler Dispersion and Distribution 253</p> <p>9.4.3 Effect of Mixed Filler 254</p> <p>9.4.4 Effect of Polymer Thermal Expansion and Crystallinity 255</p> <p>9.4.5 Effect of Polymer Transition Temperature 257</p> <p>9.4.6 Effect of Polymer Blend 257</p> <p>9.5 Temperature Sensors 259</p> <p>9.6 Self-regulating Heating Devices 259</p> <p>9.7 Conclusions 262</p> <p>References 263</p> <p><b>10 Polymer Nanocomposites for EMI Shielding Application 267<br /></b><i>Ajitha A. Ramachandran and Sabu Thomas</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 267</p> <p>10.2 Mechanism of EMI Shielding of Polymer Composites 268</p> <p>10.2.1 Materials for EMI Shielding 269</p> <p>10.3 Polymer Nanocomposites for EMI Shielding Application 270</p> <p>10.3.1 Nanofiller Incorporated Conducting Polymer Composites 270</p> <p>10.3.2 Polymer Blend Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding 271</p> <p>10.3.3 Conducting Polymers for EMI Shielding Application 272</p> <p>10.4 Characterization Techniques Used for the Electrical Studies of Polymer Composites 274</p> <p>10.4.1 Conductivity Studies of Polymer Composites 274</p> <p>10.4.2 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding Studies 276</p> <p>10.5 Conclusion 278</p> <p>References 279</p> <p>Index 285</p>