Details

<p>Preface to the 2nd Edition ix</p> <p>Acknowledgements xi</p> <p>Learning objectives checklist xiii</p> <p>About the companion website xv</p> <p><b>Part I </b><b>Introduction to X-rays 1</b></p> <p><b>1 </b><b>Introduction to X-rays 3</b></p> <p>What are X-rays? 3</p> <p>How are X-rays produced? 3</p> <p>How do X-rays make an image? 4</p> <p>The five densities on an X-ray 4</p> <p>How are X-ray images (radiographs) stored? 4</p> <p>Hazards and precautions 5</p> <p><b>2 </b><b>Chest X-ray views 7</b></p> <p>PA erect chest X-ray 7</p> <p>Other views 8</p> <p><b>3 </b><b>Radiograph quality 9</b></p> <p>Inclusion 9</p> <p>Rotation 10</p> <p>Inspiration 11</p> <p><b>4 </b><b>Normal anatomy on a PA chest X-ray 13</b></p> <p>Right and left 13</p> <p>Lung zones 14</p> <p>The mediastinum 14</p> <p>Normal pulmonary vasculature 15</p> <p>General anatomy 16</p> <p>Bronchial and lobar anatomy: Figure 4.8 17</p> <p><b>5</b> <b>Presenting a chest radiograph 19</b></p> <p>Example of presenting a normal chest X-ray 19</p> <p><b>Part II </b><b>The ABCDE of chest X-rays 21</b></p> <p><b>6 </b><b>A - Airway 23</b></p> <p>How to review the airway 23</p> <p>What to look for 24</p> <p>Tracheal deviation 24</p> <p>Carinal angle 25</p> <p><b>7 </b><b>B – Breathing 27</b></p> <p>How to review the lungs 27</p> <p>What to look for 28</p> <p>Consolidation/airspace opacification 29</p> <p>Air bronchogram 31</p> <p>Collapse (atelectasis) overview 32</p> <p>Pneumonectomy 41</p> <p>Solitary mass lesion 44</p> <p>Multiple mass lesions 47</p> <p>Cavitating lung lesion 48</p> <p>Fibrosis 50</p> <p>Pneumothorax 53</p> <p>Tension pneumothorax 55</p> <p>Hydropneumothorax 56</p> <p>Pleural effusion 57</p> <p>Pulmonary oedema 60</p> <p>Septal lines 64</p> <p>Asbestos-related lung disease 65</p> <p><b>8 </b><b>C – Circulation 69</b></p> <p>How to review the heart and mediastinum 69</p> <p>What to look for 69</p> <p>Dextrocardia 69</p> <p>Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) 70</p> <p>Left atrial enlargement 71</p> <p>Widened mediastinum 72</p> <p>Hilar enlargement 76</p> <p>Hiatus hernia 78</p> <p><b>9 </b><b>D – Disability 79</b></p> <p>How to review the bones 79</p> <p>What to look for 80</p> <p>Fractures 80</p> <p>Sclerotic and lucent bone lesions 81</p> <p><b>10 </b><b>E – Everything else (review areas) 83</b></p> <p>How to look at the review areas 83</p> <p>What to look for 83</p> <p>Gas under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum) 84</p> <p>Subcutaneous emphysema/surgical emphysema 86</p> <p>Mastectomy 87</p> <p>Medical and surgical objects (iatrogenic) 88</p> <p>Foreign bodies 99</p> <p><b>Part III </b><b>Common conditions and their radiological signs 101</b></p> <p><b>11 </b><b>Common conditions and their radiological signs 103</b></p> <p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) 103</p> <p>Primary lung malignancy 103</p> <p>Pneumonia 104</p> <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 104</p> <p>Heart failure 105</p> <p>Tuberculosis 106</p> <p>Glossary 111</p> <p>Index 119</p>

<p><b>CHRISTOPHER CLARKE,</b> Consultant Radiologist at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. He is a member of the British and European Societies of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology. <p><b>ANTHONY DUX,</b> Former Consultant Radiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.

<p><b>CHEST X-RAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS</b> <p><i>Chest X-rays for Medical Students</i> offers a fresh analytical approach to identifying chest abnormalities, helping medical students, junior doctors, and nurses understand the underlying physics and basic anatomical and pathological details of X-ray images of the chest. The authors provide a memorable framework for analysing and presenting chest radiographs, with each radiograph appearing twice in a side-by-side comparison, one as seen in a clinical setting and the second highlighting the pathology. <p>This new second edition includes significant revisions, improved annotations of X-rays, expanded pathologies, and numerous additional high-quality images. A comprehensive one-stop guide to learning chest radiograph interpretation, this book: <ul> <li>Aligns with the latest Royal College of Radiologists' Undergraduate Radiology Curriculum</li> <li>Offers guidance on how to formulate normal findings</li> <li>Features self-assessment tests</li> <li>Includes sections on radiograph quality X-ray hazards and precautions</li> </ul> <p><i>Chest X-rays for Medical Students</i> is an ideal study guide and clinical reference for any medical student, junior doctor, nurse or radiographer.

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