<p><b>1 Change Thinking toward Nanoarchitectonics 1<br /></b><i>Katsuhiko Ariga andMasakazu Aono</i></p> <p>1.1 From Nanotechnology to Nanoarchitectonics 1</p> <p>1.2 Way of Nanoarchitectonics 2</p> <p>1.3 Materials Nanoarchitectonics 3</p> <p>References 4</p> <p><b>Part I Zero- and One-Dimensional Nanoarchitectonics 7</b></p> <p><b>2 Architectonics in Nanoparticles 9<br /></b><i>Qingmin Ji, Xinbang Liu, and Ke Yin</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 9</p> <p>2.2 Soft Nanoparticles 10</p> <p>2.2.1 Smart Polymer Nanoparticles 10</p> <p>2.2.1.1 Multi-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Biological Therapy 10</p> <p>2.2.1.2 Optoelectrical Polymer Nanoparticles 12</p> <p>2.2.2 Nanoparticles from Biomimetic Assembly 13</p> <p>2.3 Hierarchical Architecturing of Solid Nanoparticles 15</p> <p>2.3.1 Porous Nanoparticles 15</p> <p>2.3.2 Layered Nanoparticles 19</p> <p>2.4 Janus (Asymmetric) Nanoparticles 21</p> <p>2.5 Functional Architectures on the Surface of Nanoparticles 23</p> <p>2.6 Summary 24</p> <p>References 25</p> <p><b>3 Aspects of One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications 33<br /></b><i>Amit Dalui, Ali Hossain Khan, Bapi Pradhan, Srabanti Ghosh, and Somobrata Acharya</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 33</p> <p>3.2 Synthesis of NCs 35</p> <p>3.2.1 Organometallic Synthesis Method 37</p> <p>3.2.2 Single-Source Molecular Precursor Methods 37</p> <p>3.2.3 Solvothermal/HydrothermalMethods 39</p> <p>3.2.4 Template-Assisted Growth Methods 39</p> <p>3.3 Growth Mechanisms of 1D Nanocrystals 40</p> <p>3.3.1 Solution–Liquid–Solid (SLS) Growth Approach 40</p> <p>3.3.2 Oriented Attachment Growth Mechanism 40</p> <p>3.3.3 Kinetically Induced Anisotropic Growth 42</p> <p>3.3.3.1 Surface Energy and Selective Ligand Adhesion 42</p> <p>3.3.3.2 Influence of the Phase of the Crystalline Seed Materials 43</p> <p>3.3.3.3 Interplay betweenThermodynamic or Kinetic Growth Regimes 43</p> <p>3.4 Post-SyntheticModification 44</p> <p>3.4.1 Post-Synthetic Surface Modification 44</p> <p>3.4.2 Post-Synthetic Chemical Transformation of NCs 47</p> <p>3.5 Essential Characterization Techniques 48</p> <p>3.6 Promising Applications of 1D NCs 50</p> <p>3.6.1 Optical Polarization 50</p> <p>3.6.2 Field-Effect Transistors 54</p> <p>3.6.3 Photovoltaic Applications 57</p> <p>3.6.4 Photodetection and Sensing 60</p> <p>3.6.5 Catalysis 62</p> <p>3.7 Summary and Conclusions 65</p> <p>References 66</p> <p><b>4 Tubular Nanocontainers for Drug Delivery 85<br /></b><i>Yusuf Darrat, Ekaterina Naumenko, Giuseppe Cavallaro, Giuseppe Lazzara, Yuri Lvov, and Rawil</i> <i>Fakhrullin</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 85</p> <p>4.2 Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery 86</p> <p>4.2.1 Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes 86</p> <p>4.2.2 Functionalization of CNTs for Drug Delivery 87</p> <p>4.2.3 Uptake of Carbon Nanotubes 87</p> <p>4.2.4 Hybrid Materials 88</p> <p>4.2.5 Vaccine Treatment 89</p> <p>4.2.6 Cancer Treatment 90</p> <p>4.2.7 Gene Therapy 90</p> <p>4.2.8 Toxicity 90</p> <p>4.3 Halloysite-Nanotube-Based Carriers for Drug Delivery 91</p> <p>4.3.1 Halloysite Nanotubes: A Biocompatible Clay with Drug Delivery Capacity 91</p> <p>4.3.2 Modified Halloysite Nanotubes with a Time-Extended Effect on the Drug Release 91</p> <p>4.3.3 Covalently Functionalized Halloysite Nanotubes as Drug Delivery Systems Sensitive to Specific External Stimuli 93</p> <p>4.3.4 Hybrids Based on Halloysite Nanotubes as Dual Drug Delivery Systems 94</p> <p>4.4 Tubular Nanosized Drug Carriers: Uptake Mechanisms 95</p> <p>4.5 Conclusions 100</p> <p>References 102</p> <p><b>Part II Two-Dimensional Nanoarchitectonics 109</b></p> <p><b>5 Graphene Nanotechnology 111<br /></b><i>Katsunori Wakabayashi</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 111</p> <p>5.2 Electronic States of Graphene 112</p> <p>5.3 Graphene Nanoribbons and Edge States 112</p> <p>5.4 Spintronic Properties of Graphene 115</p> <p>5.4.1 Electric Field Induced Half-Metallicity 117</p> <p>5.5 Summary 119</p> <p>References 120</p> <p><b>6 Nanoarchitectonics of Multilayer Shells toward Biomedical Application 125<br /></b><i>Wei Cui and Junbai Li</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 125</p> <p>6.2 Hollow-Structured Multilayers 126</p> <p>6.3 Multilayer Shells on Template 130</p> <p>6.4 Summary and Outlook 135</p> <p>Acknowledgments 135</p> <p>References 136</p> <p><b>7 Layered Nanoarchitectonics with Layer-by-Layer Assembly Strategy for Biomedical Applications 141<br /></b><i>Wei Qi and Jing Yan</i></p> <p>7.1 Layer-by-Layer Assembly Technique 142</p> <p>7.1.1 Basics of LbL 142</p> <p>7.1.2 Dipping Coating 142</p> <p>7.1.3 Spin Coating 143</p> <p>7.1.4 Spray Coating 144</p> <p>7.2 LbL-Assembled Layer Architectures with Tunable Properties 144</p> <p>7.3 The Application of the LbL-Assembled Layer Architectures in Biomedicine 146</p> <p>7.3.1 Biosensing 146</p> <p>7.3.2 Drug Delivery 148</p> <p>7.3.3 Cellular and Tissue Engineering 148</p> <p>7.4 Summary and Outlook 149</p> <p>Acknowledgment 150</p> <p>References 150</p> <p><b>8 Emerging 2D Materials 155<br /></b><i>Ken Sakaushi</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 155</p> <p>8.2 Revisiting Uniqueness of Graphene as the Archetype of 2D Materials Systems 155</p> <p>8.3 Emerging 2D Materials 158</p> <p>8.4 Remarks 162</p> <p>Acknowledgment 162</p> <p>References 162</p> <p><b>Part III Three-Dimensional and Hierarchic Nanoarchitectonics 165</b></p> <p><b>9 Self-Assembly and Directed Assembly 167<br /></b><i>Hejin Jiang, Yutao Sang, Li Zhang, andMinghua Liu</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 167</p> <p>9.2 Amphiphile Self-Assembly 169</p> <p>9.3 π-Conjugated Molecule Self-Assembly 170</p> <p>9.4 Peptide Self-Assembly 172</p> <p>9.5 Self-Assembly of Block Polymers 173</p> <p>9.5.1 Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of BCPs 173</p> <p>9.5.2 Magnetic Fields Directing the Alignment of BCPs 175</p> <p>9.6 DNA-Directed Self-Assembly 176</p> <p>9.7 Directed Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles 179</p> <p>9.8 LB-Technique-Directed Alignment of Nanostructures 181</p> <p>9.9 Conclusions 182</p> <p>References 183</p> <p><b>10 Functional Porous Materials 187<br /></b><i>Watcharop Chaikittisilp</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 187</p> <p>10.2 Classification of Porous Materials 188</p> <p>10.3 Functional Frameworks: from Inorganic, through Organic, to Inorganic–Organic 190</p> <p>10.4 Summary and Outlook 195</p> <p>References 196</p> <p><b>11 Integrated Composites and Hybrids 199<br /></b><i>Shenmin Zhu, Hui Pan, and Mengdan Xia</i></p> <p>11.1 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 0D and 2D Nanomaterials 199</p> <p>11.2 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 1D and 2D Nanomaterials 201</p> <p>11.3 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures Assembled from 2D and 2D Nanomaterials 203</p> <p>11.4 Other Approaches to 3D Hybrid Nanoarchitectures 205</p> <p>11.5 Conclusion 207</p> <p>References 208</p> <p><b>12 Shape-MemoryMaterials 209<br /></b><i>Koichiro Uto</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 209</p> <p>12.2 Fundamentals of Shape-Memory Effect in Polymers 211</p> <p>12.3 Categorization of Shape-Memory Polymers on the Basis of Nanoarchitectonics 212</p> <p>12.4 Shape-Memory Polymers with Different Architectures 213</p> <p>12.5 New Directions in the Field of Shape-Memory Polymers 216</p> <p>12.6 Conclusions 217</p> <p>References 219</p> <p><b>Part IV Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Application 1: Physical and Chemical 221</b></p> <p><b>13 Optically Active Organic Field-Effect Transistors 223<br /></b><i>YutakaWakayama</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 223</p> <p>13.2 Phototransistors 224</p> <p>13.2.1 Single-Crystal-Based and Nanowire-Based Phototransistors 224</p> <p>13.2.2 Thin-Film-Based Phototransistors 226</p> <p>13.3 Photochromism in OFETs 227</p> <p>13.3.1 Interface Engineering 228</p> <p>13.3.2 Doping in Channel/Dielectric Layers 229</p> <p>13.3.3 PhotochromicThin Film as Transistor Channel 230</p> <p>13.3.4 Laser Patterning of Electric Circuits 232</p> <p>13.4 Summary and Perspectives 235</p> <p>References 236</p> <p><b>14 Efficient Absorption of Sunlight Using Resonant Nanoparticles for Solar Heat Applications 241<br /></b><i>Satoshi Ishii, Kai Chen, Ramu P. Sugavaneshwar, Hideo Okuyama, Thang D. Dao, Satish L.</i> <i>Shinde,Manpreet Kaur,Masahiro Kitajima, and Tadaaki Nagao</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 241</p> <p>14.2 Electromagnetic Analysis for Finding the Resonance Conditions of Nanoparticles 243</p> <p>14.3 Plasmon Resonance Nanoparticles for Sunlight Absorption 243</p> <p>14.3.1 Analytical Calculations 243</p> <p>14.3.2 Experiments 245</p> <p>14.4 Mie Resonance Nanoparticles for Sunlight Absorption 246</p> <p>14.4.1 Analytical Calculations 246</p> <p>14.4.2 Experiments 247</p> <p>14.5 Applications of Resonant Nanoparticles 249</p> <p>14.6 Summary 250</p> <p>Acknowledgments 251</p> <p>References 251</p> <p><b>15 Nanoarchitectonics Approach for Sensing 255<br /></b><i>Katsuhiko Ariga</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 255</p> <p>15.2 Layered Mesoporous Carbon Sensor 256</p> <p>15.3 Layered Graphene Sensor 257</p> <p>15.4 Hierarchic Carbon Capsule Sensor 258</p> <p>15.5 Cage-in-Fiber Sensor 260</p> <p>15.6 Summary 262</p> <p>References 262</p> <p><b>16 Self-Healing 265<br /></b><i>Takeshi Sato andMitsuhiro Ebara</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 265</p> <p>16.2 History of Self-Healing Materials 266</p> <p>16.3 Dynamic Cross-links to Construct a Self-Healing Hydrogel Network 267</p> <p>16.3.1 Host–Guest Interactions 267</p> <p>16.3.2 Electrostatic Interactions 268</p> <p>16.3.3 Metal–Ligand Interactions 268</p> <p>16.4 Further Applications of Self-Healing Materials 269</p> <p>16.4.1 Medical Applications 269</p> <p>16.4.2 Application for Engineering 271</p> <p>16.5 Conclusion 273</p> <p>References 273</p> <p>Part V Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Application 2:</p> <p>Biological and Biomedical 277</p> <p><b>17 Materials Nanoarchitectonics: Drug Delivery System 279<br /></b><i>Yohei Kotsuchibashi</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 279</p> <p>17.1.1 Diagnosis from Tissues to the Organelles Using Nanomaterials 279</p> <p>17.1.2 Current Thermoresponsive Drug Carriers 281</p> <p>17.1.3 Smart Nanocarriers for Benzoxaborole-Based Drugs 284</p> <p>17.2 Conclusion and Future Trends 287</p> <p>References 287</p> <p><b>18 Mechanobiology 291<br /></b><i>Jun Nakanishi</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 291</p> <p>18.2 Micropatterning Cellular Shape and Cluster Geometry 292</p> <p>18.3 Dynamic Micropatterning Single Cells and Cell Collectives 294</p> <p>18.4 Nanopatterning Cell–Extracellular Matrix Interactions 297</p> <p>18.5 Concluding Remarks 299</p> <p>References 300</p> <p><b>19 Diagnostics 303<br /></b><i>Mitsuhiro Ebara</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 303</p> <p>19.2 Immunoassays 304</p> <p>19.3 Nucleic Acid Tests 306</p> <p>19.4 Stimuli-Responsive Biomarker Separations 306</p> <p>19.5 Stimuli-Responsive Diagnostics in the DevelopingWorld 308</p> <p>19.6 Conclusions 309</p> <p>References 310</p> <p><b>20 Immunoengineering 313<br /></b><i>Yasuhiro Nakagawa andMitsuhiro Ebara</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 313</p> <p>20.2 Immunoevasive Biomaterials 314</p> <p>20.3 Immune-Activating Biomaterials 318</p> <p>20.4 Immunosuppressive Biomaterials 321</p> <p>20.5 Conclusions 324</p> <p>References 324</p> <p>Index 327</p>