Details

<p>List of Contributors xiii</p> <p>Preface ix</p> <p><b>1 AkzoNobel: Biobased Raw Materials 1<br /> </b><i>Alistair Reid,Martijn van Loon, Sara Tollin, and Peter Nieuwenhuizen</i></p> <p>1.1 AkzoNobel’s Biobased Raw Materials Strategy in Context 1</p> <p>1.2 AkzoNobel in the Value Chain 3</p> <p>1.3 Drivers Behind Development of the Biobased Raw Material Strategy 4</p> <p>1.4 Conclusions of the Biobased Chemicals Strategy 10</p> <p>1.5 Implementing the Strategy: Striking Partnerships 13</p> <p>1.6 Experience to Date 14</p> <p>1.7 Measuring, Reporting, and Ensuring Sustainable Sourcing of Biomass 17</p> <p>1.8 Book and Claim 18</p> <p>1.9 Sustainability in the Value Chain: LCA 19</p> <p><b>2 Arizona Chemical: Refining and Upgrading of Bio-Based and Renewable Feedstocks 21<br /> </b><i>Godfried J. H. Buisman and Jos H. M. Lange</i></p> <p>2.1 Company Introduction 22</p> <p>2.2 History of Pine Chemicals 22</p> <p>2.3 Modern Biorefining 28</p> <p>2.4 The Kraft Pulping Process 34</p> <p>2.5 Cradle-To-Gate 44</p> <p>2.6 Outlook 46</p> <p>2.7 Case Study: Tackifiers From Renewable Pine-Based Crude Tall Oil and Crude Sulfate Turpentine for Adhesive Applications 49</p> <p>Acknowledgments 57</p> <p>References 57</p> <p><b>3 Arkema: Castor Reactive Seed Crushing Process to Promote Castor Cultivation 63<br /> </b><i>Jean-Luc Dubois</i></p> <p>3.1 Arkema: Context for Biorenewables 64</p> <p>3.2 Introduction to Castor Oil 65</p> <p>3.3 Experimental Details 72</p> <p>3.4 Results 77</p> <p>3.5 Discussion 85</p> <p>3.6 Conclusion 92</p> <p>Acknowledgments 93</p> <p>References 94</p> <p><b>4 Avantium Chemicals: The High Potential for the levulinic product tree 97<br /> </b><i>Jan C. van der Waal and Ed de Jong</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 97</p> <p>4.2 Levulinic Production Routes 101</p> <p>4.3 The Levulinic Acid Product Family Tree 107</p> <p>4.4 Conclusions and Outlook 116</p> <p>References 117</p> <p><b>5 C5LT: Biorenewables at C5 Ligno Technologies AB 121<br /> </b><i>Kaisa Karhumaa and Violeta Sànchez i Nogué</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 121</p> <p>5.2 Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production: Process 123</p> <p>5.3 C5LT Gene Package Technology 129</p> <p>5.4 Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates: Remaining Challenges 136</p> <p>5.5 Conclusions 137</p> <p>Acknowledgments 138</p> <p>References 138</p> <p><b>6 Cepsa: Towards The Integration of Vegetable Oils and Lignocellulosic Biomass into Conventional Petroleum Refinery Processing Units 141<br /> </b><i>Maria Fé Elía, Olalla de la Torre, Rafael Larraz, and Juana Frontela</i></p> <p>6.1 About Cepsa 142</p> <p>6.2 Vegetable Oils 149</p> <p>6.3 Lignocellulosic Biomass 167</p> <p>6.4 Concluding Remarks 172</p> <p>References 173</p> <p><b>7 DuPont: Biorenewables at E.I. DU Pont DE Nemours & Co 175<br /> </b><i>Michael A. Saltzberg, Armando M. Byrne, Ethel N. Jackson, Edward S. Miller Jr., Mark J. Nelson, Bjorn D. Tyreus, and Quinn Zhu</i></p> <p>7.1 DuPont History and Strategic Priorities 176</p> <p>7.2 DuPont’s Innovation Philosophy 178</p> <p>7.3 DuPont’s Industrial Biorenewable Portfolio 2013 180</p> <p>7.4 Case History #1: Bio-PDO and Sorona 182</p> <p>7.5 Case History #2: Development of Yeast-based Omega-3s for Verlasso Harmoniously Raised Salmon 194</p> <p>7.6 Future Directions for Dupont in Industrial Biorenewables 210</p> <p>7.7 Summary 213</p> <p>References 213</p> <p><b>8 Evonik: Bioeconomy and Biobased Products 219<br /> </b><i>Henrike Gebhardt, Peter Nagler, Stefan Buchholz, Stefan Cornelissen, Edda Schulze, and Achim Marx</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 220</p> <p>8.2 Biobased and Bioprocessed Products (1) 225</p> <p>8.3 Products Produced from Biobased Feedstock by Conventional Catalysis (2) 234</p> <p>8.4 Biodegradable Products (3) 239</p> <p>8.5 Enabling Chemicals (4) 239</p> <p>References 241</p> <p><b>9 Market Structure and Growth Rates of Industrial Biorenewables 245<br /> </b><i>Gunter Festel</i></p> <p>9.1 Background for Industrial Biorenewables and Data Sources 245</p> <p>9.2 Market Overview and Growth Rates 247</p> <p>9.3 Examples for Biotechnology-Based Products Related to Biorenewables 252</p> <p>References 254</p> <p><b>10 Göteborg Energi: Vehicle Fuel From Organic Waste 255<br /> </b><i>Eric Zinn and Henrik Thunman</i></p> <p>10.1 The Company 256</p> <p>10.2 Sweden’s Renewable Energy Targets and the Role that Biogas Will Play in Meeting these 256</p> <p>10.3 Biogas in Transportation: Case Studies Within Göteborg Energi 257</p> <p>10.4 The Role of Gasification Technology in the Future as the Demand for Biomass-based Energy and Fuel Grows 264</p> <p><b>11 Greasoline: Biofuels From Non-food Materials and Residues 267<br /> </b><i>Georg Dahmen, Peter Haug, Gunter Festel, Axel Kraft, Volker Heil, Andreas Menne, and Christoph Unger</i></p> <p>11.1 Fuels and Chemicals: Necessity of Renewables 268</p> <p>11.2 Evolving Markets for Greasoline^® Technology 269</p> <p>11.3 Technology Overview Greasoline^® 270</p> <p>11.4 Description of Business Model 271</p> <p>11.5 Diesel from Different Raw Materials 274</p> <p>References 280</p> <p><b>12 Green Applied Solutions: Customized Waste Valorization Solutions for a Sustainable Future 283<br /> </b><i>Chunping Xu and Rafael Luque</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 283</p> <p>12.2 The Company 285</p> <p>12.3 Projects and Future 287</p> <p>12.4 Conclusions and Prospects 292</p> <p>Acknowledgments 293</p> <p>References 293</p> <p><b>13 Grove Advanced Chemicals: Flox^® Coagulants – Environmentally Friendly Water and Wastewater Treatment Using Biodegradable Polymers From Renewable Forests 295<br /> </b><i>Bárbara van Asch, Paulo Martins, Filipe Santos, Elisabete Sepúlveda, Pedro Carvalho, Richard Solal, Carlos Abreu, Rui Santos, Jorge Vasconcelos, Philippe Geyr, and Henrique Villas-Boas</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 296</p> <p>13.2 Company Overview 297</p> <p>13.3 Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment 298</p> <p>13.4 Flox^® Coagulants 298</p> <p>13.5 Company and Product Certifications 302</p> <p>13.6 Case Studies 303</p> <p>13.7 Future Perspectives 320</p> <p>References 321</p> <p><b>14 Heliae Development, LLC: An Industrial Approach to Mixotrophy in Microalgae 323<br /> </b><i>Eneko Ganuza, Anna Lee Tonkovich, and Bárbara van Asch</i></p> <p>14.1 Preamble 323</p> <p>14.2 Introduction to Heliae Development LLC 324</p> <p>14.3 Mixotrophy 325</p> <p>14.4 Implementation of Industrial Mixotrophy: A Case Study 332</p> <p>Acknowledgments 339</p> <p>References 339</p> <p><b>15 InFiQuS: Making the Best of Leftovers 341<br /> </b><i>Inmaculada Aranaz, Niuris Acosta, María N Mengíbar, Laura Calderón, Ruth Harris, and Ángeles Heras</i></p> <p>15.1 Brief Description of InFiQuS 342</p> <p>15.2 Valuable by-products Under Research by InFiQuS 345</p> <p>15.3 Examples of Products Co-developed by InFiQuS 360</p> <p>15.4 Market Situation 362</p> <p>15.5 Needs of Research: Synergies Between Industry and Academia 364</p> <p>References 366</p> <p><b>16 Biorenewables at Mango Materials 371<br /> </b><i>Allison Pieja, Anne Schauer-Gimenez, Ann Oakenfull, and Molly Morse</i></p> <p>16.1 Motivation: the Problems with Plastics Today 372</p> <p>16.2 The Bioplastics Industry: An Overview 373</p> <p>16.3 Mango Materials – a Novel PHA Production Process 377</p> <p>16.4 Mango Materials, the Story 386</p> <p>16.5 The Future – new Ideas for Potential Research 390</p> <p>Acknowledgments 391</p> <p>References 391</p> <p><b>17 Novamont: Perspectives on Industrial Biorenewables and Public-Private Needs 397<br /> </b><i>Stefano Facco</i></p> <p>17.1 State of the Art and Challenges Faced by Biobased Industries 397</p> <p>17.2 Wisdom in the Use of Renewable Raw Materials: The Cascading Use of Biomass 400</p> <p>17.3 Case Study: Bioplastics in Italy: Going For Growth Despite the Crisis 401</p> <p>17.4 The EU Policy Framework and Related Policy Gaps: The EU Strategy on Bioeconomy and the Role of Industrial Policies 405</p> <p>References 407</p> <p><b>18 Novozymes: How Novozymes Thinks About Biomass 409<br /> </b><i>Brandon Emme and Alex Berlin</i></p> <p>18.1 The Company 411</p> <p>18.2 Case Study: The Transformation of Cellulose to Ethanol 412</p> <p>References 434</p> <p><b>19 Organoclick: Applied Eco-Friendly and Metal-Free Catalysis for Wood and Fiber Modifications 437<br /> </b><i>Jonas Hafrén and Armando Córdova</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 437</p> <p>19.2 Eco-friendly and Organocatalytic Surface Modification of Lignocellulose 440</p> <p>19.3 Organocatalytic Cross-linking Between Polysaccharides 443</p> <p>19.4 OC Modification of Lignocellulose 444</p> <p>References 449</p> <p><b>20 Petrobras: The Concept of Integrated Biorefineries Applied to the Oleochemistry Industry: Rational Utilization of Products and Residues via Catalytic Routes 451<br /> </b><i>Eduardo Falabella Sousa-Aguiar, João Monnerat Araujo Ribeiro de Almeida, Pedro Nothaft Romano, and Yuri Carvalho</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 452</p> <p>20.2 Glycerol Fermentation 454</p> <p>20.3 Hydrotreating 458</p> <p>20.4 Decarboxylation 460</p> <p>20.5 Conclusions 464</p> <p>References 464</p> <p><b>21 Phytonix: Cyanobacteria for Biobased Production Using CO2 467<br /> </b><i>Bruce Dannenberg, Peter Lindblad, and Gary Anderson</i></p> <p>21.1 Background: The Coming CO₂ Economy and Circular Economy Principles 468</p> <p>21.2 Technology for Cyanobacteria and Direct Photobiological Production 468</p> <p>21.3 Phytonix: Path Toward Full Commercialization of the Technology 475</p> <p>21.4 <i>n</i>-Butanol: A Valuable Industrial Chemical and Potential "Drop-in" Gasoline Replacement 482</p> <p>References 489</p> <p><b>22 Phytowelt Green Technologies: Fermentation Processes and Plant Breeding as Modules for Enhanced Biorefinery Systems 491<br /> </b><i>Peter Welters, Guido Jach, Katrin Schullehner, Nadia Evremova, and Renate Luehrs</i></p> <p>22.1 Introduction 492</p> <p>22.2 The Next Step: Beyond Energy Production 492</p> <p>22.3 Material Uses of Renewable Poplar Biomass 494</p> <p>22.4 Fermentative Production of High-value Compounds 495</p> <p>22.5 Cooperations with Chemical Industry 499</p> <p>22.6 Toward Optimized Biorenewables: Time-Lapse and Smart Breeding 502</p> <p>22.7 Next-Generation Poplars/Plants 505</p> <p>22.8 Toward Novel Biorefineries: Networking for Success 505</p> <p>References 506</p> <p><b>23 Biorenewables at Shell: Biofuels 507<br /> </b><i>Jean-Paul Lange, Johan Willem Gosselink, Rob Lee, Evert van der Heide, Colin John Schaverien, and Joseph B. Powell</i></p> <p>23.1 Introduction 509</p> <p>23.2 Shell and Biofuels 510</p> <p>23.3 Development of Advanced Biofuels in Shell 511</p> <p>23.4 Challenges Leading to More Research 535</p> <p>23.5 Conclusions 538</p> <p>References 539</p> <p>Index 545</p>

<p><b>Pablo Domínguez de María</b> holds BSc degree in Pharmacy and Chemistry and a PhD in Biocatalysis (2002). He worked in industries for 6.5 years (2003–2009, 2 years at Evonik AG, Germany, and 4.5 years at AkzoNobel BV, the Netherlands) being involved in projects regarding sustainable chemistry, organocatalysis, neoteric solvents, and white biotechnology. In 2009, he joined RWTH Aachen University as Group Leader. In 2015, he successfully defended his Habilitation (Thesis: Bio-based catalysis for petroleum-free biorefineries and fine chemicals). Since 2014 he is the Founder and CEO of Sustainable Momentum, SL., a consultancy firm providing technical support, advisory, project supervision, and competitive intelligence reporting on Sustainable Chemistry.

<p><b>INDUSTRIAL BIORENEWABLES</b></br> <i>A Practical Viewpoint</i> <p>This unique text provides an in-depth industrial view in its discussion of industrial biorenewables; industries report on real cases of biorenewables, dealing with economics, the motivation of implementing industrial biorenewable-based processes, and suggestions for further improvement and research. <ul> <li>Includes industrial perspectives by scientists working on biorenewable technology in industry, with a clear commercial focus</li> <li>Spans basic research to commercialization of processes and everything in between</li> <li> Provides key information for academic groups working in the area by covering the way industrial scientists tackle problems</li> <li>Showcases patented technologies across diverse industries, shares the motivation of implementing industrial biorenewable-based processes, and suggests options for further improvement and research</li> <li>Serves as a guide for industries and academic groups, providing crucial information for the setup of future biobased industrial concepts</li> </ul> <p><i>Industrial Biorenewables</i> provides a state-of-the-art perspective, offering a unique viewpoint from which a range of industries report on real cases of biorenewables, demonstrate their technologies, share the motivation of implementing a certain industrial biorenewable-based processes, and suggest options for further improvement and research. With an in-depth industrial viewpoint, the book serves as a key guide for industries and academic groups, providing crucial information for the setup of future biobased industrial concepts.

US