Details

ICT Policy, Research, and Innovation


ICT Policy, Research, and Innovation

Perspectives and Prospects for EU-US Collaboration
IEEE Press Series on Technology Management, Innovation, and Leadership 1. Aufl.

von: Svetlana Klessova, Sebastian Engell, Maarten Botterman, Jonathan Cave

117,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 02.11.2020
ISBN/EAN: 9781119632559
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 480

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

<p><b>A comprehensive discussion of the findings of the PICASSO initiative on ICT policy</b></p> <p><i>ICT Policy, Research, and Innovation: Perspectives and Prospects for EU-US Collaboration</i> provides a clearly readable overview of selected information and communication technology (ICT) and policy topics. Rather than deluge the reader with technical details, the distinguished authors provide just enough technical background to make sense of the underlying policy discussions.</p> <p>The book covers policy, research, and innovation topics on technologies as wide-ranging as:</p> <ul> <li>Internet of Things</li> <li>Cyber physical systems</li> <li>5G</li> <li>Big data</li> </ul> <p><i>ICT Policy, Research, and Innovation</i> compares and contrasts the policy approaches taken by the EU and the US in a variety of areas. The potential for future cooperation is outlined as well. Later chapters provide policy perspectives about some major issues affecting EU/US development cooperation, while the book closes with a discussion of how the development of these new technologies is changing our conceptions of fundamental aspects of society.</p>
<p>List of Contributors xviii</p> <p>Editor</p> <p>Biographies xx</p> <p>Acknowledgments xxi</p> <p>List of Acronyms xxiv</p> <p>A Note from the Series Editor 1</p> <p><b>1 Collaboration in a Globally Networked Knowledge Society </b><b>3<br /></b><i>Svetlana Klessova, Maarten Botterman, Jonathan Cave, and Sebastian Engell</i></p> <p>1.1 ICT Topics in Focus 6</p> <p>1.1.1 5G 6</p> <p>1.1.2 Internet of Things 7</p> <p>1.1.3 Cyber-Physical Systems 7</p> <p>1.1.4 Big Data 8</p> <p>1.1.5 Cybersecurity 8</p> <p>1.2 The Policy Aspect 9</p> <p>1.3 International Collaborations – EU–US Partnerships 11</p> <p>1.4 About this Volume 14</p> <p>References 19</p> <p><b>2 Industrial Drivers, Barriers, and Societal Needs: EU and US Perspectives </b><b>21<br /></b><i>Haydn Thompson, Daniela Ramos-Hernandez, and Christian Sonntag</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction and Overview 21</p> <p>2.2 Industrial Drivers and Societal Needs 23</p> <p>2.2.1 Smart Cities 23</p> <p>2.2.1.1 Landscape Analysis 23</p> <p>2.2.1.2 Industry Interviews 24</p> <p>2.2.2 Smart Energy and Smart Grid 26</p> <p>2.2.2.1 Landscape Analysis 26</p> <p>2.2.2.2 Industry Interviews 28</p> <p>2.2.3 Smart Transportation 31</p> <p>2.2.3.1 Automotive and Road 32</p> <p>2.2.3.2 Rail 35</p> <p>2.2.3.3 Aerospace 36</p> <p>2.2.3.4 Maritime 38</p> <p>2.2.4 Automation 40</p> <p>2.2.5 Diagnostics and Plant Monitoring 42</p> <p>2.2.6 Information Technology 43</p> <p>2.2.7 Wireless and Telecommunications 44</p> <p>2.2.8 Software Development and Tools 46</p> <p>2.2.9 Research Organizations and Networks 47</p> <p>2.2.10 Standardization 48</p> <p>2.2.11 Recruitment 49</p> <p>2.2.12 Summary of Key Recommendations 50</p> <p>2.3 Barriers 51</p> <p>2.3.1 Cross-Cutting Barriers 51</p> <p>2.3.1.1 Structural Differences in Funding Environments 51</p> <p>2.3.1.2 Administrative Overhead and Legal Barriers 52</p> <p>2.3.1.3 Lack of Clarity of the Benefits of EU–US Collaboration 53</p> <p>2.3.1.4 Restrictions due to Intellectual Property Protection 54</p> <p>2.3.1.5 Lack of Joint EU–US Funding Mechanisms and Policies 55</p> <p>2.3.1.6 Export Control and Privacy Restrictions 55</p> <p>2.3.1.7 Lack of Awareness and Knowledge 56</p> <p>2.3.1.8 Lack of Interoperability and Standards 56</p> <p>2.3.2 Barriers in Smart Cities 56</p> <p>2.3.3 Barriers in Smart Energy and the Smart Grid 57</p> <p>2.3.4 Barriers in Smart Transportation 58</p> <p>2.3.5 Barriers for Large and Small Companies 60</p> <p>2.4 Concluding Remarks 60</p> <p>References 61</p> <p><b>3 Research and Innovation Programs as a Mechanism to Support Collaborative Efforts </b><b>63<br /></b><i>Svetlana Klessova, Tariq Samad, Margot Bezzi, and Marta Calderaro</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 63</p> <p>3.2 EU Research and Innovation FP 64</p> <p>3.2.1 Coupling Research and Innovation 64</p> <p>3.2.2 Collaborative, Interorganizational Projects 65</p> <p>3.2.3 ICT Priorities and Opportunities in H2020 67</p> <p>3.2.4 The FP 2021–2027: Horizon Europe 69</p> <p>3.3 EU–US Collaboration in H2020 70</p> <p>3.3.1 The EU–US Research and Innovation Collaboration Framework 70</p> <p>3.3.2 US Participation in the EU Research and Innovation FPs 71</p> <p>3.3.3 US Industry Participation in the EU ICT-Related Work Programme 71</p> <p>3.4 US Programs for Collaborative Research 75</p> <p>3.4.1 The Federal RDI Funding Landscape 75</p> <p>3.4.2 National Science Foundation (NSF) 76</p> <p>3.4.3 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 78</p> <p>3.4.4 Department of Defense (DoD) 79</p> <p>3.4.5 Department of Energy (DoE) 80</p> <p>3.4.6 NITRD: A Programmatic Umbrella Covering ICT 81</p> <p>3.5 Conclusion 82</p> <p>3.6 Annex 1: About the PICASSO Project 84</p> <p>References 87</p> <p><b>4 International Context and the Specific Value of EU–US Collaboration </b><b>89<br /></b><i>Jonathan Cave and Maarten Botterman</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 89</p> <p>4.2 Advantages of EU–US Collaboration 90</p> <p>4.2.1 General Aspects 90</p> <p>4.2.2 Collaboration Along Technology, Market, and Policy Life Cycles 92</p> <p>4.2.3 Specific Activities to Foster Collaboration 92</p> <p>4.3 Overview 94</p> <p>4.3.1 A Summary of Challenges and Opportunities 94</p> <p>4.3.2 EU–US Comparisons 94</p> <p>4.3.2.1 A Bit of History 94</p> <p>4.3.2.2 The Difficulty of Meaningful Comparisons 103</p> <p>4.3.3 Differences and Cooperation 103</p> <p>4.4 Collaborative Research and Innovation Priorities and Barriers 103</p> <p>4.4.1 EU and US Priorities 103</p> <p>4.4.2 Barriers to Policy-driven R&I Collaboration 104</p> <p>References 108</p> <p><b>5 Challenges and Potential for EU–US Collaboration at the Intersection of the Internet of Things and Cyber-physical Systems </b><b>111<br /></b><i>Christian Sonntag, Sebastian Engell, and Tariq Samad</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 111</p> <p>5.1.1 Internet of Things-Enabled Cyber-physical Systems 111</p> <p>5.1.2 Objectives of this Chapter 113</p> <p>5.2 R&I Priorities in the European Union and the United States 114</p> <p>5.2.1 Cross-Domain Drivers and Needs 115</p> <p>5.2.2 Enabling Technologies 115</p> <p>5.2.3 Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) 116</p> <p>5.2.3.1 R&I Priorities in the European Union 117</p> <p>5.2.3.2 R&I Priorities in the United States 119</p> <p>5.2.4 The Internet of Things (IoT) 121</p> <p>5.2.4.1 R&I Priorities in the European Union 122</p> <p>5.2.4.2 R&I Priorities in the United States 123</p> <p>5.2.5 Application Sectors: Drivers and Needs 124</p> <p>5.2.5.1 Smart Production 124</p> <p>5.2.5.2 Smart Cities 126</p> <p>5.2.5.3 Smart Energy 126</p> <p>5.2.5.4 Smart Transportation 127</p> <p>5.2.6 Synthesis of the Findings 128</p> <p>5.3 Technology Themes for EU–US Collaboration 133</p> <p>5.3.1 Autonomy and Humans in the Loop 134</p> <p>5.3.1.1 R&I Topics 134</p> <p>5.3.1.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 134</p> <p>5.3.1.3 Relevance to Application Sectors 134</p> <p>5.3.2 Model-based Systems Engineering 135</p> <p>5.3.2.1 R&I Topics 135</p> <p>5.3.2.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 135</p> <p>5.3.2.3 Relevance to Application Sectors 135</p> <p>5.3.3 Trust, (Cyber-)Security, Robustness, Resilience, and Safety 135</p> <p>5.3.3.1 R&I Topics 135</p> <p>5.3.3.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 136</p> <p>5.3.3.3 Relevance to Application Sectors 136</p> <p>5.3.4 Integration, Interoperability, Flexibility, and Reconfiguration 136</p> <p>5.3.4.1 R&I Topics 136</p> <p>5.3.4.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 136</p> <p>5.3.4.3 Relevance to Application Sectors 136</p> <p>5.3.5 Situational Awareness, Diagnostics, and Prognostics 137</p> <p>5.3.5.1 R&I Topics 137</p> <p>5.3.5.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 137</p> <p>5.3.5.3 Relevance to Application Sectors 137</p> <p>5.3.6 Closing the Loop in IoT-enabled CPS 137</p> <p>5.3.6.1 R&I Topics 137</p> <p>5.3.6.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 137</p> <p>5.3.6.3 Relevance to Application Sectors 137</p> <p>5.4 Key  Recommendations: Enabling EU–US Collaboration for IoT-Enabled CPS 138</p> <p>5.4.1 Joint EU–US Knowledge Exchange Initiative 139</p> <p>5.4.2 Joint NSF–EC Program on Autonomous IoT-enabled CPS in Horizon Europe 140</p> <p>5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 141</p> <p>References 142</p> <p><b>6 Challenges and Potential for EU–US Collaboration in 5G and Beyond Networks </b><b>145<br /></b><i>Yaning Zou, Gerhard Fettweis, Amitava Ghosh, Glenn Ricart, Matti Latva-Aho, and Lucas Scheuvens</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>6.2 R&I Priorities of 5G Networks in the European Union and the United States 146</p> <p>6.2.1 Cross-domain Drivers and Needs 146</p> <p>6.2.2 5G and its Enabling Technologies 147</p> <p>6.2.3 R&I Priorities in the European Union 148</p> <p>6.2.4 R&I Priorities in the United States 150</p> <p>6.2.5 Vertical Sectors: Drivers and Needs 152</p> <p>6.2.5.1 Automotive and Transportation 152</p> <p>6.2.5.2 Industrial Automation 153</p> <p>6.2.5.3 Health 154</p> <p>6.2.5.4 Energy 155</p> <p>6.2.6 EU–US Research Collaboration in 5G Network 155</p> <p>6.3 5G Beyond and Technology Themes for EU–US Collaboration 157</p> <p>6.3.1 Connecting the Last Billions in Unserved Areas 159</p> <p>6.3.1.1 R&I Topics 159</p> <p>6.3.1.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 159</p> <p>6.3.2 Wireless Premises Networks 159</p> <p>6.3.2.1 R&I Topics 159</p> <p>6.3.2.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 159</p> <p>6.3.3 mmWave Technology Beyond 5G 160</p> <p>6.3.3.1 R&I Topics 160</p> <p>6.3.3.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 160</p> <p>6.3.4 Spectrum Farming and Harmonization 160</p> <p>6.3.4.1 R&I Topics 160</p> <p>6.3.4.2 Why EU–US Collaboration? 161</p> <p>6.4 Fostering EU–US Collaboration for 5G Beyond: Strategies and Key Recommendations 161</p> <p>6.4.1 Collaboration Strategies in the 5G Beyond Domain 161</p> <p>6.4.2 Collaboration Opportunities in the 5G Beyond Domain 162</p> <p>6.5 Conclusions and Outlook 163</p> <p>References 164</p> <p><b>7 Big Data Policies and Priorities: A Comparison Between the European Union and United States and Opportunities for Collaboration </b><b>165<br /></b><i>Vasileios Papanikolaou, Nikos Sarris, Florence D. Hudson, Lea A. Shanley, Andrew S. Hoffman, and Christine R. Kirkpatrick</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 165</p> <p>7.2 R&I Priorities in the European States and the United States 166</p> <p>7.2.1 Big Data Technology Enablers 166</p> <p>7.2.2 EU Priorities and R&I Landscape 167</p> <p>7.2.2.1 The EU Big Data Strategy 168</p> <p>7.2.2.2 EU R&I Priorities 168</p> <p>7.2.3 US Priorities and R&I Landscape 169</p> <p>7.2.3.1 The US Big Data Strategy 171</p> <p>7.2.3.2 The American Artificial Intelligence Initiative 172</p> <p>7.2.3.3 US Research and Innovation Priorities 172</p> <p>7.2.4 Postgraduate Education on Big Data 176</p> <p>7.2.5 Application Sectors 177</p> <p>7.2.5.1 EU Key Application Sectors 177</p> <p>7.2.5.2 US Application Sectors 178</p> <p>7.2.6 Conclusions 179</p> <p>7.2.6.1 Similarities and Differences at the Design and at the Implementation Level 179</p> <p>7.2.6.2 Similarities and Differences in Big Data Technology and Application Domains between the European States and the United States 180</p> <p>7.3 Fostering EU–US Collaboration for Big Data: Opportunities and Key Recommendations 181</p> <p>7.3.1 Collaboration Opportunities 181</p> <p>7.3.1.1 Big Data Ecosystem Opportunities 182</p> <p>7.3.1.2 Standardization and Regulation 183</p> <p>7.3.1.3 Opportunities in Education and Workforce Development 183</p> <p>7.3.1.4 Big Data for Smart Cities 183</p> <p>7.3.1.5 Big Data and the Environment–Food–Energy–Water Nexus 184</p> <p>7.3.1.6 Big Data for Better Health 184</p> <p>7.3.2 Key Recommendations for Enhancing EU–US Collaboration in Big Data Technologies 185</p> <p>7.3.2.1 Big Data EU–US Task Force for Enhancing Collaboration 185</p> <p>7.3.2.2 Joint R&D Projects under the Horizon Europe Umbrella 186</p> <p>7.4 Conclusions and Outlook 186</p> <p>7.4.1 Summary of Recommendations 187</p> <p>References 188</p> <p><b>8 Cybersecurity and Privacy </b><b>191<br /></b><i>Jim Clarke, Fabio Martinelli, Artsiom Yautsiukhin, Claudio Caimi, Alberto Terzi,  Silviya Nonova, Camille E. Sailer, Jody Serrano, and Yolanda Ursa</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 191</p> <p>8.2 Landscape of Cybersecurity in Europe and the United States 192</p> <p>8.2.1 EU Cybersecurity and Privacy Strategy 192</p> <p>8.2.1.1 NIS Public–Private Platform (NIS Platform) 192</p> <p>8.2.1.2 Contractual Public–Private Partnership (cPPP) 192</p> <p>8.2.1.3 EU Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy 193</p> <p>8.2.1.4 European Agenda on Security 193</p> <p>8.2.1.5 Digital Single Market Strategy 193</p> <p>8.2.2 US Cybersecurity and Privacy Strategy 193</p> <p>8.2.2.1 Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan 194</p> <p>8.2.2.2 National Privacy Research Strategy (NPRS) 195</p> <p>8.2.2.3 International Strategy for Cyberspace 195</p> <p>8.3 Priority Areas for EU–US Collaboration in R&I in CSP 195</p> <p>8.3.1 Cybersecurity Research Domains 197</p> <p>8.3.2 Applications and Technologies 198</p> <p>8.3.3 Sectors 198</p> <p>8.3.4 Expert Analysis of Our Ranking 199</p> <p>8.3.4.1 Cybersecurity Research Domains 199</p> <p>8.3.4.2 Applications and Technologies 199</p> <p>8.3.4.3 Sectors 200</p> <p>8.3.5 Recommended Focus Sectors for Transatlantic Cooperation 200</p> <p>8.3.5.1 Finance 200</p> <p>8.3.5.2 Health Care 200</p> <p>8.3.5.3 Maritime 200</p> <p>8.3.6 Summary of the Analysis of the Three Focus Sectors 201</p> <p>8.4 Innovation Partnerships in CSP 203</p> <p>8.4.1 Strategy 203</p> <p>8.4.2 Multidisciplinary Approach 206</p> <p>8.4.3 Resilience 206</p> <p>8.4.4 Governance 206</p> <p>8.4.5 Cooperation and Sharing 206</p> <p>8.4.6 Reputation 206</p> <p>8.4.7 Innovation 207</p> <p>8.5 Cybersecurity</p> <p>Policies Enabling EU–US Collaboration 207</p> <p>8.5.1 Standards and Certification 207</p> <p>8.5.1.1 EU Policies 207</p> <p>8.5.1.2 US Policies 208</p> <p>8.5.2 Public–Private Information Sharing 209</p> <p>8.5.2.1 EU Policies 209</p> <p>8.5.2.2 US Policies 210</p> <p>8.6 Recommendations for EU–US Collaboration 210</p> <p>8.7 Conclusions 212</p> <p>References 214</p> <p><b>9 The Next Generation Internet Initiative </b><b>217<br /></b><i>Glenn Ricart, Jose Gonzalez, Vasilis Papanikolaou, Hubert Santer, Fabrice Clari, Nikos Sarris, Peter Van Daele, and Wouter Tavernier</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 217</p> <p>9.1.1 Technologies and Applications for an Internet of Humans 219</p> <p>9.1.1.1 Key Application Areas 221</p> <p>9.1.2 Drivers and Impediments for a Global DSM 221</p> <p>9.2 Transatlantic Cooperation on NGI 224</p> <p>9.2.1 State of Collaboration 224</p> <p>9.2.2 NGI in the United States 226</p> <p>9.2.2.1 Digital Policies in the United States 227</p> <p>9.2.3 Funding Mechanisms and Opportunities 229</p> <p>9.2.3.1 Europe 229</p> <p>9.2.3.2 United States 230</p> <p>9.2.4 Initiatives Supporting EU–US Collaboration on NGI 232</p> <p>9.2.4.1 Transatlantic NGI Projects 232</p> <p>9.2.4.2 US Clusters and Innovation Hubs 236</p> <p>9.2.4.3 Initiatives Developing NGI Technologies 238</p> <p>9.3 Think NEXUS to Support the Transatlantic NGI Alliance 239</p> <p>9.3.1 Think NEXUS US Workshop 2019 241</p> <p>9.3.1.1 Science and Technology Expert Group 241</p> <p>9.3.1.2 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Expert Group 243</p> <p>9.3.1.3 Policy Expert Group 247</p> <p>9.4 Conclusions 249</p> <p>References 251</p> <p><b>10 Privacy and Data Protection Issues </b><b>255<br /></b><i>Maarten Botterman and Jonathan Cave</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 255</p> <p>10.2 EU and US Policy Frameworks 256</p> <p>10.3 Differences in Legal Status of Privacy 257</p> <p>10.3.1 Europe: GDPR 258</p> <p>10.3.2 The United States: Case Law Based on the Constitution 259</p> <p>10.3.3 The EU/US Agreement Privacy Shield 261</p> <p>10.4 ICT Development Impacts 261</p> <p>10.4.1 5G Networks 262</p> <p>10.4.2 Big Data 263</p> <p>10.4.3 Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical Systems 265</p> <p>10.5 Conclusions 266</p> <p>References 270</p> <p><b>11 Information and Communication Technology Security Issues </b><b>273<br /></b><i>Jonathan Cave, Maarten Botterman, and Dave Farber</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 273</p> <p>11.2 The Technical Situation 274</p> <p>11.3 The Policy Situation 276</p> <p>11.3.1 Cybersecurity Risk Cannot be “Minimized” 276</p> <p>11.3.2 Trust Cannot be “Maximized” 277</p> <p>11.3.3 Trust and Security are Both Real and Imagined 277</p> <p>11.3.4 The International Dimension 278</p> <p>11.3.5 Simplistic Approaches to a Complex Problem 280</p> <p>11.3.5.1 Data and Its Uses and Abuses 280</p> <p>11.3.5.2 Definitional Issues 282</p> <p>11.3.5.3 Identification and Authentication 282</p> <p>11.3.5.4 Data and Processing Integrity and Quality 285</p> <p>11.3.5.5 Cybercrime and Cyber-enhanced Crime 287</p> <p>11.3.5.6 Encryption 288</p> <p>11.3.5.7 A Dialogue Between Technology and Policy 290</p> <p>11.4 New ICT Developments Impacts 292</p> <p>11.4.1 5G Networks 292</p> <p>11.4.2 Big Data 294</p> <p>11.4.2.1 The Scope of the Issue 294</p> <p>11.4.2.2 The Accessibility of Big Data 295</p> <p>11.4.2.3 Data Analytics and AI as Cybersecurity Tools 295</p> <p>11.4.3 Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical Systems 296</p> <p>11.5 Possible Ways Forward 297</p> <p>11.6 Conclusions 299</p> <p>11.6.1 5G Networks 299</p> <p>11.6.2 Big Data 300</p> <p>11.6.3 IoT and Cyber-Physical Systems 300</p> <p>11.6.4 Operational Conclusions 301</p> <p>References 305</p> <p><b>12 Standardization Issues </b><b>309<br /></b><i>Maarten Botterman, Jonathan Cave, and Avri Doria</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 309</p> <p>12.1.1 How ICT Dynamics Affect Standards 310</p> <p>12.1.2 Implications of Convergence 310</p> <p>12.1.3 Convergence Is Not Inevitable 311</p> <p>12.2 Standardization as a Collaborative and Competitive Activity 311</p> <p>12.2.1 Why Address Standards Setting Now? 312</p> <p>12.3 Drivers of ICT Standardization 313</p> <p>12.3.1 Social Drivers 314</p> <p>12.3.2 Technology Drivers 315</p> <p>12.3.3 Economic Drivers 316</p> <p>12.4 Standards Development in Practice 316</p> <p>12.4.1 Permissionless Innovation 317</p> <p>12.4.2 Open Standards 317</p> <p>12.4.3 The Role of Standards Organizations 318</p> <p>12.4.4 The Role of Governments 318</p> <p>12.4.4.1 EU Perspective 319</p> <p>12.4.4.2 US Perspective 320</p> <p>12.5 Standardization: Focus on Technology Domains 320</p> <p>12.5.1 5G Networks 320</p> <p>12.5.2 Big Data 323</p> <p>12.5.3 Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical Systems 324</p> <p>12.6 Perspectives Towards the Future 325</p> <p>12.7 Conclusions 327</p> <p>References 328</p> <p><b>13 Spectrum Issues </b><b>331<br /></b><i>Jonathan Cave</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 331</p> <p>13.1.1 Challenges to Existing Spectrum Policies 333</p> <p>13.1.2 Implications for Research into Wireless Technologies and Services 333</p> <p>13.1.2.1 Example: 2.6 GHz Spectrum Auction 334</p> <p>13.1.3 Availability of Spectrum for Research Purposes 334</p> <p>13.2 Technology-specific Spectrum Issues 334</p> <p>13.2.1 5G Networks 334</p> <p>13.2.1.1 Specific Issues (Tentative) 335</p> <p>13.2.2 Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical Systems 337</p> <p>13.2.3 Big Data 339</p> <p>13.2.3.1 Big Data Traffic Flows over the Electromagnetic Spectrum 339</p> <p>13.2.3.2 Use of Data Analytics to Allocate Rights and Manage Spectrum Use 340</p> <p>13.3 Perspectives Towards the Future 340</p> <p>13.4 Conclusions 341</p> <p>13.5 Annex A: Some Comments on IoT and CPS from the Spectrum Perspective 342</p> <p>13.5.1 Internet of Things 342</p> <p>13.5.2 Cyber-physical Systems 343</p> <p>13.5.3 Link to Spectrum 343</p> <p>13.6 Annex B: TV White Space (TVWS) 344</p> <p>References 346</p> <p><b>14 Digital Communities and EU–US ICT Development Collaboration </b><b>349<br /></b><i>Glenn Ricart, Maarten Botterman, and Jonathan Cave</i></p> <p>14.1 Why Focus on Digital Communities? 349</p> <p>14.1.1 What are Communities? 350</p> <p>14.1.2 The Effect of “Digitization” 350</p> <p>14.2 Relation to Other Key Policy Issues 353</p> <p>14.2.1 Privacy and Data Protection 354</p> <p>14.2.2 ICT Security 354</p> <p>14.2.3 ICT Standards 355</p> <p>14.2.4 Spectrum 355</p> <p>14.3 Digital Communities, Impacted 356</p> <p>14.3.1 5G Networks 356</p> <p>14.3.2 Big Data 357</p> <p>14.3.3 Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical Systems 357</p> <p>14.4 Perspectives Towards the Future 358</p> <p>14.5 Conclusions 360</p> <p>References 362</p> <p><b>15 Opening Towards a New Reality, Together </b><b>365<br /></b><i>Maarten Botterman and Jonathan Cave</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 365</p> <p>15.1.1 Case for Collaboration 366</p> <p>15.1.2 Most-relevant Issues 367</p> <p>15.2 Policy Challenges for ICT R&I Collaboration 368</p> <p>15.3 Privacy and Data Protection 368</p> <p>15.3.1 Context 368</p> <p>15.3.1.1 Differences in Legal Status of Privacy 369</p> <p>15.3.2 ICT Development Impacts 370</p> <p>15.3.2.1 5G Networks 370</p> <p>15.3.2.2 Big Data 371</p> <p>15.3.2.3 The Internet of Things and Cyber-physical Systems 372</p> <p>15.3.3 Privacy and Data Protection Conclusions 372</p> <p>15.4 Security 372</p> <p>15.4.1 Context 373</p> <p>15.4.1.1 The Technical Situation 373</p> <p>15.4.1.2 The Policy Situation 374</p> <p>15.4.2 ICT Development Impacts 377</p> <p>15.4.2.1 5G Networks 377</p> <p>15.4.2.2 Big Data 378</p> <p>15.4.2.3 The Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems 379</p> <p>15.4.3 Security Conclusions 379</p> <p>15.5 Standards 380</p> <p>15.5.1 Context 380</p> <p>15.5.1.1 How ICT Dynamics Affect Standards 380</p> <p>15.5.1.2 Implications of Convergence 381</p> <p>15.5.1.3 Convergence is Not Inevitable 381</p> <p>15.5.1.4 Standardization as a Collaborative and Competitive Activity 382</p> <p>15.5.2 Standards Development in Practice 383</p> <p>15.5.2.1 Permissionless Innovation 384</p> <p>15.5.2.2 Open Standards 384</p> <p>15.5.3 ICT Development Impacts 384</p> <p>15.5.3.1 5G Networks 384</p> <p>15.5.3.2 Big Data 385</p> <p>15.5.3.3 Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical Systems 387</p> <p>15.5.4 Standards Conclusions 387</p> <p>15.6 Spectrum 389</p> <p>15.6.1 Context 389</p> <p>15.6.1.1 Challenges to Existing Spectrum Policies 390</p> <p>15.6.1.2 Implications for Radio Technology and Service R&I 391</p> <p>15.6.1.3 Spectrum Availability for Research Purposes 391</p> <p>15.6.2 ICT Development Impacts 392</p> <p>15.6.2.1 5G Networks 392</p> <p>15.6.2.2 Big Data 394</p> <p>15.6.2.3 Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical Systems 395</p> <p>15.6.3 Spectrum Conclusions 396</p> <p>15.7 Future Outlook 397</p> <p>15.7.1 General Trends 397</p> <p>15.7.1.1 Overarching Developments 397</p> <p>15.7.1.2 The Evolving Security Landscape 398</p> <p>15.7.2 The Role of Communities 399</p> <p>15.7.2.1 The Future of Digital is Driven by Communities, and Vice Versa 401</p> <p>15.8 Conclusions and Recommendations 403</p> <p>15.8.1 General Aspects 403</p> <p>15.8.1.1 Competition Between Domains 404</p> <p>15.8.1.2 Coordination Models 404</p> <p>15.8.2 Key Policy Domains 406</p> <p>15.8.2.1 Privacy and Data Protection 406</p> <p>15.8.2.2 ICT Security 408</p> <p>15.8.2.3 Standardization 409</p> <p>15.8.2.4 Spectrum 410</p> <p>15.8.3 Lessons Learned from Digital Communities 411</p> <p>15.8.4 Strategic Proposals for the Way Forward 412</p> <p>15.9 Annexes 413</p> <p>15.9.1 Annex A: Security Considerations 413</p> <p>15.9.1.1 Data and Its Uses and Abuses 413</p> <p>15.9.1.2 Definitional Issues 414</p> <p>15.9.1.3 Identification and Authentication 414</p> <p>15.9.1.4 Cybercrime and Cyber-Enhanced Crime 414</p> <p>15.9.1.5 Encryption 415</p> <p>15.9.1.6 A Dialogue Between Technology and Policy 416</p> <p>15.9.2 Annex 2: Standards 418</p> <p>15.9.2.1 Drivers 418</p> <p>15.9.2.2 Organizational Roles 420</p> <p>15.9.3 Annex C Spectrum 422</p> <p>15.9.3.1 IoT and CPS from the Spectrum Perspective 422</p> <p>15.9.3.2 TV White Space (TVWS) 424</p> <p>15.9.4 Annex DFuture Developments 425</p> <p>15.9.4.1 Trends 425</p> <p>15.9.4.2 Digital Communities Perspectives on Policy and Technology Areas 427</p> <p>15.9.4.3 How Do Communities Relate to the Three Technical Domains? 429</p> <p>References 437</p> <p>Index 439</p>
<p><b>SVETLANA KLESSOVA</b> was the coordinator of the PICASSO EU/US initiative "ICT Policy, Research and Innovation for a Smart Society". She is Director of Research and Innovation Partnerships at GAC Group, France, and is doing research in innovation management at the Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG. She is the editor of the open source volume <i>Innovation Strategy in R&D Projects: A Step by Step Guide</i> and authored numerous analytical reports. <p><b>SEBASTIAN ENGELL</b> is Professor of Process Dynamics and Operations at TU Dortmund University, Germany. He obtained several best paper awards and is a co-editor of the Wiley title <i>Resource Efficiency of Processing Plants: Monitoring and Improvement</i> (2018) and editor of the Wiley title <i>Logistic Optimization of Chemical Production Processes</i> (2008). <p><b>MAARTEN BOTTERMAN</b> is an independent policy analyst and founder and Director of GNKS Consult, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He is the Chairman of the ICANN Board, Chairman of the IGF Dynamic Coalition of the Internet of Things, Board Member of the Institute for Accountability in the Digital Age, and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the NLnet Foundation. <p><b>JONATHAN CAVE</b> belongs to the Economics Department of the University of Warwick, UK and the UK's Regulatory Policy Committee. He is also an Associate at GNKS Consult and a Fellow of the Alan Turing Institute, an area editor of the Journal of Cybersecurity and advisor to the Cyber Civilization Research Center at Keio University.
<p><b>A comprehensive discussion of the findings of the PICASSO initiative on ICT policy</b> <p><i>ICT Policy, Research, and Innovation: Perspectives and Prospects for EU-US Collaboration</i> provides a comprehensive and readable overview of important current information and communication technology (ICT) and related policy topics. Rather than deluge the reader with technical details, the distinguished authors provide just enough technical background to make sense of the underlying policy discussions. <p>The book covers policy, research, and innovation topics on technologies as wide-ranging as: <ul> <li>Internet of Things</li> <li>Cyber-physical Systems</li> <li>5G</li> <li>Big Data</li> </ul> <p><i>ICT Policy, Research, and Innovation</i> compares and contrasts the policy approaches taken by the EU and the US in a variety of areas. The potential for future cooperation is outlined as well. Later chapters provide policy perspectives about some major issues affecting EU/US development cooperation, while the book closes with a discussion of how the development of these new technologies is changing our conceptions of fundamental aspects of society.

Diese Produkte könnten Sie auch interessieren:

From Photon to Pixel
From Photon to Pixel
von: Henri Maître
PDF ebook
139,99 €
Computer Vision in Vehicle Technology
Computer Vision in Vehicle Technology
von: Antonio M. López, Atsushi Imiya, Tomas Pajdla, Jose M. Álvarez
PDF ebook
81,99 €
Foundations of Electromagnetic Compatibility
Foundations of Electromagnetic Compatibility
von: Bogdan Adamczyk
PDF ebook
117,99 €