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Handbook of Renewable Materials for Coloration and Finishing


Handbook of Renewable Materials for Coloration and Finishing


1. Aufl.

von: Mohd Yusuf

210,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 24.07.2018
ISBN/EAN: 9781119407867
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 612

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>The purpose of this unique handbook is to provide reference material that includes basic principles and current developments in the field of natural coloration and finishing.</b></p> <p>A sustainable world requires the utilization of renewable materials or resources that can be produced in huge quantities for a wide range of applications. To adopt the use of active materials for textile coloration and finishing, they should reach the technical demands of the modern world such as eco-preservation, economic and ecological requirements by which, equity and sustainability might be considered. Therefore, there is a need to discuss and understand the challenges and solutions of textile coloration and functional finishing methodologies.</p> <p>The 20 chapters comprising the <i>Handbook of Renewable Materials for Coloration and Finishing</i> are divided into four segments: Substrates for Coloration and Finishing; Renewable Colorants and their Applications; Advanced Materials and Technologies for Coloration; and Finishing and Sustainability.</p> <p>Part I contains three chapters that overview the systematic discussion on the suitability, physical, chemical and processing aspects of substrates for coloration and finishing. Part II includes nine chapters and covers in-depth arguments on renewable colorants and their various applications including a chapter on bio-colorant's application as photosensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells. Part III contains five chapters in which modern advancements and processing methods/technologies for coloration and functional finishing are presented comprehensively. Part IV contains two chapters that provide sustainable aspects of coloration and finishing.</p>
<p>Preface xix<br /><br /><b>Part I: Substrates for Coloration and Finishing 1</b></p> <p><b>1 An Introduction to Textile Fibers: An Overview 3<br /></b><i>Mohd Shabbir and Faqeer Mohammad</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 3</p> <p>1.2 Classification 4</p> <p>1.2.1 Natural Fibers 5</p> <p>1.2.2 Synthetic Fibers 5</p> <p>1.2.3 Semi-Synthetic Fibers 6</p> <p>1.3 Conclusion 6</p> <p>References 7</p> <p><b>2 Effect of Processing and Type of Mechanical Loading on Performance of Bio-Fibers and Bio-Composites 9<br /></b><i>Vijay Chaudhary and Pramendra Kumar Bajpai</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 9</p> <p>2.2 Extraction of Bio-Fibers 10</p> <p>2.3 Mechanical Loading 12</p> <p>2.4 Tensile Test 14</p> <p>2.5 Flexural Test 15</p> <p>2.6 Impact Test 15</p> <p>2.7 Tribological Performance 16</p> <p>2.8 Conclusion 16</p> <p>References 17</p> <p><b>3 Mechanical and Chemical Structure of Natural Protein Fibers: Wool and Silk 19<br /></b><i>Mohd Yusuf</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 19</p> <p>3.2 Wool 20</p> <p>3.2.1 Physical Properties 20</p> <p>3.2.2 Chemical Properties 21</p> <p>3.2.3 Morphology 22</p> <p>3.2.4 Chemical Structure 24</p> <p>3.3 Silk 31</p> <p>3.3.1 Physical properties 31</p> <p>3.3.2 Chemical Properties 33</p> <p>3.3.3 Morphology 34</p> <p>3.3.4 Chemical Structure 36</p> <p>3.4 Conclusion 38</p> <p>References 38</p> <p><b>Part II: Renewable Colorants and their Applications: Revolutionary Approach 41</b></p> <p><b>4 Animal Based Natural Dyes: A Short Review 43<br /></b><i>Shahid Adeel, Sana Rafi, Muhammad Abdul Mustaan, Mahwish Salman and Abdul Ghaffar</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction of Natural Dyes 44</p> <p>4.2 Sustainability of Natural Dyes 45</p> <p>4.3 Classification of Natural Dyes 46</p> <p>4.4 Animal Based Natural Dyes 47</p> <p>4.4.1 Cochineal 47</p> <p>4.4.1.1 Polish Cochineal 49</p> <p>4.4.1.2 Armenian Cochineal 50</p> <p>4.4.2 Kermes 50</p> <p>4.4.3 Lac Insect 51</p> <p>4.4.4 Sea Snails 53</p> <p>4.4.4.1 Bolinusbrandaris 53</p> <p>4.4.4.2 Hexaplex trunculus 54</p> <p>4.4.4.3 Stramonita haemastoma 54</p> <p>4.5 Extraction Methodology 56</p> <p>4.6 Application of Animal Based Dyes 60</p> <p>4.6.1 Textile 60</p> <p>4.6.2 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells 62</p> <p>4.6.3 Food 63</p> <p>4.6.4 Pharmaceuticals 64</p> <p>4.6.5 Nano-technological Image 64</p> <p>4.7 Future Prospects 65</p> <p>4.8 Conclusion 66</p> <p>Acknowledgment 66</p> <p>References 66</p> <p><b>5 Natural Dyes and Pigments: Extraction and Applications 75<br /></b><i>Rym Mansour</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 75</p> <p>5.2 Classification of Natural Dyes 77</p> <p>5.2.1 Classification Based on Color 77</p> <p>5.2.1.1 Red 77</p> <p>5.2.1.2 Blue 77</p> <p>5.2.1.3 Yellow 77</p> <p>5.2.1.4 Green 78</p> <p>5.2.1.5 Black and Brown 78</p> <p>5.2.1.6 Orange 78</p> <p>5.2.2 Classification Based on Chemical Constitution 78</p> <p>5.2.2.1 Anthraquinone Dyes 78</p> <p>5.2.2.2 Indigoid Dyes 79</p> <p>5.2.2.3 Carotenoid Dyes 79</p> <p>5.2.2.4 Flavonoid Dyes 79</p> <p>5.2.2.5 Dihydropyran Dyes 79</p> <p>5.2.3 Classification Based on Application 80</p> <p>5.2.3.1 Mordant Dyes 80</p> <p>5.2.3.2 Vat Dyes 80</p> <p>5.2.3.3 Direct Dyes 80</p> <p>5.2.3.4 Acid Dyes 81</p> <p>5.2.3.5 Basic Dyes 81</p> <p>5.2.3.6 Disperse Dyes 81</p> <p>5.2.4 Classification Based on Origin 81</p> <p>5.2.4.1 Plants 81</p> <p>5.2.4.2 Minerals 82</p> <p>5.2.4.3 Animals 82</p> <p>5.3 Extraction of Natural Dyes 82</p> <p>5.3.1 Extraction Methods 82</p> <p>5.3.1.1 Aqueous Extraction 82</p> <p>5.3.1.2 Acid and Alkali Extraction Process 83</p> <p>5.3.1.3 Ultrasonic and Microwave Extraction 84</p> <p>5.3.1.4 Fermentation 84</p> <p>5.3.1.5 Enzymatic Extraction 85</p> <p>5.3.1.6 Solvent Extraction 85</p> <p>5.3.1.7 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 86</p> <p>5.4 Natural Dyes Application 86</p> <p>5.4.1 Textile, Medicinal and Herbal Applications 86</p> <p>5.4.1.1 Quinones 87</p> <p>5.4.1.2 Anthraquinones 87</p> <p>5.4.1.3 Naphthoquinones 88</p> <p>5.4.1.4 Anthocyanins 89</p> <p>5.4.1.5 Usnic Acid 89</p> <p>5.4.1.6 Tannins 90</p> <p>5.4.2 Natural Dyes in Food Coloration 90</p> <p>5.4.3 UV-protective Finishing 92</p> <p>5.4.4 Insect Repellent Finishing 93</p> <p>5.4.5 Natural Dyes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 94</p> <p>5.5 Other Applications of Natural Dyes 95</p> <p>5.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 96</p> <p>References 97</p> <p><b>6 Lichen Derived Natural Colorants: History, Extraction, and Applications 103<br /></b><i>Luqman Jameel Rather,, Salman Jameel Rather, Showkat Ali Ganie and Khursheed Ahmad Bhat</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 103</p> <p>6.2 History 105</p> <p>6.3 Lichen Dyes and Industrial Revolution 106</p> <p>6.4 Extraction 107</p> <p>6.5 Dye Stuffs from Lichens 107</p> <p>6.5.1 Lichen Dyestuffs: Orchils and Litmus 110</p> <p>6.6 Yellowish, Brownish and Reddish Colorants from Lichen 110</p> <p>6.7 Ways of Dyeing with Lichens 111</p> <p>6.8 Future Prospectus and Conclusion 111</p> <p>Acknowledgement 112</p> <p>References 112</p> <p><b>7 Chlorophylls as Pigment: A Contemporary Approach 115<br /></b><i>Shafat Ahmad Khan, Mohd Yusuf, Pooja Agarwal and Lalit Prasad</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 116</p> <p>7.2 Molecular Structure and Physico-chemical Characterization 117</p> <p>7.3 Coloring Aspects 119</p> <p>7.4 Characterization and Quality Control 120</p> <p>7.5 Conclusion and Future Outlook 121</p> <p>References 122</p> <p><b>8 Contemporary Revolutions in Natural Dyes: Extraction and Dyeing Methodology 125<br /></b><i>Fazal-ur-Rehman, Shahid Adeel, Sana Rafi, Noman Habib, Khalid Mahmood Zia, Mohammad Zuber and Nasim Akhtar</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 126</p> <p>8.2 Pros and Cons of Natural Dyes 127</p> <p>8.3 Classification of Natural Dyes 129</p> <p>8.3.1 Plant Based Natural Dyes 129</p> <p>8.3.1.1 Pomegranate 129</p> <p>8.3.1.2 Australian Pine 130</p> <p>8.3.1.3 Bush Grape 130</p> <p>8.3.1.4 Butterfly Pea 130</p> <p>8.3.1.5 Mugavu 131</p> <p>8.3.1.6 Jackfruit 132</p> <p>8.3.1.7 Larkspur 134</p> <p>8.3.1.8 Tee Oil Plant 135</p> <p>8.3.1.9 Chaste Tree 136</p> <p>8.3.1.10 Chinese Sumac 137</p> <p>8.3.1.11 Limoniastrum Monopetalum 137</p> <p>8.3.1.12 Yerba Mate 137</p> <p>8.3.1.13 Camphor Tree 138</p> <p>8.3.1.14 Basil 139</p> <p>8.3.1.15 Fennel 139</p> <p>8.3.1.16 Indian Paper Plant 140</p> <p>8.3.1.17 Guava 140</p> <p>8.3.1.18 Scarlet Sage 141</p> <p>8.3.1.19 Sandalwood 142</p> <p>8.3.1.20 Centaury 142</p> <p>8.4 Extraction Methodology 144</p> <p>8.4.1 Conventional Methods 145</p> <p>8.4.2 Modern Methods 146</p> <p>8.5 Exploration of New Plants Using Modern Tools to Maintain Sustainability 150</p> <p>8.5.1 Harmal 150</p> <p>8.5.2 Saffron 152</p> <p>8.5.3 Madder 152</p> <p>8.5.4 Safflower 153</p> <p>8.5.5 Arjun 154</p> <p>8.5.6 Chicken Gizzard 156</p> <p>8.5.7 Red Calico 156</p> <p>8.5.8 Golden Duranta 157</p> <p>8.5.9 Marigold 157</p> <p>8.5.10 Milk Weed 159</p> <p>8.5.11 Neem 160</p> <p>8.6 Conclusion 161</p> <p>Acknowledgment 161</p> <p>References 161</p> <p><b>9 A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Coloring Potential of Lawsonia inermis 169<br /></b><i>Mohd Yusuf</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 169</p> <p>9.2 Phytochemistry 171</p> <p>9.2.1 Phenolics 171</p> <p>9.2.1.2 Naphthoquinones 171</p> <p>9.2.1.3 Naphthalenes 172</p> <p>9.2.1.4 Acetylenes 173</p> <p>9.2.1.5 Alkyl Phenones 174</p> <p>9.2.1.6 Xanthones 175</p> <p>9.2.1.7 Coumarins 175</p> <p>9.2.1.8 Tannins 176</p> <p>9.2.1.9 Lignans 176</p> <p>9.2.1.10 Others 176</p> <p>9.2.2 Terpenoids 178</p> <p>9.2.3 Steroids 178</p> <p>9.2.4 Alkaloids 178</p> <p>9.2.5 Miscellaneous Compounds 179</p> <p>9.3 Pharmacological Potential 181</p> <p>9.4 Coloring Potential 182</p> <p>9.5 Conclusion and Future Outlook 184</p> <p>References 184</p> <p><b>10 Sustainable Application of Natural Dyes in Cosmetic Industry 189<br /></b><i>Shahid Adeel, Shazia Abrar, Shumaila Kiran,,Tahir Farooq, Tahsin Gulzar and Mubeen Jamal</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 190</p> <p>10.2 Classification of Natural Dyes 191</p> <p>10.2.1 Sources of Origin 191</p> <p>10.2.1.1 Plant Origin 191</p> <p>10.2.1.2 Animal Origin 195</p> <p>10.2.1.3 Mineral Origin 195</p> <p>10.2.1.4 Microbial Origin 195</p> <p>10.3 Application of Natural Dyes in Cosmetics 196</p> <p>10.3.1 Natural Lip Cosmetics 196</p> <p>10.3.2 Natural Hair Dyes 197</p> <p>10.4 Methods of Application as Hair Colorant 199</p> <p>10.5 Natural Dyes as Hair Colorant 200</p> <p>10.5.1 Henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn) 200</p> <p>10.5.2 Indigo (Indigoferatinctoria) 202</p> <p>10.5.3 Shoe Flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) 203</p> <p>10.5.4 Amla (EmblicaofficinalisLinn) 205</p> <p>10.5.5 Beet (Beta Vulgaris) 206</p> <p>10.6 Advantages/Merits 206</p> <p>10.7 Disadvantages/Demerits 207</p> <p>10.8 Conclusion 207</p> <p>Acknowledgments 208</p> <p>References 208</p> <p><b>11 Application of Natural Dyes to Cotton and Jute Textiles: Science and Technology and Environmental Issues 213<br /></b><i>Ashis Kumar Samanta</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 214</p> <p>11.2 Extraction of Color Solution from the Sources of Natural Dyes 216</p> <p>11.3 Purification of Selected Natural Dyes 216</p> <p>11.4 Testing and Characterization of Purified Natural Dyes Before its Application to Textiles 217</p> <p>11.4.1 UV-VIS Spectral Analysis of Aqueous Extracted Solution of Natural Dyes 217</p> <p>11.4.2 FTIR Spectral Analysis 217</p> <p>11.4.3 Analysis of DSC-Thermo Grams 218</p> <p>11.5 Mechanism of Complex Formation Amongst Dye-Mordant and Fiber for Fixation of Natural Dyes on Different Fibers 221</p> <p>11.6 Technological Aspects of Natural Dyeing to Cotton and Jute: Effect of Different Mordants 226</p> <p>11.6.2 Effect of Selective Single and Double Mordanting on Jute and Cotton Fabrics for Natural Dyeing 227</p> <p>11.6.2 Effect of Dyeing Process Variables for Optimizing the Dyeing Conditions 245</p> <p>11.7 Study of Dyeing Kinetics for Dyeing Jack fruit Wood on Cotton and Jute fabrics 254</p> <p>11.7.2 Dye Affinity 255</p> <p>11.7.3 Dyeing Absorption Isotherm 257</p> <p>11.7.4 Heat (Enthalpy) of Dyeing 260</p> <p>11.7.5 Entropy of Dyeing and Gibb’s Free Energy 261</p> <p>11.8 Study of Compatibility of Binary and Ternary Mixture of Natural dyes to Obtain Compound Shade 262</p> <p>11.9 Test of Compatibility for Selected Binary Mixture of Natural Dyes 263</p> <p>11.9.2 Newer Proposed Method of Test of Compatibility (Method-II) 264</p> <p>11.9 Some Recent Studies on Natural Dyes for Textiles 274</p> <p>11.10 Conclusions 275</p> <p>References 276</p> <p><b>12 Bio-Colorants as Photosensitizers for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) 279<br /></b><i>Pooja Agarwal, Mohd Yusuf, Shafat Ahmed Khan and Lalit Prasad</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 279</p> <p>12.2 Operational Principle of the DSSCs 281</p> <p>12.3 DSSC Components 283</p> <p>12.3.1 Semiconductor Film Electrode 283</p> <p>12.3.2 Electrolyte 285</p> <p>12.3.2.1 Liquid Electrolyte 285</p> <p>12.3.2.2 Solid State Electrolytes 287</p> <p>12.3.2.3 Quasi-Solid Electrolyte 287</p> <p>12.3.3 Counter Electrode 288</p> <p>12.3.4 Photosensitizers 289</p> <p>12.3.4.1 Metal Complex Sensitizer 289</p> <p>12.3.4.2 Metal-Free Organic Sensitizer 290</p> <p>12.3.4.3 Natural Sensitizer/Natural Dye/Natural Pigments 291</p> <p>12.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook 297</p> <p>References 298</p> <p><b>Part III: Advanced Materials and Technologies for Coloration and Finishing 301</b></p> <p><b>13 Advanced Materials and Technologies for Antimicrobial Finishing of Cellulosic Textiles 303<br /></b><i>Nabil A. Ibrahim, Basma M. Eid and Faten H. H. Abdellatif</i></p> <p>13.1 Cellulosic Fibers 303</p> <p>13.2 Wet Processing of Cellulosic Textiles 304</p> <p>13.2.1 Pre-treatment 304</p> <p>13.2.2 Coloration 306</p> <p>13.2.3 Finishing 306</p> <p>13.3 Antimicrobial Finishing of Cellulosic Textiles 307</p> <p>13.3.1 Criteria for Proper Antimicrobial Agents 310</p> <p>13.3.2 Best Available Techniques 310</p> <p>13.4 Traditional Antimicrobial Finishing Chemicals, Application Method, Disadvantages 311</p> <p>13.4.1 Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents 311</p> <p>13.4.1.1 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds 311</p> <p>13.4.1.2 Poly (hexamethylenebiguanide) (PHMB) 312</p> <p>13.4.1.3 N-Halamine Compounds 313</p> <p>13.4.1.4 Triclosan 314</p> <p>13.4.2 Natural Antimicrobial Agents 314</p> <p>13.4.2.1 Chitosan 315</p> <p>13.5 Advanced Antimicrobial Agents 320</p> <p>13.5.1 Antimicrobial Agent Based on Natural Products 320</p> <p>13.5.2 Advanced Antimicrobial Agents Based on Nano-materials 327</p> <p>13.5.2.1 Silver Nanoparticles AgNPs 329</p> <p>13.5.2.2 Tianium Dioxide Nanoparticle (TiO2NPs) 333</p> <p>13.5.2.3 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) 335</p> <p>13.5.2.4 Cuprousoxide Nanoparticle (Cu2ONPs) 335</p> <p>13.5.3 Nan composites and Hybrid Materials 336</p> <p>13.6 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Products 336</p> <p>13.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects 336</p> <p>Reference 345</p> <p><b>14 Bio-macromolecules: A New Flame Retardant Finishing Strategy for Textiles 357<br /></b><i>Giulio Malucelli</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 357</p> <p>14.2 The Role of Bio-macromolecules as Flame Retardant Systems: Structure-Property Relationships 363</p> <p>14.2.1 Whey Proteins 364</p> <p>14.2.2 Caseins 367</p> <p>14.2.3 Hydrophobins 371</p> <p>14.2.4 Nucleic Acids 374</p> <p>14.2.5 Other Bio-macromolecules: A Quick Recent Overview 380</p> <p>14.3 Current Limitations 381</p> <p>14.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 382</p> <p>Acknowledgements 382</p> <p>Reference 383</p> <p><b>15 Significant Trends in Nano Finishes for Improvement of Functional Properties of Fabrics 387<br /></b><i>N. Gokarneshan and K. Velumani</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 388</p> <p>15.2 Significance of Nanotechnology 389</p> <p>15.3 Application of Nanotechnology in Textiles 389</p> <p>15.4 Nanotechnology for Improved Fabric Finishing 392</p> <p>15.5 Problem Associated with Nanotechnology 393</p> <p>15.6 Nano Safe Textile Finishes with Papaya Peel and Silver 393</p> <p>15.6.1 Overview 393</p> <p>15.6.2 Related Aspects 393</p> <p>15.6.3 Analysis of UV Visible Spectra 394</p> <p>15.6.4 Dynamic Light Scattering 395</p> <p>15.6.5 Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Textile Material 396</p> <p>15.7 Plasma Induced Finishes for Multifunctional Properties 397</p> <p>15.7.1 Overview 397</p> <p>15.7.2 Related Aspects 397</p> <p>15.7.3 Ultra Violet Protection 398</p> <p>15.7.4 Flame Retardant Properties 399</p> <p>15.7.5 Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis 400</p> <p>15.7.6 Morphology of Surface 401</p> <p>15.7.7 Antibacterial Properties 401</p> <p>15.7.8 Crease Recovery Angle 401</p> <p>15.7.9 Surface Chemical Changes 402</p> <p>15.7.10 Tensile Properties 403</p> <p>15.8 Nano Finishes Adopting Green Approach 403</p> <p>15.8.1 Overview 403</p> <p>15.8.2 Related Aspects 403</p> <p>15.8.3 Release of Silver Nano Particle 405</p> <p>15.8.4 Anti-Microbial Activity 405</p> <p>15.9 Multi Functional Nano Finish on Denim Fabrics 406</p> <p>15.9.1 Overview 406</p> <p>15.9.2 Related Aspects 407</p> <p>15.9.3 Characterization of Nanoparticles 408</p> <p>15.9.4 Characterization of Treated Fabric 408</p> <p>15.10 Role of Silk Sericin in Nano Finishing with Silver Particles 410</p> <p>15.10.1 Overview 410</p> <p>15.10.2 Related Aspects 411</p> <p>15.10.3 Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles 411</p> <p>15.10.4 Importance of Sericin asCapping Agent 412</p> <p>15.10.5 Application of Silver Nano Particles as Antibacterial Agent 413</p> <p>15.11 Improvement in Coloration and Antimicrobial Properties in Silk Fabrics with Aqueous Binders 413</p> <p>15.11.1 Overview 413</p> <p>15.11.2 Related Aspects 414</p> <p>15.11.3 Analysis of Polyurethane Acrylate 414</p> <p>15.11.4 Influence of PUA Concentration on K/S Value 415</p> <p>15.11.5 Influence of Titanium Dioxide Concentration on K/S Value 415</p> <p>15.11.6 UV Protection 415</p> <p>15.11.7 Antimicrobial Property 416</p> <p>15.11.8 Wrinkle Resistance 417</p> <p>15.11.9 Fiber Surface 417</p> <p>15.11.10 Fastness Properties 417</p> <p>15.12 Nanoparticles for Improving Flame Retardant Properties of Fabrics 418</p> <p>15.13 Application of Herbal Synthesized Silver Nano Particles on Cotton Fabric 420</p> <p>15.14 Conclusion 422</p> <p>References 423</p> <p><b>16 Rot Resistance and Antimicrobial Finish of Cotton Khadi Fabrics 435<br /></b><i>Tapas Ranjan Kar</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 436</p> <p>16.2 Anti Microbial Treatment 439</p> <p>16.3 Some Important Study on Eco-friendly Antimicrobial Finishing of Cotton Khadi Fabric 440</p> <p>16.3.2 Reaction Scheme 445</p> <p>16.3.3 Crease Recovery and Stiffness 453</p> <p>16.3.4 Appearance Properties 455</p> <p>16.4 Effect of Varying Concentration Level of Chitosan and PEG for Application of Mixture of Chitosan and PEG on Microbial and Other Properties of Cotton Khadi Fabric with CA and SHP as Mixed Catalyst and Their Optimization 455</p> <p>16.5 Characterization of Control and Treated Cotton Fabrics by FTIR, TGA, and X-RD Analysis 460</p> <p>16.5.1 Analysis of FTIR Spectra for Untreated and Treated Cotton Khadi Fabric with PEG and its Mixture 460</p> <p>16.5.2 Characterization of Thermal Stability of the Control and Treated Fabric 463</p> <p>16.5.3 X-ray Diffraction of Untreated and Treated Fabrics with CA and SHP as Catalyst 465</p> <p>16.6 Study of Residual Antimicrobial Effect after Repeated Washing Cycles 466</p> <p>16.7 Analysis of Surface Properties by SEM 467</p> <p>16.8 Conclusion 467</p> <p>16.8.1 Ranking Index of Different Treatments on Loss of Tenacity and Antimicrobial Reduction Percentage Values 468</p> <p>Acknowledgement 469</p> <p>Reference 469</p> <p><b>17 Advanced Technologies for Coloration and Finishing Using Nanotechnology 473<br /></b><i>Abdul Azeez Nazeer, Saravanan Dhandapani and Sudarshana Deepa Vijaykumar</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 474</p> <p>17.2 Nanoparticles in Dyes 474</p> <p>17.2.1 Plasma Technology 475</p> <p>17.2.1.1 Coloration of Plasma-Treated Polyester Fibers 476</p> <p>17.2.1.2 Coloration of Plasma-Treated Wool Fibers 476</p> <p>17.2.1.3 Coloration of Plasma-Treated Cotton Fibers 476</p> <p>17.3 Nano Finishing 477</p> <p>17.3.1 Hydrophobic Finishing 477</p> <p>17.3.2 Antimicrobial Finishing 480</p> <p>17.3.3 Self Cleaning Finishing 482</p> <p>17.3.4 Flame Retardent 485</p> <p>17.3.5 UV Protecting Finishing 487</p> <p>17.3.6 Wrinkle Resistant 488</p> <p>17.4 Encapsulation Technology 489</p> <p>17.4.1 Application of Microcapsules on Textile Industry 495</p> <p>17.5 Conclusion 497</p> <p>References 497</p> <p><b>18 Sol–Gel Flame Retardant and/or Antimicrobial Finishings for Cellulosic Textiles 501<br /></b><i>Giulio Malucelli</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 502</p> <p>18.2 The Sol–Gel Process 504</p> <p>18.2.1 Sol–gel Fully Inorganic Coatings 506</p> <p>18.2.2 Phosphorus-Doped Sol–Gel Coatings 509</p> <p>18.2.3 Smoke Suppressant Sol–Gel Coating Formulations 510</p> <p>18.2.4 Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Sol–Gel Coatings 511</p> <p>18.2.5 Antibacterial Effects Provided by Sol–Gel Coatings 513</p> <p>18.3 Current Limitations 515</p> <p>18.4 Conclusions and Future Outlook 515</p> <p>References 516</p> <p><b>Part IV: Sustainability 521</b></p> <p><b>19 Sustainable Coloration and Value Addition to Textiles 523<br /></b><i>S. Basak, Kartick K. Samanta, S. K. Chattopadhyay and P. Pandit</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 524</p> <p>19.2 Sustainable Coloration of Textile Materials 525</p> <p>19.2.2 Naturally Colored Cotton 526</p> <p>18.2.3 Natural Dye from Plants 527</p> <p>19.2.4 Sustainable Synthetic Color 530</p> <p>19.2.5 Easy Care Finishing of Textile Products 531</p> <p>19.3 Antimicrobial Finishing of Textiles 532</p> <p>19.4 Flame Retardant Finishing of Textile 535</p> <p>19.5 UV Protective Textile 537</p> <p>19.6 Mosquito, Insect and Moth Repellent Finishing of Textile 538</p> <p>19.7 Irradiation-Induced Value Addition to Textiles 539</p> <p>19.8 Enzyme-Based Textile Pretreatment 540</p> <p>19.9 Bio-mimic Based Value Addition to Textile 541</p> <p>19.10 Conclusion and Future Outlook 543</p> <p>References 543</p> <p><b>20 Interconnection Between Biotechnology and Textile: A New Horizon of Sustainable Technology 549<br /></b><i>Aranya Mallick</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 549</p> <p>20.2 Influence of Bioprocess on Textile 550</p> <p>20.2.1 Fibers and Polymers 551</p> <p>20.2.1.1 Modified Cotton 551</p> <p>20.2.1.2 Biopolymers 552</p> <p>20.2.1.3 Thermoplastic Polymers Derived from Natural Sources 555</p> <p>20.2.2 Pretreatment 557</p> <p>20.2.2.1 Desizing 558</p> <p>20.2.2.2 Scouring 559</p> <p>20.2.2.3 Bleaching 559</p> <p>20.2.2.4 Peroxide Killing 559</p> <p>20.2.3 Dyes and Dyeing 560</p> <p>20.2.3.1 Natural Dyes and Dyeing 560</p> <p>20.2.3.2 Bacteria Derived Pigments 561</p> <p>20.2.4 After or Post-treatment 561</p> <p>20.2.5 Decolorization of Textile Dyes Waste 562</p> <p>20.2.6 Biosurfactants 563</p> <p>20.2.7 Antimicrobial Activities and the Tests 563</p> <p>20.2.8 Textile Detergent 565</p> <p>20.3 Influence of Textile on Biotechnology 565</p> <p>20.3.1 Filtration 565</p> <p>20.3.2 Immobilization 565</p> <p>20.3.3 Protective Textile 567</p> <p>20.3.3.1 Air Permeable Material 567</p> <p>20.3.3.2 Semipermeable Material 567</p> <p>20.3.3.3 Impermeable Material 567</p> <p>20.3.3.4 Selective Permeable Membrane 568</p> <p>20.4 Conclusion 568</p> <p>References 568</p> <p>Index 000</p>
<p><b>Mohd Yusuf</b> received his PhD from the Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India in 2013. He is now an Assistant Professor at D/O Chemistry, YMD College, M. D. University, Nuh, Haryana, India. He has published more than 40 publications including research and review articles, as well as book chapters in edited volumes.
<p><b>The purpose of this unique handbook is to provide reference material that includes basic principles and current developments in the field of natural coloration and finishing.</b> <p>A sustainable world requires the utilization of renewable materials or resources that can be produced in huge quantities for a wide range of applications. To adopt the use of active materials for textile coloration and finishing, they should reach the technical demands of the modern world such as eco-preservation, economic and ecological requirements by which, equity and sustainability might be considered. Therefore, there is a need to discuss and understand the challenges and solutions of textile coloration and functional finishing methodologies. <p>The 20 chapters comprising the <i>Handbook of Renewable Materials for Coloration and Finishing</i> are divided into four segments: Substrates for Coloration and Finishing; Renewable Colorants and their Applications; Advanced Materials and Technologies for Coloration; and Finishing and Sustainability. <p>Part I contains three chapters that overview the systematic discussion on the suitability, physical, chemical and processing aspects of substrates for coloration and finishing. Part II includes nine chapters and covers in-depth arguments on renewable colorants and their various applications including a chapter on bio-colorant's application as photosensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells. Part III contains five chapters in which modern advancements and processing methods/technologies for coloration and functional finishing are presented comprehensively. Part IV contains two chapters that provide sustainable aspects of coloration and finishing. <p><b>Audience</b> <p>The book will be used by textile chemists and engineers, green chemists, materials scientists working with renewable materials. The book will also be used by those in industry and clothing manufacturing working with textiles, dyes and pigments.

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