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Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering, Volume 1


Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering, Volume 1


1. Aufl.

von: Myer Kutz

337,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 04.12.2015
ISBN/EAN: 9781118446959
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 1024

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>A multidisciplinary reference of engineering measurement tools, techniques, and applications—Volume 1</b></p> <p>"When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science." <i>— Lord Kelvin</i></p> <p>Measurement falls at the heart of any engineering discipline and job function. Whether engineers are attempting to state requirements quantitatively and demonstrate compliance; to track progress and predict results; or to analyze costs and benefits, they must use the right tools and techniques to produce meaningful, useful data.</p> <p>The <i>Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering</i> is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference set on engineering measurements—beyond anything on the market today. Encyclopedic in scope, <i>Volume 1</i> spans several disciplines—Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, and Industrial Engineering—and covers:</p> <ul> <li>New Measurement Techniques in Structural Health Monitoring</li> <li>Traffic Congestion Management</li> <li>Measurements in Environmental Engineering</li> <li>Dimensions, Surfaces, and Their Measurement</li> <li>Luminescent Method for Pressure Measurement</li> <li>Vibration Measurement</li> <li>Temperature Measurement</li> <li>Force Measurement</li> <li>Heat Transfer Measurements for Non-Boiling Two-Phase Flow</li> <li>Solar Energy Measurements</li> <li>Human Movement Measurements</li> <li>Physiological Flow Measurements</li> <li>GIS and Computer Mapping</li> <li>Seismic Testing of Highway Bridges</li> <li>Hydrology Measurements</li> <li>Mobile Source Emissions Testing</li> <li>Mass Properties Measurement</li> <li>Resistive Strain Measurement Devices</li> <li>Acoustics Measurements</li> <li>Pressure and Velocity Measurements</li> <li>Heat Flux Measurement</li> <li>Wind Energy Measurements</li> <li>Flow Measurement</li> <li>Statistical Quality Control</li> <li>Industrial Energy Efficiency</li> <li>Industrial Waste Auditing</li> </ul> <p>Vital for engineers, scientists, and technical managers in industry and government, <i>Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering</i> will also prove ideal for members of major engineering associations and academics and researchers at universities and laboratories.</p>
<p><b>VOLUME 1</b></p> <p>PREFACE xxiii</p> <p>CONTRIBUTORS xxvii</p> <p><b>PART I CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1</b></p> <p><b>1 New and Emerging Technologies in Structural Health Monitoring 3</b><br /> <i>Merit Enckell, Jacob Egede Andersen, Branko Glisic, and Johan Silfwerbrand</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction, 5</p> <p>1.2 Background, 6</p> <p>1.3 New and Emerging Technologies, 8</p> <p>1.4 Fiber-Optic Technology, 16</p> <p>1.5 Acoustic Emission, 24</p> <p>1.6 Radar Technology, 27</p> <p>1.7 Global Positioning System, 31</p> <p>1.8 Corrosion Monitoring Systems, 33</p> <p>1.9 Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) Systems, 35</p> <p>1.10 Components of Structural Health Monitoring System, 37</p> <p>1.11 Structural Health Monitoring System Design, 41</p> <p>1.12 System Procurement and Installation, 44</p> <p>1.13 Application of Structural Health Monitoring Systems, 47</p> <p>1.14 Discussion, 67</p> <p>1.15 Conclusion, 69</p> <p>Acknowledgments, 70</p> <p>References, 71</p> <p><b>2 Applications of GIS in Engineering Measurements 79</b><br /> <i>Gary S. Spring</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction, 79</p> <p>2.2 Background, 80</p> <p>2.3 Basic Principles of GIS, 81</p> <p>2.4 Measurement-Based GIS Applications, 96</p> <p>2.5 Implementation Issues, 97</p> <p>2.6 Conclusion, 100</p> <p>References, 102</p> <p><b>3 Traffic Congestion Management 105</b><br /> <i>Nagui M. Rouphail</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction and Background, 105</p> <p>3.2 Scope of the Chapter, 106</p> <p>3.3 Organization of the Chapter, 107</p> <p>3.4 Fundamentals of Vehicle Emission Estimation, 107</p> <p>3.5 Inventory of Traffic Congestion Management Methods, 112</p> <p>3.6 Assessing Emission Impacts of Traffic Congestion Management, 119</p> <p>3.7 Summary, 128</p> <p>Acknowledgments, 129</p> <p>References, 129</p> <p><b>4 Seismic Testing of Highway Bridges 133</b><br /> <i>Eric V. Monzon, Ahmad M. Itani, and Gokhan Pekcan</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction, 133</p> <p>4.2 Similitude Requirements, 134</p> <p>4.3 Specimen Fabrication, 141</p> <p>4.4 Input Motion, 148</p> <p>4.5 Instrumentation, 150</p> <p>4.6 Data Acquisition and Processing, 155</p> <p>4.7 Results, 157</p> <p>References, 158</p> <p><b>5 Measurements in Environmental Engineering 159</b><br /> <i>Daniel A. Vallero</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction, 159</p> <p>5.2 Environmental Sampling Approaches, 166</p> <p>5.3 Laboratory Analysis, 169</p> <p>5.4 Measurement Uncertainty, 183</p> <p>5.5 Measurement Decision Making, 186</p> <p>5.6 Environmental Indicators, 191</p> <p>5.7 Extending Measurement Data Using Models, 199</p> <p>5.8 Summary, 200</p> <p>Nomenclature, 200</p> <p>References, 202</p> <p><b>6 Hydrology Measurements 205</b><br /> <i>Todd C. Rasmussen</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction, 206</p> <p>6.2 Precipitation, 209</p> <p>6.3 Evapotranspiration, 212</p> <p>6.4 Surface Flow, 216</p> <p>6.5 Groundwater, 219</p> <p>6.6 Soil Water, 223</p> <p>6.7 Water Quality, 226</p> <p>Suggested Readings, 231</p> <p><b>7 Mobile Source Emissions Testing 233</b><br /> <i>Mohan Venigalla</i></p> <p>7.1 Testing for Regulatory Compliance, 234</p> <p>References, 240</p> <p><b>PART II MECHANICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 241</b></p> <p><b>8 Dimensions, Surfaces, and their Measurement 243</b><br /> <i>Mikell P. Groover</i></p> <p>8.1 Dimensions, Tolerances, and Related Attributes, 244</p> <p>8.2 Conventional Measuring Instruments and Gages, 245</p> <p>8.3 Surfaces, 254</p> <p>References, 256</p> <p><b>9 Mass Properties Measurement 259</b><br /> <i>David Tellet</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction, 260</p> <p>9.2 Mass and Weight, 262</p> <p>9.3 Measurement Methodology, 264</p> <p>9.4 Weight and Mass Measurement, 274</p> <p>9.5 Center of Gravity Measurement, 275</p> <p>9.6 MOI Measurement, 280</p> <p>9.7 POI Measurement, 284</p> <p>9.8 Measuring Large Vehicles, 287</p> <p>9.9 Sources of Uncertainty, 292</p> <p>References, 300</p> <p><b>10 Force Measurement 301</b><br /> <i>Patrick Collins</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction, 302</p> <p>10.2 Force Transducers, 303</p> <p>10.3 Universal Testing Machines, 306</p> <p>10.4 The Strain Gauge Sensor, 307</p> <p>10.5 Resonant Element Transducers, 311</p> <p>10.6 Surface Acoustic Wave Transducers, 314</p> <p>10.7 Dynamometers, 317</p> <p>10.8 Optical Force Transducers, 317</p> <p>10.9 Magneto-Elastic Transducers, 320</p> <p>10.10 Force Balance Transducers, 321</p> <p>10.11 Force Transducer Characteristics, 321</p> <p>10.12 Calibration, 323</p> <p>10.13 Conclusion, 329</p> <p>Glossary of Terms, 329</p> <p>References, 340</p> <p><b>11 Resistive Strain Measurement Devices 343</b><br /> <i>Mark Tuttle</i></p> <p>11.1 Preliminary Discussion, 343</p> <p>11.2 Resistance Metal Strain Gages, 349</p> <p>11.3 Semiconductor Strain Gages, 363</p> <p>11.4 Liquid Metal Strain Gages, 365</p> <p>References, 366</p> <p><b>12 Vibration Measurement 367</b><br /> <i>Sheryl M. Gracewski and Nigel D. Ramoutar</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction, 367</p> <p>12.2 One-Degree-of-Freedom System Response, 369</p> <p>12.3 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems and the Frequency Response Function, 373</p> <p>12.4 Vibration Measurement Equipment and Techniques, 388</p> <p>12.5 Experimental Modal Analysis, 405</p> <p>12.6 Applications of Vibration Measurement, 423</p> <p>Nomenclature, 428</p> <p>References, 431</p> <p><b>13 Acoustical Measurements 433</b><br /> <i>Brian E. Anderson, Jonathan D. Blotter, Kent L. Gee, and Scott D. Sommerfeldt</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction, 434</p> <p>13.2 Fundamental Measures, 436</p> <p>13.3 Microphones, 445</p> <p>13.4 Sound Pressure Level Measurements, 451</p> <p>13.5 Measurement of Sound Isolation, 454</p> <p>13.6 Room Acoustics Measurements, 457</p> <p>13.7 Community and Environmental Noise, 463</p> <p>13.8 Sound Intensity Measurements, 465</p> <p>13.9 Sound Power Measurements, 472</p> <p>13.10 Sound Exposure Measurements, 476</p> <p>References, 479</p> <p><b>14 Temperature Measurement 483</b><br /> <i>Peter R. N. Childs</i></p> <p>Summary, 484</p> <p>14.1 Introduction, 484</p> <p>14.2 Selection, 487</p> <p>14.3 Invasive Temperature Measurement, 489</p> <p>14.4 Semi-Invasive Methods, 511</p> <p>14.5 Noninvasive Methods, 514</p> <p>14.6 Conclusions, 519</p> <p>Nomenclature, 519</p> <p>References, 521</p> <p><b>15 Pressure and Velocity Measurements 527</b><br /> <i>Richard S. Figliola and Donald E. Beasley</i></p> <p>15.1 Pressure Concepts, 528</p> <p>15.2 Pressure Reference Instruments, 530</p> <p>15.3 Pressure Transducers, 536</p> <p>15.4 Pressure Transducer Calibration, 543</p> <p>15.5 Pressure Measurements in Moving Fluids, 544</p> <p>15.6 Modeling Pressure and Fluid Systems, 548</p> <p>15.7 Design and Installation: Transmission Effects, 548</p> <p>15.8 Fluid Velocity Measuring Systems, 552</p> <p>Nomenclature, 563</p> <p>References, 564</p> <p><b>16 Luminescent Method for Pressure Measurement 567</b><br /> <i>Gamal E. Khalil, Jim W. Crafton, Sergey D. Fonov, Marvin Sellers, and Dana Dabiri</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction, 567</p> <p>16.2 Principles of Pressure-Sensitive Paint, 569</p> <p>16.3 Pressure-Sensitive Luminescent Dyes, 571</p> <p>16.4 PSP Polymer and Binder, 572</p> <p>16.5 Measurement Methods, 574</p> <p>16.6 Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurements, 588</p> <p>Acknowledgments, 611</p> <p>References, 612</p> <p><b>17 Flow Measurement 615</b><br /> <i>Jesse Yoder</i></p> <p>17.1 New-Technology and Traditional Technology Flowmeters, 616</p> <p>17.2 Trends in Flow Measurement, 627</p> <p>Further Readings, 628</p> <p><b>18 Heat Flux Measurement 629</b><br /> <i>Thomas E. Diller</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction, 630</p> <p>18.2 Important Issues, 631</p> <p>18.3 Gages Based on Spatial Temperature Difference, 634</p> <p>18.4 Gages Based on Temperature Change with Time, 643</p> <p>18.5 Gages Based on Active Heating Methods, 648</p> <p>18.6 Calibration and Errors, 653</p> <p>References, 655</p> <p><b>19 Heat Transfer Measurements for Nonboiling Two-Phase Flow 661</b><br /> <i>Afshin J. Ghajar and Clement C. Tang</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction, 661</p> <p>19.2 Experimental Setup for Horizontal and Slightly Inclined Pipes, 662</p> <p>19.3 Instruments for Measurement and Data Acquisition, 666</p> <p>19.4 Heat Transfer Experiment Procedures, 667</p> <p>19.5 Verifying the Functionality of the Experimental Setup, 670</p> <p>19.6 Experimental Results of Two-Phase Flow, 673</p> <p>19.7 Concluding Remarks, 682</p> <p>Nomenclature, 683</p> <p>References, 684</p> <p><b>20 Solar Energy Measurements 687</b><br /> <i>Tariq Muneer and Yieng Wei Tham</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction, 688</p> <p>20.2 Measurement Equipment, 694</p> <p>20.3 Equipment Error and Uncertainty, 703</p> <p>20.4 Operational Errors, 704</p> <p>20.5 Diffuse Radiation Data Measurement Errors, 704</p> <p>20.6 Types of Sensors and their Accuracy, 711</p> <p>20.7 Modern Developments, 711</p> <p>20.8 Data Quality Assessment, 714</p> <p>20.9 Statistical Evaluation of Models, 716</p> <p>20.10 Outlier Analysis, 722</p> <p>Acknowledgments, 722</p> <p>References, 723</p> <p><b>21 Wind Energy Measurements 727</b><br /> <i>Peter Gregg</i></p> <p>21.1 Introduction, 728</p> <p>21.2 Concepts, 728</p> <p>21.3 Measurements, 731</p> <p>21.4 Evaluation, 739</p> <p>References, 747</p> <p><b>22 Human Movement Measurements 749</b><br /> <i>Rahman Davoodi</i></p> <p>22.1 Introduction, 749</p> <p>22.2 Characterization of Human Movement, 750</p> <p>22.3 Optical Motion Capture Systems, 751</p> <p>22.4 Magnetic Motion Capture Systems, 754</p> <p>22.5 Inertial Motion Capture Systems, 756</p> <p>22.6 Discussion, 761</p> <p>Acknowledgment, 762</p> <p>References, 762</p> <p><b>23 Flow Measurement 765</b><br /> <i>Arnold A. Fontaine, Keefe B. Manning, and Steven Deutsch</i></p> <p>23.1 Introduction, 765</p> <p>23.2 Flow Measurement Applications, 768</p> <p>References, 799</p> <p><b>PART III INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 803</b></p> <p><b>24 Statistical Quality Control 805</b><br /> <i>Magd E. Zohdi</i></p> <p>24.1 Measurements and Quality Control, 805</p> <p>24.2 Dimension and Tolerance, 805</p> <p>24.3 Quality Control, 806</p> <p>24.4 Interrelationship of Tolerances of Assembled Products, 812</p> <p>24.5 Operation Characteristic (OC) Curve, 812</p> <p>24.6 Control Charts for Attributes, 812</p> <p>24.7 Acceptance Sampling, 815</p> <p>24.8 Defense Department Acceptance Sampling by Variables, 817</p> <p>Further Readings, 817</p> <p><b>25 Evaluating and Selecting Technology-Based Projects 819</b><br /> <i>Hans J. Thamhain</i></p> <p>25.1 Management Perspective, 819</p> <p>25.2 Quantitative Approaches, 821</p> <p>25.3 Qualitative Approaches, 826</p> <p>25.4 Recommendations, 828</p> <p>Variables and Abbreviations, 831</p> <p>References, 831</p> <p><b>26 Manufacturing Systems Evaluation 833</b><br /> <i>Walter W. Olson</i></p> <p>26.1 Introduction, 833</p> <p>26.2 Components of Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing, 834</p> <p>26.3 Manufacturing Systems, 835</p> <p>26.4 System Effects on ECM, 838</p> <p>26.5 Assessment, 840</p> <p>26.6 Summary, 844</p> <p>References, 845</p> <p><b>27 Measuring Performance of Chemical Process Equipment 847</b><br /> <i>Alan Cross</i></p> <p>27.1 Introduction, 847</p> <p>27.2 Direct Fired Heater Measurement and Process Control</p> <p>Instrumentation, 848</p> <p>27.3 Crushing and Grinding Equipment Measurements, 851</p> <p>References, 858</p> <p><b>28 Industrial Energy Efficiency 859</b><br /> <i>B. Gopalakrishnan, D. P. Gupta, Y. Mardikar, and S. Chaudhari</i></p> <p>28.1 Introduction, 860</p> <p>28.2 Literature Review, 863</p> <p>28.3 Data Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures, 864</p> <p>28.4 Energy Efficiency Measures in Major Energy Consuming</p> <p>Equipment, 872</p> <p>28.5 Case Studies of Development of Energy-Efficiency Measures, 879</p> <p>28.6 Conclusion, 881</p> <p>Acknowledgments, 881</p> <p>References, 881</p> <p><b>29 Industrial Waste Auditing 885</b><br /> <i>C. Visvanathan</i></p> <p>29.1 Overview, 885</p> <p>29.2 Waste-Minimization Programs, 886</p> <p>29.3 Waste-Minimization Cycle, 888</p> <p>29.4 Waste Auditing, 890</p> <p>29.5 Conclusion, 909</p> <p>Further Readings, 910</p> <p><b>30 Organizational Performance Measurement 911</b><br /> <i>Jennifer A. Farris, Eileen M. Van Aken, and Geert Letens</i></p> <p>30.1 Introduction, 911</p> <p>30.2 Summary, 940</p> <p>References, 940</p> <p>INDEX</p> <p> </p>
<p><b>MYER KUTZ</b> holds engineering degrees from MIT and RPI. He was vice president and general manager of Wiley's STM Division and has consulted and/or authored for most of the major professional and technical publishing houses. He is the author of nine books and the editor of more than a dozen handbooks.</p>
<p><b>A multidisciplinary reference of engineering measurement tools, techniques, and applications—Volume 1</b></p> <p>"When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science." <i>— Lord Kelvin</i></p> <p>Measurement falls at the heart of any engineering discipline and job function. Whether engineers are attempting to state requirements quantitatively and demonstrate compliance; to track progress and predict results; or to analyze costs and benefits, they must use the right tools and techniques to produce meaningful, useful data.</p> <p>The <i>Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering</i> is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference set on engineering measurements—beyond anything on the market today. Encyclopedic in scope, <i>Volume 1</i> spans several disciplines—Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, and Industrial Engineering—and covers:</p> <ul> <li>New Measurement Techniques in Structural Health Monitoring</li> <li>Traffic Congestion Management</li> <li>Measurements in Environmental Engineering</li> <li>Dimensions, Surfaces, and Their Measurement</li> <li>Luminescent Method for Pressure Measurement</li> <li>Vibration Measurement</li> <li>Temperature Measurement</li> <li>Force Measurement</li> <li>Heat Transfer Measurements for Non-Boiling Two-Phase Flow</li> <li>Solar Energy Measurements</li> <li>Human Movement Measurements</li> <li>Physiological Flow Measurements</li> <li>GIS and Computer Mapping</li> <li>Seismic Testing of Highway Bridges</li> <li>Hydrology Measurements</li> <li>Mobile Source Emissions Testing</li> <li>Mass Properties Measurement</li> <li>Resistive Strain Measurement Devices</li> <li>Acoustics Measurements</li> <li>Pressure and Velocity Measurements</li> <li>Heat Flux Measurement</li> <li>Wind Energy Measurements</li> <li>Flow Measurement</li> <li>Statistical Quality Control</li> <li>Industrial Energy Efficiency</li> <li>Industrial Waste Auditing</li> </ul> <p>Vital for engineers, scientists, and technical managers in industry and government, <i>Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering</i> will also prove ideal for members of major engineering associations and academics and researchers at universities and laboratories.</p>

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