Details

Global Livestock Health Policy

Challenges, Opportunties and Strategies for Effective Action
1. Aufl.

von: Robert F. Kahrs
116,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	13.05.2008
ISBN/EAN:	9780470344774
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	336

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

Global Livestock Health Policy is designed to provide an understanding of the complexities of national and subnational animal and public health policies and how those policies impact domestic livestock industries. These policies shape domestic disease control programs, international trade, and food safety efforts. This book offers public policy makers and animal health officials in government and industry a foundation on which to institute scientifically sound national and subnational animal health programs; solidify infrastructures; enhance communication between legislators, regulators, and affected parties; and expedite international agreements for safe worldwide movement of animals and animal products in a global free market economy. Organized in eight free standing chapters which include case studies, a glossary and an epilogue, this arrangement leads readers progressively through the events and decisions underlying the present US and global animal health policy status, lays out challenges facing the US and other nations, describes the components of a credible and competitive animal health infrastructure, and puts forward strategies for achieving policies that are adaptable to global and domestic dynamics while addressing the multiple issues and interests bearing on animal health, animal welfare, and food safety. The case studies contain background information and questions for group discussions. The book is intended for use by animal health officials; agribusiness leaders; commodity groups; financial institutions; legislators and their staffs; importers and exporters of animals, animal products, biologics and pharmaceuticals; leadership of the regulatory, academic and diagnostic sectors of the agricultural and veterinary communities; consumers; or anyone else interested in protection, production, processing, and distribution of animals and related products.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acronyms xi Preface xv 1. Livestock Health Policy: the Basics 3 Introduction 3 What Are Global Livestock Health Policies? 4 How Are Livestock Health Policies Developed? 4 Driving Forces and Framers of Livestock Health Policies 5 Elements of the Global Livestock Health Policy Hierarchy 9 International Livestock Health Policies 12 Administration of Livestock Health Policies 12 Communication of Livestock Health Policies 13 Broad-Based Constituencies and Complex Issues Create Challenges 13 Complex Interactions Among Science Politics and Culture 13 Livestock Health Information Sources 23 The Crucial Role of Communication in Livestock Health Polices 23 Bibliography 24 2. Twentieth Century Progress and Change in Livestock Health 25 Introduction 25 Changing Livestock Production and Management Systems 26 Advances in Livestock Breeding and Reproductive Efficiency 27 Advances in Diagnosis and Control of Metabolic Diseases 30 Advances in Diagnosis and Control of Toxicologic Diseases 31 Advances in Diagnosis and Control of Parasitic Diseases 32 Advances in Diagnosis and Control of Infectious Diseases 33 Emergence of Antimicrobials in Livestock Health 35 Advances in Immunology 40 Improved Vaccines for Livestock Diseases 41 Progress Toward Understanding Vector-Borne Diseases 45 Emergence of Growth Promotants 45 Mechanized Systems for Processing Meat Poultry and Dairy Products 48 Improvements in Refrigeration and Transportation of Perishable Foods 50 Importance of Animal Health to Livestock Profitability, Human Health and Food Safety 50 Twentieth Century Global Dynamics’ Impact on National Economies, Livestock Health and Human Health 51 Progress Produces Challenges and Presents Opportunities 52 Bibliography 52 3. Thirty Years That Shaped Livestock Health Policy 55 Introduction 55 Impact of Outbreaks of FMD 55 Appearance of the TSEs 60 Increasing Attention to Emerging Diseases 63 New Disease-Control and Eradication Campaigns 63 Growing Importance of Captive and Free-Ranging Wildlife to Livestock Health 64 Globalization Movement and Livestock Health Policies 66 Formation of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) 67 Prerogatives Surrounding the WTO SPS Principles and International Standards 69 Growing Public Concern About Animal Welfare 69 Growing Consumer Concern About Food Safety 70 Growing Concern About the Environment 71 Application of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis to Livestock Health Disciplines 72 The Age of Information Technology (IT) 79 Emergence of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) 79 Bibliography 80 4. Components of Effective Livestock Health Infrastructures 83 Introduction 83 Regulatory Organization Authority and Responsibility 85 Establishing a Permanent Presence of Vigilant Livestock Owners and Veterinarians 85 Diagnostic Capacity 89 Diagnostic Laboratories in Exotic-Disease Exclusion 93 Disease-Control and Eradication Systems 93 Monitoring Surveillance and Reporting (MS&R) Systems 95 Credible International Livestock Health Reporting 101 Animal Health Information Systems 106 Animal Identification Systems 107 Biosecurity at National Borders Subnational Boundaries and Individual Properties 109 Emergency Livestock Disease Management 111 Oversight of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products 119 Linking the Private and Public Sectors of Livestock Health Activities 121 Academic and Diagnostic Communities in Livestock Health Infrastructures 128 User Fees and National Livestock Health Programs 128 Skillful Negotiators 129 Animal Science and Veterinary Medical Research Education and Outreach Programs 134 Broad-Based Livestock Health Partnerships 134 Livestock Health Organizations 135 External Reviews of National Livestock Health Infrastructures 135 Positive Media Relations 136 Summary 136 Bibliography 136 5. International Livestock Health Standards and Standard-Setting Organizations 139 Introduction 139 International Treaties Trade Agreements and Trading Blocs 140 International Standard-Setting Organizations 144 The WTO SPS Agreement 149 Dealing with Livestock Health Standards and Standard-Setting Organizations 163 Bibliography 165 6. Issues Surrounding Equitable Livestock Health Policies 167 Introduction 167 Objectives of Livestock Health Policies 168 Livestock Health Policies and the Welfare of Consumers 169 Livestock Health and Food Safety 169 Livestock Health Policies and the Well-Being of Livestock 171 Policies to Minimize the Impact of Domestic Livestock Diseases 172 Policies to Exclude Exotic Diseases 173 Assuring Safe and Effective Use of Livestock Drugs and Biologicals 174 Livestock Health Policies and the Prosperity of Livestock Owners and Associated Industries 174 Livestock Health Policies and Maintenance and Expansion of Global Markets 175 Characteristics of Competitive and Equitable Livestock Health Policies, 175 Developing Competitive and Equitable Livestock Health Policies 176 The Ever-Increasing Complexity of Livestock Health Policies 178 Governmental Administration of Livestock Health Policies 179 Legislative and Executive Authority Over Livestock Health Policies 182 Role of Special Interests 182 Use of Expert Panels 186 Positioning Compromise and Cooperation in Development of Livestock Health Policies 187 Bibliography 187 7. Challenges Facing Livestock Health in the Twenty-First Century 189 Introduction 189 Challenges in Food Safety 190 Protecting the Environment and Preserving Ecosystems 191 Potential Loss of the Cherished Small-Farm Lifestyle 192 Overcoming Public Concerns About GMOs 193 Challenges in Animal Welfare 194 Challenges in Deterring Terrorism 195 Challenges in Improving Management Practices 195 Challenges in Improving Monitoring Surveillance and Reporting (MS&R) 196 Challenges in Improving Animal Identification Systems 199 Challenges in Overcoming Increased Disease Risk of Confinement Operations 200 Gaining Support for Livestock Health Issues 201 Assuring the Safety Effectiveness and Availability of Animal Health Products 204 Addressing the Challenge of Global Food Distribution 205 Maintaining Support of Livestock Producers and Industry Organizations 205 Addressing Concerns of Opposition Groups 206 Balancing Legitimate Governmental Oversight With Excessive Central Control 206 Interacting Successfully With Varying Political and Cultural Viewpoints 206 Bibliography 208 8. A Look at the Future 209 Introduction 209 Predictable Twenty-First Century Trends 210 Unexpected Events and New Issues 210 Advancing Technology and Livestock Health Policies 211 Intensive Modernization of Livestock Production Practices 212 Changing Political and Cultural Dynamics 212 Changing Governmental Styles 214 Continued Resistance to Globalization 214 Concern With Emerging Diseases 215 Bioterrorism and Agroterrorism 215 Social and Environmental Expectations 216 Obligations and Challenges of National Leadership 216 Livestock Health: A Springboard to World Peace 216 International Egalitarianism and Resource Sharing 216 Public Perceptions and Scientific Uncertainty 217 Summary 217 Bibliography 218 9. Who Will Be the Leaders? 219 Introduction 219 Background of Leaders in Livestock Health 219 Leadership Skills and Abilities 220 Essential Communication Abilities and Skills 226 Interpersonal Skills 230 Running Effective Meetings 233 Who Will Be the Leaders? 234 Bibliography 234 10. Strategies for Effective Livestock Health Policy Action 237 Introduction 237 Foundation Stones of Livestock Health Policies 238 Building Blocks of Livestock Health Policies 244 Goals and Objectives of Livestock Health Policies 250 Seven Stages of Livestock Health Policy Development 251 Five-Tiered Hierarchy of Livestock Health Policy Development 253 Policy-Development Strategies 256 Effective Policy-Development Strategies 261 Major Categories of Livestock Health Policies 263 Strategies for Success in the New Global Economy 268 Summary 270 Bibliography 270 11. Discussion Topics 271 Introduction 271 Use of the Discussion Topics 271 Discussion Strategies 272 Discussion Topic 1: The European Union (EU) Beef Hormone Ban 273 Discussion Topic 2: Food-Safety Concerns in Integrated Agriculture 275 Discussion Topic 3: Animal Welfare Policies as Exclusionary Factors 278 Discussion Topic 4: Russian Importations of U.S. Poultry 280 Discussion Topic 5: The World Trade Organization (WTO) and National Sovereignty 285 Discussion Topic 6: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and the Precautionary Principle 288 Discussion Topic 7: Mexican Cattle and Tuberculosis (TB) Control 290 Discussion Topic 8: Compulsory or Voluntary Disease Reporting 292 Discussion Topic 9: Pressures from Producer Organizations 294 Discussion Topic 10: Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Eradication Policies 295 Glossary 299 Index 321