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<b> Gas Turbine Engine Applications</b>. <p>1.0 Introduction.</p> <p>1.1 Comparison of gas turbine and high speed diesel engines.</p> <p>1.2 Power generation applications.</p> <p>1.3 Industrial mechanical drive applications.</p> <p>1.4 Automotive applications.</p> <p>1.5 Marine applications.</p> <p>1.6 Aircraft applications - propulsion requirements.</p> <p>1.7 Shaft powered aircraft - turboprops and turboshafts.</p> <p>1.8 Thrust propelled aircraft - turbofans, turbojets and ramjets.</p> <p>1.9 Auxiliary power units (APUs).</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>2 The Operational Envelope</b>.</p> <p>2.0 Introduction.</p> <p>2.1 The environmental envelope.</p> <p>2.2 Installation pressure losses.</p> <p>2.3 The flight envelope.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>3 Properties and Charts for Dry Air, Combustion Products and other Working Fluids.</b></p> <p>3.0 Introduction.</p> <p>3.1 Description of fundamental gas properties.</p> <p>3.2 Description of key thermodynamic parameters.</p> <p>3.3 Composition of dry air an combustion products.</p> <p>3.4 The use of CP and gamma, or specific enthalpy and entropy, in calculations.</p> <p>3.5 Data base for fundamental and thermodynamic gas properties.</p> <p>3.6 Charts showing interrelationships of key thermodynamic parameters.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>4 Dimensionless, Quasidimensionless, Referred and Scaling Parameter Group</b>.</p> <p>4.0 Introduction.</p> <p>4.1 The importance of parameter groups.</p> <p>4.2 Tables of parameter groups and description.</p> <p>4.3 Examples of applications.</p> <p>4.4 Second-order effects - steady state performance.</p> <p>4.5 Second-order effects - engines scaling.</p> <p>4.6 Second-order effects - transient performance.</p> <p>4.7 Why components and engines adhere to the parameter group relationships.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>5 Gas Turbine Engine Components</b>.</p> <p>5.0 Introduction.</p> <p>5.1 Axial compressors - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.2 Axial flow - off design performance.</p> <p>5.3 Centrifugal compressors - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.4 Centrifugal compressors - off design performance.</p> <p>5.5 Fans - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.6 Fans - off design performance.</p> <p>5.7 Combustors - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.8 Combustors - off design performance.</p> <p>5.9 Axial flow turbines - design point performance and basic sizing guidelines.</p> <p>5.10 Axial flow turbines - off design performance.</p> <p>5.11 Radial turbines - design.</p> <p>5.12 Radial turbines - off design performance.</p> <p>5.13 Ducts - design.</p> <p>5.14 Ducts - off design performance.</p> <p>5.15 Air systems, turbines NGV and blade cooling - design point performance.</p> <p>5.16 Air systems - off design performance.</p> <p>5.17 Mechanical losses - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.18 Mechanical losses - off design performance.</p> <p>5.19 Mixers - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.20 Mixers - off design performance.</p> <p>5.21 Afterburners - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.22 Afterburners - off design performance.</p> <p>5.23 Heat exchangers - design point performance and basic sizing.</p> <p>5.24 Heat exchangers - off design performance.</p> <p>5.25 Alternators - design point performance.</p> <p>5.26 Alternators - off design performance.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>6 Design Point Performance and Engine Concept Design</b>.</p> <p>6.0 Introduction.</p> <p>6.1 Design point and off design performance calculations.</p> <p>6.2 Design point performance parameters.</p> <p>6.3 Design point calculation and diagram.</p> <p>6.4 Linearly scaling components and engines.</p> <p>6.5 Design point exchange rates.</p> <p>6.6 Ground rules for generic design point diagrams.</p> <p>6.7 Open shaft power cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates.</p> <p>6.8 Combined heat and power: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates.</p> <p>6.9 Closed cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates.</p> <p>6.10 Aircraft engines shaft power cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates.</p> <p>6.11 Aircraft engine thrust cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates.</p> <p>6.12 The engine concept design process.</p> <p>6.13 Margins required when specifying target performance levels.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>7 Off Design Performance</b>.</p> <p>7.0 Introduction.</p> <p>7.1 Generic off design characteristics.</p> <p>7.2 Off design performance modelling - methodology.</p> <p>7.3 Off design performance modelling - flow diagrams and sample calculations.</p> <p>7.4 Geometric variation: modelling and effects.</p> <p>7.5 Engine scaling and different working fluids.</p> <p>7.6 Off design matching: physical mechanisms.</p> <p>7.7 Exchange rates.</p> <p>7.8 Ratings and control.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>8 Transient Performance.</b></p> <p>8.0 Introduction.</p> <p>8.1 The fundamental transient mechanism.</p> <p>8.2 Transient performance manoeuvres.</p> <p>8.3 Engine accel and decel requirements.</p> <p>8.4 Transient performance phenomena.</p> <p>8.5 Operability concerns.</p> <p>8.6 Surge, rotating stall and locked stall - the events and their detection.</p> <p>8.7 Surge margin requirements and the surge margin stack up.</p> <p>8.8 Parameter groups and transient performance.</p> <p>8.9 Scaling parameter groups and transient performance.</p> <p>8.10 Control strategies during transient manoeuvres.</p> <p>8.11 Transient performance and control models.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>9 Starting</b>.</p> <p>9.0 Introduction.</p> <p>9.1 The fundamental starting process.</p> <p>9.2 Start processes for major engine types and applications.</p> <p>9.3 Engine start requirements.</p> <p>9.4 The impact of ambient temperature and pressure.</p> <p>9.5 Operability issues.</p> <p>9.6 Starting and parameter groups.</p> <p>9.7 Control Strategies and parameter groups.</p> <p>9.8 Starter system variants and selection.</p> <p>9.9 Start and control models.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>10 Windmilling</b>.</p> <p>10.0 Introduction.</p> <p>10.1 Turbojet windmilling.</p> <p>10.2 Turbofan windmilling.</p> <p>10.3 Turboprop windmilling.</p> <p>10.4 Industrial engine windmilling.</p> <p>10.5 Marine engine windmilling.</p> <p>10.6 The effect of ambient conditions.</p> <p>10.7 Scaling an engine.</p> <p>10.8 Windmill testing.</p> <p>10.9 Windmill computer modelling.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>11 Engine Performance Testing</b>.</p> <p>11.0 Introduction.</p> <p>11.1 Types of engine test bed.</p> <p>11.2 Measurements and instrumentation.</p> <p>11.3 Test bed calibration.</p> <p>11.4 Steady state development testing.</p> <p>11.5 Transient development testing.</p> <p>11.6 Application testing.</p> <p>11.7 Production pass off.</p> <p>11.8 Test data analysis.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>12 The Effects of Water - Liquid, Stream and Ice</b>.</p> <p>12.0 Introduction.</p> <p>12.1 Gas properties.</p> <p>12.2 Humidity.</p> <p>12.3 Water injection.</p> <p>12.4 Steam injection.</p> <p>12.5 Condensation.</p> <p>12.6 Rain and ice ingestion.</p> <p>12.7 The thermodynamics of water.</p> <p>12.8 Gas turbine performance modelling and test data analysis.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>13 Fuel and Oil Properties and their Impact</b>.</p> <p>13.0 Introduction.</p> <p>13.1 The combustion process and gas turbine fuel types.</p> <p>13.2 Data base of key fuel properties for performance calculations.</p> <p>13.3 Synthesis exchange rates for primary fuel types.</p> <p>13.4 Oil types and data base of key properties.</p> <p>Formulae.</p> <p>Sample calculations.</p> <p>Charts.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>14 Performance of In-service Products</b>.</p> <p><b>15 Performance and the Economics of Gas Turbine Engines</b>.</p> <p>Appendix A: Station Numbering and Nomenclature.</p> <p>A.0 Introduction.</p> <p>A.1 International station numbering and nomenclature standards.</p> <p>A.2 ARP 755A station numbering.</p> <p>A.3 Nomenclature.</p> <p>A.4 Customer deck requirements.</p> <p>References.</p> <p><b>Appendix B: Unit Conversions.</b></p> <p>B.0 Introduction.</p> <p>B.1 Acceleration.</p> <p>B.2 Area.</p> <p>B.3 Density.</p> <p>B.4 Energy.</p> <p>B.5 Force.</p> <p>B.6 Fuel consumption.</p> <p>B.7 Length.</p> <p>B.8 Mass.</p> <p>B.9 Moment of inertia.</p> <p>B.10 Momentum - angular.</p> <p>B.11 Momentum - linear.</p> <p>B.12 Power.</p> <p>B.13 Pressure.</p> <p>B.14 Specific energy.</p> <p>B.15 Specific fuel consumption (SFC)</p>

<p><strong>Philip P. Walsh</strong> is the author of <em>Gas Turbine Performance</em>, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley. <p><strong>Paul Fletcher</strong> is the author of <em>Gas Turbine Performance</em>, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley.

This book provides a practical guide to the fundamentals of performance, including the requirements of all major applications: power generation, mechanical drive, automotive, marine and aircraft installations. The new edition includes two additional chapters on performance issues of engines in-service and on the techno-economic issues that determine whether a gas turbine project will be profitable.

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