Details

Fuel Cell Science and Engineering

Materials, Processes, Systems and Technology
1. Aufl.

von: Detlef Stolten, Bernd Emonts
336,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-VCH
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	22.10.2012
ISBN/EAN:	9783527650262
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	1268

In den Warenkorb

Als Gutschein

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

Fuel cells are expected to play a major role in the future power supply that will transform to renewable, decentralized and fluctuating primary energies. At the same time the share of electric power will continually increase at the expense of thermal and mechanical energy not just in transportation, but also in households. Hydrogen as a perfect fuel for fuel cells and an outstanding and efficient means of bulk storage for renewable energy will spearhead this development together with fuel cells. Moreover, small fuel cells hold great potential for portable devices such as gadgets and medical applications such as pacemakers. This handbook will explore specific fuel cells within and beyond the mainstream development and focuses on materials and production processes for both SOFC and lowtemperature fuel cells, analytics and diagnostics for fuel cells, modeling and simulation as well as balance of plant design and components. As fuel cells are getting increasingly sophisticated and industrially developed the issues of quality assurance and methodology of development are included in this handbook. The contributions to this book come from an international panel of experts from academia, industry, institutions and government. This handbook is oriented toward people looking for detailed information on specific fuel cell types, their materials, production processes, modeling and analytics. Overview information on the contrary on mainstream fuel cells and applications are provided in the book 'Hydrogen and Fuel Cells', published in 2010.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Volume 1 PART I: Technology TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENT OF FUEL-CELL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Introduction Representative Research Findings for SOFCs Representative Research Findings for HT-PEFCs Representative Research Findings for DMFCs Application and Demonstration in Transportation Fuel Cells for Stationary Applications Special Markets for Fuel Cells Marketable Development Results Conclusion SINGLE-CHAMBER FUEL CELLS Introduction SC-SOFCs SC-SOFC Systems Applications of SC-SOFCs Systems Conclusion TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells overview Analysis of MCFC Technology Conventional and Innovative Applications Conclusion ALKALINE FUEL CELLS Historical Introduction and Principle Concepts of Alkaline Fuel-Cell Design Concepts Electrolytes and Separators Degradation Carbon Dioxide Behavior Conclusion MICRO FUEL CELLS Introduction Physical Principles of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Types of Micro Fuel Cells Materials and Manufacturing GDL Optimization Conclusion PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS Introduction Materials and Methods Microbial Catalysts Applications and Proof of Concepts Modeling Outlook and Conclusions MICRO-REACTORS FOR FUEL PROCESSING Introduction Heat and Mass Transfer in Micro-Reactors Specific Features Required from Catalyst Formulations for Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors Heat Management of Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors Examples of Complete Microchannel Fuel Processors Fabrication of Microchannel Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS Introduction Principles History Thermodynamics Electrodes Solid Oxide Electrolyte (SOE) System Design and Components Applications and Systems Conclusion and Prospects PART II: Materials and Production Processes ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN 1995 AND 2010 AT FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM J?ULICH GMBH, GERMANY Introduction Advances in Research, Development, and Testing of Single Cells Conclusions SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL ELECTRODE FABRICATION BY INFILTRATION Introduction SOFC and Electrochemical Fundamentals Current Status of Electrodes; Fabrication Methods of Electrodes Electrode Materials Infiltration Conclusion SEALING TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Sealing Techniques Conclusion PHOSPHORIC ACID, AN ELECTROLYTE FOR FUEL CELLS - TEMPERATURE AND COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE OF VAPOR PRESSURE AND PROTON CONDUCTIVITY Introduction Short Overview of Basic Properties and Formal Considerations Vapor Pressure of Water as a Function of Composition and Temperature Proton Conductivity as a Function of Composition and Temperature Equilibria between the Polyphosphoric Acid Species and "Composition" of Concentrated Phosphoric Acid Conclusion MATERIALS AND COATINGS FOR METALLIC BIPOLAR PLATES IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS Introduction Metallic Bipolar Plates Discussion and Perspective NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR FUEL CELLS Introduction The Fuel Cell and Its System Triple Phase Boundary Electrodes to Oxidize Hydrogen Membranes to Transport Ions Electrocatalysts to Reduce Oxygen Catalyst Supports to Conduct Electrons Future Directions2 CATALYSIS IN LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS - AN OVERVIEW Introduction Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells Electrocatalyst Degradation Novel Support Materials Catalyst Development, Characterization, and In Situ Studies in Fuel Cells Catalysis in Hydrogen Production for Fuel Cells Perspective PART III: Analytics and Diagnostics IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS Introduction Fundamentals Experimental Examples Conclusion POST-TEST CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL-CELL STACKS Introduction Stack Dissection Conclusion and Outlook IN SITU IMAGING AT LARGE-SCALE FACILITIES Introduction X-Rays and Neutrons Application of In Situ 2D Methods Application of 3D Methods Conclusion ANALYTICS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS Introduction Gravimetric Properties Caloric Properties Structural Information: Porosity Mechanical Properties Conclusion DEGRADATION CAUSED BY DYNAMIC OPERATION AND STARVATION CONDITIONS Introduction Measurement Techniques Dynamic Operation at Standard Conditions Starvation Conditions Mitigation Conclusion PART IV: Quality Assurance QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR CHARACTERIZING LOW-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS Introduction Test Procedures/Standardized Measurements Standardized Test Cells Degradation and Lifetime Investigations Design of Experiments in the Field of Fuel-Cell Research METHODOLOGIES FOR FUEL CELL PROCESS ENGINEERING Introduction Verification Methods in Fuel-Cell Process Engineering Analysis Methods in Fuel-Cell Process Engineering Conclusion Volume 2 PART V: Modeling and Simulation 23 MESSAGES FROM ANALYTICAL MODELING OF FUEL CELLS Introduction Modeling of Catalyst Layer Performance Polarization Curve of PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs Conclusion STOCHASTIC MODELING OF FUEL-CELL COMPONENTS Multi-Layer Model for Paper-Type GDLs Time-Series Model for Non-Woven GDLs Stochastic Network Model for the Pore Phase Further Results Structural Characterization of Porous GDL Conclusion COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC SIMULATION USING SUPERCOMPUTER CALCULATION CAPACITY Introduction High-Performance Computing for Fuel Cells HPC-Based CFD Modeling for Fuel-Cell Systems CFD-Based Design Conclusion and Outlook MODELING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS FROM THE MACROSCALE TO THE NANOSCALE Introduction Governing Equations of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Macroscale SOFC Modeling Mesoscale SOFC Modeling Nanoscale SOFC Modeling Conclusion NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE THERMOMECHANICALLY INDUCED STRESS IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Chronological Overview of Numerically Performed Thermomechanical Analyses in SOFCs Mathematical Formulation of Strain and Stress Within SOFC Components Effect of Geometric Design on the Stress Distribution in SOFCs Conclusion MODELING OF MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS Introduction Spatially Distributed MCFC Model Electrode Models Conclusion HIGH-TEMPERATURE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL MODELING Introduction Cell-Level Modeling Stack-Level Modeling Phosphoric Acid as Electrolyte Basic Modeling of the Polarization Curve Conclusion and Future Perspectives MODELING OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL-CELL COMPONENTS Introduction Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Catalyst Layers Gas Diffusion Layers and Microporous Layers Gas Flow Channels Gas Diffusion Layer-Gas Flow Channel Interface Bipolar Plates Coolant Flow Model Validation Conclusion MODELING OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS AND STACKS Introduction Cell-Level Modeling and Simulation Stack-Level Modeling and Simulation Conclusion PART VI: BALANCE OF PLANT DESIGN AND COMPONENTS PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Introduction Basic Engineering Detailed Engineering Procurement Construction Conclusion SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Power Generation Overview of SOFC Power Systems Subsystem Design for SOFC Power Systems SOFC Power Systems DESULFURIZATION FOR FUEL-CELL SYSTEMS Introduction and Motivation Sulfur-Containing Molecules in Crude Oil Desulfurization in the Gas Phase Desulfurization in the Liquid Phase Application in Fuel-Cell Systems Conclusion DESIGN CRITERIA AND COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL POWERTRAINS Introduction Vehicle Requirements Potentials and Challenges of Vehicle Powertrains Components of Fuel Cell Powertrains Conclusion HYBRIDIZATION FOR FUEL CELLS Introduction The Fuel-Cell Hybrid Components of a Fuel-Cell Hybrid Hybridization Concepts Technical Overview Systems Analysis Conclusion PART VII: Systems Verification and Market Introduction OFF-GRID POWER SUPPLY AND PREMIUM POWER GENERATION Introduction Premium Power Market Overview Off-Grid Portable Applications Discussion DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND MARKET INTRODUCTION Introduction Why Demonstration? Transportation Demonstrations Stationary Power and Early Market Applications PART VIII: Knowledge Distribution and Public Awareness A SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK FOR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION: THE IEA HIA AND ITS STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2009-2015 Introduction The IEA HIA Strategic Framework: Overview The Work Program: Issues and Approaches IEA HIA: the Past as Prolog The 2009-2015 IEA HIA Work Program Timeline Conclusion and Final Remarks OVERVIEW OF FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN ORGANIZATIONS AND INITIATIVES WORLDWIDE Introduction International Level European Level National Level Regional Level Partnerships, Initiatives, and Networks with a Specific Agenda Conclusion CONTRIBUTIONS FOR EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS Introduction Information for Interested Laypeople Education for School Students and University Students Electrolyzers and Fuel Cells in Education and Training Training and Qualification for Trade and Industry Education and Training in the Scientific Arena Clarification Assistance in the Political Arena Analysis of Public Awareness Conclusion

Rezension

“For researchers who already have some history with fuel cells and want to maintain their knowledge of the general progress of fuel cell research this could be a useful addition to one’s personal library. For those specifically interested in pgm catalysis for fuel cells, I would recommend the book “Catalysis in Electrochemistry: From Fundamentals to Strategies for Fuel Cell Development” (5).” (Platinum Metals Review, 1 January 2013)

Autorenportrait

Prof. Detlef Stolten is the Director of the Institute of Energy Research - Fuel Cells at the Research Center Julich, Germany. Prof Stolten received his doctorate from the University of Technology at Clausthal, Germany. He served many years as a Research Scientist in the laboratories of Robert Bosch and Daimler Benz/Dornier. Since 1998 he has been holding the position of Director at the Research Center Julich. Two years later he became Professor for Fuel Cell Technology at the University of Technology (RWTH) at Aachen. Prof. Stolten's research focuses on electrochemical energy engineering including electrochemistry and energy process engineering of Electrolysis, SOFC and PEFC systems, i.e. cell and stack technology, process and systems engineering as well as systems analysis. Prof. Stolten is Chairman of the Implementing Agreement Advanced Fuel Cells, member of the board of the International Association of Hydrogen Energy (IAHE) and is on the advisory boards of the German National Organization of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (NOW), and the journal Fuel Cells. He was chairman of the World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2010 (WHEC 2010). Dr. Bernd Emonts is the Deputy Director of the Institute of Energy Research at the Julich Research Center, Germany. He received his diploma in structural engineering from the Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Germany, in 1981. He went on to specialize in the fundamentals of mechanical engineering at RWTH Aachen University, Germany and was awarded his PhD in 1989. Working as a scientist, Dr. Emonts has been involved in extensive research and development projects in the areas of catalytic combustion and energy systems with low-temperature fuel cells. Between 1991 and 1994, he concurrently worked as an R & D advisor for a German industrial enterprise in the drying and coating technologies sector. In addition to his scientific activities at Julich Research Center, Germany, Dr. Emonts lectured at Aachen University of Applied Sciences from 1999 to 2008. Dr. Emonts has published extensively in the field of Fuel Cells.