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Fluid Mechanics


Fluid Mechanics


1. Aufl.

von: Jean-Laurent Puebe

278,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 01.03.2013
ISBN/EAN: 9781118623121
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 512

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Beschreibungen

This book examines the phenomena of fluid flow and transfer as governed by mechanics and thermodynamics. Part 1 concentrates on equations coming from balance laws and also discusses transportation phenomena and propagation of shock waves. Part 2 explains the basic methods of metrology, signal processing, and system modeling, using a selection of examples of fluid and thermal mechanics.
<p><i>Preface xi</i></p> <p><b>Chapter 1. Thermodynamics of Discrete Systems 1</b></p> <p>1.1. The representational bases of a material system 1</p> <p>1.1.1. Introduction 1</p> <p>1.1.2. Systems analysis and thermodynamics 8</p> <p>1.1.3. The notion of state 11</p> <p>1.1.4. Processes and systems 13</p> <p>1.2. Axioms of thermostatics 15</p> <p>1.2.1. Introduction 15</p> <p>1.2.2. Extensive quantities 16</p> <p>1.2.3. Energy, work and heat 20</p> <p>1.3. Consequences of the axioms of thermostatics 21</p> <p>1.3.1. Intensive variables 21</p> <p>1.3.2. Thermodynamic potentials 23</p> <p>1.4. Out-of-equilibrium states 29</p> <p>1.4.1. Introduction 29</p> <p>1.4.2. Discontinuous systems 30</p> <p>1.4.3. Application to heat engines 45</p> <p><b>Chapter 2. Thermodynamics of Continuous Media 47</b></p> <p>2.1. Thermostatics of continuous media 47</p> <p>2.1.1. Reduced extensive quantities 47</p> <p>2.1.2. Local thermodynamic equilibrium 48</p> <p>2.1.3. Flux of extensive quantities 50</p> <p>2.1.4. Balance equations in continuous media 54</p> <p>2.1.5. Phenomenological laws 57</p> <p>2.2. Fluid statics 63</p> <p>2.2.1. General equations of fluid statics 63</p> <p>2.2.2. Pressure forces on solid boundaries 68</p> <p>2.3. Heat conduction 72</p> <p>2.3.1. The heat equation 72</p> <p>2.3.2. Thermal boundary conditions 72</p> <p>2.4. Diffusion 73</p> <p>2.4.1. Introduction 73</p> <p>2.4.2. Molar and mass fluxes 77</p> <p>2.4.3. Choice of reference frame 80</p> <p>2.4.4. Binary isothermal mixture 85</p> <p>2.4.5. Coupled phenomena with diffusion 97</p> <p>2.4.6. Boundary conditions 99</p> <p><b>Chapter 3. Physics of Energetic Systems in Flow 101</b></p> <p>3.1. Dynamics of a material point 101</p> <p>3.1.1. Galilean reference frames in traditional mechanics 101</p> <p>3.1.2. Isolated mechanical system and momentum 102</p> <p>3.1.3. Momentum and velocity 103</p> <p>3.1.4. Definition of force 104</p> <p>3.1.5. The fundamental law of dynamics (closed systems) 106</p> <p>3.1.6. Kinetic energy 106</p> <p>3.2. Mechanical material system 107</p> <p>3.2.1. Dynamic properties of a material system 107</p> <p>3.2.2. Kinetic energy of a material system 109</p> <p>3.2.3. Mechanical system in thermodynamic equilibrium the rigid solid 111</p> <p>3.2.4. The open mechanical system 112</p> <p>3.2.5. Thermodynamics of a system in motion 116</p> <p>3.3. Kinematics of continuous media 119</p> <p>3.3.1. Lagrangian and Eulerian variables 119</p> <p>3.3.2. Trajectories, streamlines, streaklines 121</p> <p>3.3.3. Material (or Lagrangian) derivative 122</p> <p>3.3.4. Deformation rate tensors 129</p> <p>3.4. Phenomenological laws of viscosity 132</p> <p>3.4.1. Definition of a fluid 132</p> <p>3.4.2. Viscometric flows 135</p> <p>3.4.3. The Newtonian fluid 146</p> <p><b>Chapter 4. Fluid Dynamics Equations 151</b></p> <p>4.1. Local balance equations 151</p> <p>4.1.1. Balance of an extensive quantity G 151</p> <p>4.1.2. Interpretation of an equation in terms of the balance equation 153</p> <p>4.2. Mass balance 154</p> <p>4.2.1. Conservation of mass and its consequences 154</p> <p>4.2.2. Volume conservation 160</p> <p>4.3. Balance of mechanical and thermodynamic quantities 160</p> <p>4.3.1. Momentum balance 160</p> <p>4.3.2. Kinetic energy theorem 164</p> <p>4.3.3. The vorticity equation 171</p> <p>4.3.4. The energy equation 172</p> <p>4.3.5. Balance of chemical species 177</p> <p>4.4. Boundary conditions 178</p> <p>4.4.1. General considerations 178</p> <p>4.4.2. Geometric boundary conditions 179</p> <p>4.4.3. Initial conditions 181</p> <p>4.5. Global form of the balance equations 182</p> <p>4.5.1. The interest of the global form of a balance 182</p> <p>4.5.2. Equation of mass conservation 184</p> <p>4.5.3. Volume balance 184</p> <p>4.5.4. The momentum flux theorem 184</p> <p>4.5.5. Kinetic energy theorem 186</p> <p>4.5.6. The energy equation 187</p> <p>4.5.7. The balance equation for chemical species 188</p> <p>4.6. Similarity and non-dimensional parameters 189</p> <p>4.6.1. Principles 189</p> <p><b>Chapter 5. Transport and Propagation 199</b></p> <p>5.1. General considerations 199</p> <p>5.1.1. Differential equations 199</p> <p>5.1.2. The Cauchy problem for differential equations 202</p> <p>5.2. First order quasi-linear partial differential equations 203</p> <p>5.2.1. Introduction 203</p> <p>5.2.2. Geometric interpretation of the solutions 204</p> <p>5.2.3. Comments 206</p> <p>5.2.4. The Cauchy problem for partial differential equations 206</p> <p>5.3. Systems of first order partial differential equations 207</p> <p>5.3.1. The Cauchy problem for n unknowns and two variables 207</p> <p>5.3.2. Applications in fluid mechanics 210</p> <p>5.3.3. Cauchy problem with n unknowns and p variables 216</p> <p>5.3.4. Partial differential equations of order n 218</p> <p>5.3.5. Applications 220</p> <p>5.3.6. Physical interpretation of propagation 223</p> <p>5.4. Second order partial differential equations 225</p> <p>5.4.1. Introduction 225</p> <p>5.4.2. Characteristic curves of hyperbolic equations 226</p> <p>5.4.3. Reduced form of the second order quasi-linear partial differential equation 229</p> <p>5.4.4. Second order partial differential equations in a finite domain 232</p> <p>5.4.5. Second order partial differential equations and their boundary conditions 233</p> <p>5.5. Discontinuities: shock waves 239</p> <p>5.5.1. General considerations 239</p> <p>5.5.2. Unsteady 1D flow of an inviscid compressible fluid 239</p> <p>5.5.3. Plane steady supersonic flow 244</p> <p>5.5.4. Flow in a nozzle 244</p> <p>5.5.5. Separated shock wave 248</p> <p>5.5.6. Other discontinuity categories 248</p> <p>5.5.7. Balance equations across a discontinuity 249</p> <p>5.6. Some comments on methods of numerical solution 250</p> <p>5.6.1. Characteristic curves and numerical discretization schemes 250</p> <p>5.6.2. A complex example 253</p> <p>5.6.3. Boundary conditions of flow problems 255</p> <p><b>Chapter 6. General Properties of Flows 257</b></p> <p>6.1. Dynamics of vorticity 257</p> <p>6.1.1. Kinematic properties of the rotation vector 257</p> <p>6.1.2. Equation and properties of the rotation vector 261</p> <p>6.2. Potential flows 269</p> <p>6.2.1. Introduction 269</p> <p>6.2.2. Bernoulli’s second theorem 269</p> <p>6.2.3. Flow of compressible inviscid fluid 270</p> <p>6.2.4. Nature of equations in inviscid flows 271</p> <p>6.2.5. Elementary solutions in irrotational flows 273</p> <p>6.2.6. Surface waves in shallow water 284</p> <p>6.3. Orders of magnitude 288</p> <p>6.3.1. Introduction and discussion of a simple example 288</p> <p>6.3.2. Obtaining approximate values of a solution 291</p> <p>6.4. Small parameters and perturbation phenomena 296</p> <p>6.4.1. Introduction 296</p> <p>6.4.2. Regular perturbation 296</p> <p>6.4.3. Singular perturbations 305</p> <p>6.5. Quasi-1D flows 309</p> <p>6.5.1. General properties 309</p> <p>6.5.2. Flows in pipes 314</p> <p>6.5.3. The boundary layer in steady flow 319</p> <p>6.6. Unsteady flows and steady flows 327</p> <p>6.6.1. Introduction 327</p> <p>6.6.2. The existence of steady flows 328</p> <p>6.6.3. Transitional regime and permanent solution 330</p> <p>6.6.4. Non-existence of a steady solution 334</p> <p><b>Chapter 7. Measurement, Representation and Analysis of Temporal Signals 339</b></p> <p>7.1. Introduction and position of the problem 339</p> <p>7.2. Measurement and experimental data in flows 340</p> <p>7.2.1. Introduction 340</p> <p>7.2.2. Measurement of pressure 341</p> <p>7.2.3. Anemometric measurements 342</p> <p>7.2.4. Temperature measurements 346</p> <p>7.2.5. Measurements of concentration 347</p> <p>7.2.6. Fields of quantities and global measurements 347</p> <p>7.2.7. Errors and uncertainties of measurements 351</p> <p>7.3. Representation of signals 357</p> <p>7.3.1. Objectives of continuous signal representation 357</p> <p>7.3.2. Analytical representation 360</p> <p>7.3.3. Signal decomposition on the basis of functions; series and elementary solutions 361</p> <p>7.3.4. Integral transforms 363</p> <p>7.3.5. Time-frequency (or timescale) representations 374</p> <p>7.3.6. Discretized signals 381</p> <p>7.3.7. Data compression 385</p> <p>7.4. Choice of representation and obtaining pertinent information 389</p> <p>7.4.1. Introduction 389</p> <p>7.4.2. An example: analysis of sound 390</p> <p>7.4.3. Analysis of musical signals 393</p> <p>7.4.4. Signal analysis in aero-energetics 402</p> <p><b>Chapter 8. Thermal Systems and Models 405</b></p> <p>8.1. Overview of models 405</p> <p>8.1.1. Introduction and definitions 405</p> <p>8.1.2. Modeling by state representation and choice of variables 408</p> <p>8.1.3. External representation 410</p> <p>8.1.4. Command models 411</p> <p>8.2. Thermodynamics and state representation 412</p> <p>8.2.1. General principles of modeling 412</p> <p>8.2.2. Linear time-invariant system (LTIS) 420</p> <p>8.3. Modeling linear invariant thermal systems 422</p> <p>8.3.1. Modeling discrete systems 422</p> <p>8.3.2. Thermal models in continuous media 431</p> <p>8.4. External representation of linear invariant systems 446</p> <p>8.4.1. Overview 446</p> <p>8.4.2. External description of linear invariant systems 446</p> <p>8.5. Parametric models 451</p> <p>8.5.1. Definition of model parameters 451</p> <p>8.5.2. Established regimes of linear invariant systems 453</p> <p>8.5.3. Established regimes in continuous media 458</p> <p>8.6. Model reduction 465</p> <p>8.6.1. Overview 465</p> <p>8.6.2. Model reduction of discrete systems 466</p> <p>8.7. Application in fluid mechanics and transfer in flows 474</p> <p><b>Appendix 1. Laplace Transform 477</b></p> <p>A1.1. Definition 477</p> <p>A1.2. Properties 477</p> <p>A1.3. Some Laplace transforms 478</p> <p>A1.4. Application to the solution of constant coefficient differential equations 479</p> <p><b>Appendix 2. Hilbert Transform 481</b></p> <p><b>Appendix 3. Cepstral Analysis 483</b></p> <p>A3.1. Introduction 483</p> <p>A3.2. Definitions 483</p> <p>A3.3. Example of echo suppression 484</p> <p>A3.4. General case 485</p> <p><b>Appendix 4. Eigenfunctions of an Operator 487</b></p> <p>A4.1. Eigenfunctions of an operator 487</p> <p>A4.2. Self-adjoint operator 487</p> <p>A4.2.1. Eigenfunctions 487</p> <p>A4.2.2. Expression of a function of f using an eigenfunction basis-set 488</p> <p><i>Bibliography 489</i></p> <p><i>Index 497</i></p>
<p><b>Jean-Laurent Puebe</b> is the author of <i>Fluid Mechanics</i>, published by Wiley.</p>

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