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<p><b>Foreword x</b><br /> <i>Yves BRUNET</i></p> <p><b>Chapter 1. Energy Storage for Electrical Systems 1</b><br /> <i>Régine BELHOMME, Jérôme DUVAL, Gauthier DELLILE, Gilles MALARANGE, Julien MARTIN and Andrei NEKRASSOV</i></p> <p>1.1. Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2. Energy storage for the producer 3</p> <p>1.3. The special case of intermittent generation 8</p> <p>1.4. Energy storage for transmission systems 13</p> <p>1.5. Energy storage for distribution networks 16</p> <p>1.6. Energy storage for retailers 22</p> <p>1.7. Energy storage for consumers 23</p> <p>1.8. Energy storage for the balancing responsible party (BRP) 28</p> <p>1.9. Conclusion 31</p> <p>1.10. Bibliography 34</p> <p><b>Chapter 2.Transport: Rail, Road, Plane, Ship 37</b><br /> <i>Jean-Marie KAUFFMANN</i></p> <p>2.1. Introduction 37</p> <p>2.2. Electrical energy is a secondary energy 38</p> <p>2.3. Electrical energy: principal or unique source 43</p> <p>2.4. Electrical energy complementing another source – hybridization 55</p> <p>2.5. Conclusion 61</p> <p>2.6. Bibliography 63</p> <p><b>Chapter 3. Energy Storage in Photovoltaic Systems 65</b><br /> <i>Florence MATTERA</i></p> <p>3.1. Introduction 65</p> <p>3.2. Stand alone photovoltaic systems 65</p> <p>3.3. Limited lifespan for lead acid battery technology 72</p> <p>3.4. Grid connected systems 77</p> <p>3.5. Bibliography 81</p> <p><b>Chapter 4. Mobile Applications and Micro-Power Sources 83</b><br /> <i>Jérôme DELAMARE and Orphée CUGAT</i></p> <p>4.1. The diverse energy needs of mobile applications 83</p> <p>4.2. Characteristics due to the miniaturized scale 89</p> <p>4.3. Capacitative storage 90</p> <p>4.4. Electrochemical storage 91</p> <p>4.5. Hydrocarbon storage 95</p> <p>4.6. Pyroelectricity 102</p> <p>4.7. Tribo-electricity 102</p> <p>4.8. Radioactive source 103</p> <p>4.9. Recovering ambient energy 103</p> <p>4.10. Associated electronics: use of electricity – onboard EP 106</p> <p>4.11. Bibliography 107</p> <p><b>Chapter 5. Hydrogen Storage 115</b><br /> <i>Daniel FRUCHART</i></p> <p>5.1. Introduction 115</p> <p>5.2. Generalities regarding hydrogen storage 116</p> <p>5.3. Pressurized storage 119</p> <p>5.4. Cryogenic storage 121</p> <p>5.5. Solid storage 122</p> <p>5.6. Other modes of storage 128</p> <p>5.7. Discussion: technical/energy/economic aspects 129</p> <p>5.8. Bibliography 131</p> <p><b>Chapter 6. Fuel Cells: Principles and Function 133</b><br /> <i>Eric VIEIL</i></p> <p>6.1. What is a cell or battery? 133</p> <p>6.2. Chemical energy 134</p> <p>6.3. The unfolding of a reaction 137</p> <p>6.4. Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) 143</p> <p>6.5. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 143</p> <p>6.6. The alkaline fuel cell (AFC) 145</p> <p>6.7. Comparison of the different types of fuel cell 146</p> <p>6.8. Catalysis 148</p> <p>6.9. Critical points 149</p> <p>6.10. Conclusion: the storage application 151</p> <p><b>Chapter 7. Fuel Cells: System Operation 153</b><br /> <i>Daniel HISSEL, Denis CANDUSSO and Marie-Cécile PERA</i></p> <p>7.1. Introduction: what is a fuel cell “system”? 153</p> <p>7.2. Air supply system 156</p> <p>7.3. Gas humidification system 160</p> <p>7.4. The static converter at the stack terminals 164</p> <p>7.5. Lifespan, reliability and diagnosis 165</p> <p>7.6. Bibliography 170</p> <p><b>Chapter 8. Electrochemical Storage: Cells and Batteries 173</b><br /> <i>Florence FUSALBA and Sébastien MARTINET</i></p> <p>8.1. Generalities of accumulators: principle of operation 173</p> <p>8.2. Applications 176</p> <p>8.3. Technological histories: lead, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH… then lithium ion 185</p> <p>8.4. Application needs 197</p> <p>8.5. Focusing on lithium-ion technologies 199</p> <p>8.6. Processing and recycling of lithium batteries 207</p> <p>8.7. Other batteries 209</p> <p>8.8. Bibliography 214</p> <p><b>Chapter 9. Supercapacitors: Principles, Sizing, Power Interfaces and Applications 217</b><br /> <i>Philippe BARRADE</i></p> <p>9.1. Introduction 217</p> <p>9.2. Supercapacitor: electric double-layer capacitor 219</p> <p>9.3. Sizing a bank of supercapacitors 226</p> <p>9.4. Power interfaces 230</p> <p>9.5. Applications 235</p> <p>9.6. Bibliography 240</p> <p><i>List of authors 243</i></p> <p><i>Index 245</i></p>

<p><strong>Yves Brunet</strong> is with INP Grenoble, France.

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