Details

Electric Distribution Systems


Electric Distribution Systems


IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems 2. Aufl.

von: Abdelhay A. Sallam, Om P. Malik

121,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 16.10.2018
ISBN/EAN: 9781119509301
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 624

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>A comprehensive review of the theory and practice for designing, operating, and optimizing electric distribution systems, revised and updated</b></p> <p>Now in its second edition, <i>Electric Distribution Systems</i> has been revised and updated and continues to provide a two-tiered approach for designing, installing, and managing effective and efficient electric distribution systems. With an emphasis on both the practical and theoretical approaches, the text is a guide to the underlying theory and concepts and provides a resource for applying that knowledge to problem solving. The authors—noted experts in the field—explain the analytical tools and techniques essential for designing and operating electric distribution systems. In addition, the authors reinforce the theories and practical information presented with real-world examples as well as hundreds of clear illustrations and photos.</p> <p>This essential resource contains the information needed to design electric distribution systems that meet the requirements of specific loads, cities, and zones. The authors also show how to recognize and quickly respond to problems that may occur during system operations, as well as revealing how to improve the performance of electric distribution systems with effective system automation and monitoring. This updated edition:</p> <p>•    Contains new information about recent developments in the field particularly in regard to renewable energy generation</p> <p>•    Clarifies the perspective of various aspects relating to protection schemes and accompanying equipment</p> <p>•    Includes illustrative descriptions of a variety of distributed energy sources and their integration with distribution systems</p> <p>•    Explains the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, various types of energy storage systems and the role they play to improve power quality, stability, and reliability</p> <p>Written for engineers in electric utilities, regulators, and consultants working with electric distribution systems planning and projects, the second edition of <i>Electric Distribution Systems</i> offers an updated text to both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of electrical distribution systems.</p>
<p>Preface xi</p> <p>Acknowledgments xiii</p> <p><b>Part I Fundamental Concepts</b></p> <p>Chapter 1 Introduction 3</p> <p>1.1 Introduction and Background 3</p> <p>1.2 Power System Structure 3</p> <p>1.3 Distribution Level 5</p> <p>1.4 General 7</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Distribution System Structure 9</b></p> <p>2.1 Distribution Voltage Levels 9</p> <p>2.2 Distribution System Configuration 9</p> <p>2.3 General Comments 22</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Distribution System Planning 23</b></p> <p>3.1 Duties of Distribution System Planners 23</p> <p>3.2 Factors Affecting the Planning Process 25</p> <p>3.3 Planning Objectives 31</p> <p>3.4 Solutions for Meeting Load Forecasts 37</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Load Forecasting 41</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 41</p> <p>4.2 Important Factors for Forecasts 42</p> <p>4.3 Forecasting Methodology 43</p> <p>4.4 Spatial Load Forecasting (SLF) 56</p> <p>4.5 End-Use Modeling 64</p> <p>4.6 Spatial Load Forecast Methods 65</p> <p><b>Part II Protection  And Switchgear</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Earthing Of Electric Distribution Systems 75</b></p> <p>5.1 Basic Objectives 75</p> <p>5.2 Earthing Electrical Equipment 76</p> <p>5.3 System Earthing 93</p> <p>5.4 MV Earthing Systems 99</p> <p>5.5 Earthing Systems in LV Distribution Networks 104</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Short-Circuit Studies 111</b></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 111</p> <p>6.2 Short-Circuit Analysis 113</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Protection: Current-Based Schemes 163</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 163</p> <p>7.2 Types of Relay Construction 166</p> <p>7.3 Overcurrent Protection 171</p> <p>7.4 Directional Protection 187</p> <p>7.5 Differential Protection 193</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Protection: Other Schemes 207</b></p> <p>8.1 Overvoltage Protection 207</p> <p>8.2 Thermal Protection 220</p> <p>8.3 Reclosers, Sectionalizers, Fuses 223</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Switchgear Devices 235</b></p> <p>9.1 Need for Switchgear 235</p> <p>9.2 MV Switchgear Devices 237</p> <p>9.3 LV Switchgear Devices 244</p> <p>9.4 Protection Classes 250</p> <p>9.5 Specifications and Implementation of Earthing 251</p> <p>9.6 Assessment of Switchgear 253</p> <p>9.7 Safety and Security of Installations 255</p> <p>9.8 Application Trends in MV Switchgear 256</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Switchgear Installation 261</b></p> <p>10.1 Steps for Installing Switchgear 261</p> <p>10.2 Switchgear Layout 262</p> <p>10.3 Dimensioning of Switchgear Installations 264</p> <p>10.4 Civil Construction Requirements 275</p> <p>10.5 ARC-Flash Hazards 282</p> <p><b>Part III Power Quality</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 11 Electric Power Quality 297</b></p> <p>11.1 Overview 297</p> <p>11.2 Power Quality Problems 298</p> <p>11.3 Cost of Power Quality 304</p> <p>11.4 Solutions of Power Quality Problems 310</p> <p>11.5 Solution Cycle for Power Quality Problems 317</p> <p><b>Chapter 12 Voltage Variations 321</b></p> <p>12.1 Voltage Quality 321</p> <p>12.2 Methods of Voltage Drop Reduction 329</p> <p>12.3 Voltage Sag Calculations 345</p> <p>12.4 Estimation of Distribution Losses 356</p> <p><b>Chapter 13 Power Factor Improvement 361</b></p> <p>13.1 Background 361</p> <p>13.2 Shunt Compensation 365</p> <p>13.3 Need for Shunt Compensation 366</p> <p>13.4 An Example 368</p> <p>13.5 How to Determine Compensation 370</p> <p><b>Chapter 14 Harmonics in Electric Distribution Systems 379</b></p> <p>14.1 What Are Harmonics? 379</p> <p>14.2 Sources of Harmonics 384</p> <p>14.3 Disturbances Caused by Harmonics 391</p> <p>14.4 Principles of Harmonic Distortion Indications and Measurement 396</p> <p>14.5 Frequency Spectrum and Harmonic Content 398</p> <p>14.6 Standards and Recommendations 400</p> <p><b>Chapter 15 Harmonics Effect Mitigation 403</b></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 403</p> <p>15.2 First Class of Solutions 403</p> <p>15.3 Second Class of Solutions 404</p> <p>15.4 Third Class of Solutions 406</p> <p>15.5 Selection Criteria 409</p> <p>15.6 Case Studies 409</p> <p><b>Part IV Management And Automation</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 16 Demand-Side Management And Energy Efficiency 431</b></p> <p>16.1 Overview 431</p> <p>16.2 DSM 432</p> <p>16.3 Needs to Apply DSM 433</p> <p>16.4 Means of DSM Programs 434</p> <p>16.5 International Experience with DSM 437</p> <p>16.6 Potential for DSM Application 438</p> <p>16.7 The DSM Planning Process 439</p> <p>16.8 Expected Benefits of Managing Demand 444</p> <p>16.9 Energy Efficiency 444</p> <p>16.10 Scenarios Used for Energy-Efficiency Application 445</p> <p>16.11 Economic Benefits of Energy Efficiency 445</p> <p>16.12 Application of Efficient Technology 445</p> <p><b>Chapter 17 SCADA Systems 465</b></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 465</p> <p>17.2 Definitions 469</p> <p>17.3 SCADA Components 470</p> <p>17.4 SCADA Systems Architectures 473</p> <p>17.5 SCADA Applications 480</p> <p>17.6 SCADA and Grid Modernization 484</p> <p><b>Part V Distributed Energy Resources And Microgrids </b></p> <p><b>Chapter 18 Distributed Generation  489</b></p> <p>18.1 Power Systems and Distributed Generation 489</p> <p>18.2 Performance of Distributed Generators 493</p> <p>18.3 Case Study 518</p> <p><b>Chapter 19 Electrical Energy Storage 535</b></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 535</p> <p>19.2 Electrical Energy Storage 535</p> <p>19.3 Role of Electrical Energy Storage 538</p> <p>19.4 Types of EES Systems 540</p> <p>19.5 Energy Storage Application 550</p> <p><b>Chapter 20 Microgrids And Smart Grids 553</b></p> <p>20.1 Background 553</p> <p>20.2 MG Benefits 555</p> <p>20.3 MG Operation 556</p> <p>20.4 Challenges 556</p> <p>20.5 Handling the Challenges 557</p> <p>20.6 Control Methodology 558</p> <p>20.7 Case Study 560</p> <p>20.8 Protection for MGs 570</p> <p>20.9 Concluding Remarks on MGs 572</p> <p>20.10 Smart Grids 572</p> <p>Appendix A Data Of Microgrid Components 581</p> <p>Appendix B Matlab Simulink Models 583</p> <p>References 589</p> <p>Index 601</p>
<p>ABDELHAY A. SALLAM, PhD, is a life senior member of the IEEE and Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at the Port Said University, Egypt. Sallam and Malik coauthored the Wiley-IEEE Press book entitled Electric Distribution Systems. <p>OM P.??MALIK, PhD, is a Life Fellow of IEEE, and a Fellow of IET, the Engineering Institute of Canada, Canadian Academy of Engineering, Engineers Canada and World Innovation Foundation. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the Provinces of Alberta and Ontario, Canada.
<p>A comprehensive review of the theory and practice for designing, operating, and optimizing electric distribution systems, revised and updated <p>Now in its second edition,??Electric Distribution Systems??has been revised and updated and continues to provide a two-tiered approach for designing, installing, and managing effective and efficient electric distribution systems. With an emphasis on both the practical and theoretical approaches, the text is a guide to the underlying theory and concepts and provides a resource for applying that knowledge to problem solving. The authors—noted experts in the field—explain the analytical tools and techniques essential for designing and operating electric distribution systems. In addition, the authors reinforce the theories and practical information presented with real-world examples as well as hundreds of clear illustrations and photos. <p>This essential resource contains the information needed to design electric distribution systems that meet the requirements of specific loads, cities, and zones. The authors also show how to recognize and quickly respond to problems that may occur during system operations, as well as revealing how to improve the performance of electric distribution systems with effective system automation and monitoring. This updated edition: <ul> <li>Contains new information about recent developments in the field particularly in regard to renewable energy generation</li> <li>Clarifies the perspective of various aspects relating to protection schemes and accompanying equipment</li> <li>Includes illustrative descriptions of a variety of distributed energy sources and their integration with distribution systems</li> <li>Explains the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, various types of energy storage systems and the role they play to improve power quality, stability, and reliability</li> </ul> <p>Written for engineers in electric utilities, regulators, and consultants working with electric distribution systems planning and projects, the second edition of??Electric Distribution Systems??offers an updated text to both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of electrical distribution systems.

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