Details

Doing Physics with Scientific Notebook

A Problem Solving Approach
1. Aufl.

von: Joseph Gallant
58,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	27.02.2012
ISBN/EAN:	9781119941569
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	528

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

The goal of this book is to teach undergraduate students how to use Scientific Notebook (SNB) to solve physics problems. SNB software combines word processing and mathematics in standard notation with the power of symbolic computation. As its name implies, SNB can be used as a notebook in which students set up a math or science problem, write and solve equations, and analyze and discuss their results. Written by a physics teacher with over 20 years experience, this text includes topics that have educational value, fit within the typical physics curriculum, and show the benefits of using SNB. This easy-to-read text: <ul> <li>Provides step-by-step instructions for using Scientific Notebook (SNB) to solve physics problems</li> <li>Features examples in almost every section to enhance the reader's understanding of the relevant physics and to provide detailed instructions on using SNB</li> <li>Follows the traditional physics curriculum, so it can be used to supplement teaching at all levels of undergraduate physics</li> <li>Includes many problems taken from the author’s class notes and research</li> </ul> Aimed at undergraduate physics and engineering students, this text teaches readers how to use SNB to solve some everyday physics problems.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xv So we’re all on the same page... xvii What is science? xviii To the Student xix To the Teacher xx Contact Information xx Acknowledgments xxi 1 Introduction to SNB 1 Why SNB? 1 The Basics 2 Physics à la mode: Math or Text 8 Creating Mathematical Expressions 8 Evaluate and Evaluate Numerically 11 Scientific Notation 13 Substitution and Endpoint Evaluation 14 Solving Equations 17 Solve Exact 18 Solve Numeric 21 Systems of Equations 24 The Compute Menu 25 Simplify and Expand 25 Factor 26 Rewrite and Combine 28 Check Equality 29 Polynomials 31 Power Series 32 Definitions 35 Other Good Stuff 37 Computing In-place 37 Making Assumptions About Variables 37 Limits 40 A Few Words About Calculus 42 Units 46 Converting Units 47 User-Defined Units 51 Plotting 52 Plot 2D Rectangular 54 Other 2-Dimensional Plots 55 Plot 3D Rectangular 58 Cylindrical and Spherical Plots 60 Plotting Data 63 Fitting a Curve to Data 63 Differential Equations 67 Solve ODE Exact and Laplace 68 Solve ODE Numeric 70 Problems 75 2 One-Dimensional Kinematics 83 Constant Acceleration 83 Displacement and Position 83 Velocity and Acceleration 84 Equations of Motion 86 Signs of the Times 88 Free Fall 89 Varying Acceleration 91 Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration 91 Equations of Motion 93 Gravity and Air Resistance 96 Resisting Air Resistance is Futile 97 Long-Distance Free Fall 99 Problems 102 3 Vectors 105 Components of a Vector 107 Magnitude and Direction 108 Adding Vectors 111 The Component Method 112 The SNB Method 113 The Graphing Method 115 Unit Vectors 119 Multiplying Vectors 120 Dot Product 121 Cross Product 122 Problems 125 4 Projectile Motion 127 No Air Resistance 127 Trajectory 132 Time of Flight 134 Maximum Height 135 Linear Air Resistance 137 Trajectory 141 Time of Flight and Range 143 Maximum Height 145 Turn Off the Air! 146 Turn Down the Air! 147 Quadratic Air Resistance 151 Height-Dependent Air Resistance 152 Problems 154 5 Newton’s Laws of Motion 157 Newton’s First Law 157 Newton’s Second Law for Constant Forces 158 Newton’s Second Law for Varying Forces 165 Time-Dependent Forces 165 Velocity-Dependent Forces 167 Position-Dependent Forces 170 Newton’s Third Law 173 Problems 175 6 Conservation Laws 179 Definitions 179 Conservation of Energy 181 Work 181 The Work-Energy Theorem 185 Potential Energy 186 Mechanical Energy is Conserved 188 A Complete Bookkeeping 191 Conservation of Momentum 193 Collisions in 1-Dimension 193 Collisions in 2-Dimensions 196 Rockets 199 Deep Space 199 Launch 202 Air Resistance 207 Varying Gravity and Air Resistance 213 Problems 216 7 Circular Motion 221 Uniform Circular Motion 222 The Rotating Umbrella 224 Rotational Kinematics 227 The Compact Disk 229 Newton’s Second Law and Circular Motion 233 Uniform Circular Motion and the 2nd Law 233 Non-Uniform Circular Motion and the 2nd Law 235 Sliding on a Sphere 236 Problems 248 8 Harmonic Motion 251 Simple Harmonic Motion, Simply 251 Energy and SHM 254 Not-Quite-as-Simple Harmonic Motion 255 Energy and SHM, Again 257 Damped Harmonic Motion 259 Underdamped (β2 < ω20) 259 Critically Damped (β2 = ω20) 261 Overdamped (β2 > ω20) 262 Driven Harmonic Motion 263 Constant Driving Force, no Damping 263 Sinusoidal Driving Force, no Damping 264 Constant Driving Force with Damping 265 Sinusoidal Driving Force with Damping 267 Small Oscillations 270 Not-so-Simple Harmonic Motion 272 Problems 275 9 Central Forces 279 Equations of Motion 279 Newtonian Gravitation 285 Kepler’s Laws 286 The Effective Potential 292 Two Special Forces 296 The 3-d Harmonic Oscillator 296 The Inverse-Square Force 299 Numerical Stuff 303 Problems 305 10 Fluids 309 Density and Pressure 309 Static Fluids 311 Buoyancy 312 Fluids in Motion 314 Bernoulli’s Equation 316 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation 318 A More Realistic Approach 320 Flow in a Pipe 321 Stokes’ Law 330 Problems 331 11 Temperature and Heat 335 Temperature Scales 335 Absolute Temperature 337 Heat and Work 338 Heat Flow 339 Change in Temperature: Specific Heat 339 Change in State: Latent Heat 340 Calorimetry 341 Varying Specific Heat 344 The Specific Heat of Solids 345 Problems 353 12 Special Relativity 359 The Two Postulates 360 The Consequences 361 Time Dilation 363 Length Contraction 364 Addition of Velocities 365 Simultaneity 367 The Lorentz Transformation 367 Space-Time 370 Relativistic Momentum and Energy 375 Relativistic Collisions 378 Relativistic Dynamics 382 Four-Vectors 387 Problems 392 A Topics in Classical Physics 397 Newton’s Nose-Cone Problem 397 Simple Shapes 398 Frusta and Fudges 403 Newton’s Minimizer 409 Indented Tips and the Minimizer 411 The Shape of the Eiffel Tower 414 An Interesting Classical Orbit 417 Fisher’s Crystal 421 Problems 428 B Topics in Modern Physics 435 The Tale of the Traveling Triplets 435 Trip 1: Constance goes to Vega 435 Relativistic Interlude: Constant Acceleration 437 Trip 2: Axel goes to Vega 441 What happens on the way to Vega... 443 Orbits in General Relativity 445 Angular Momentum 447 Precessing Ellipses and Periodic Orbits 451 Be the Ball: Embedding Diagrams 456 Classical Lifetime of a Hydrogen Atom 460 Missed It By That Much 460 Can Special Relativity Save the Day? 462 Quantum Mechanical Bound States 465 Infinite Square Well (“Particle in a Box”) 467 Finite Square Well 470 V-shaped Linear Well 477 Problems 483 References and Suggested Reading 491 Index 495

Autorenportrait

Joe Gallant, Kent State University, USA Joe Gallant is currently a tenured associate professor of physics at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. in 1996 in theoretical nuclear physics from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His primary task is teaching and he taught a number of physics courses at Kent State University from 1993 to 2007 before moving to Hiram College, where his currently responsible for teaching a number of physics courses, including: Principles of Physics I and II; Doing Physics with Scientific Notebook; Modern Physics; Thermal Physics and Electricity and Magnetism. He also carries out original research, and has published three papers where he uses used SNB to do the calculations. His current research involves classical periodic orbits near black holes.

Back cover copy

The goal of this book is to teach undergraduate students how to use Scientific Notebook (SNB) to solve physics problems. SNB software combines word processing and mathematics in standard notation with the power of symbolic computation. As its name implies, SNB can be used as a notebook in which students set up a math or science problem, write and solve equations, and analyze and discuss their results. Written by a physics teacher with over 20 years experience, this text includes topics that have educational value, fit within the typical physics curriculum, and show the benefits of using SNB. This easy-to-read text: <ul> <li>Provides step-by-step instructions for using Scientific Notebook (SNB) to solve physics problems</li> <li>Features examples in almost every section to enhance the reader's understanding of the relevant physics and to provide detailed instructions on using SNB</li> <li>Follows the traditional physics curriculum, so it can be used to supplement teaching at all levels of undergraduate physics</li> <li>Includes many problems taken from the author's class notes and research</li> </ul> Aimed at undergraduate physics and engineering students, this text teaches readers how to use SNB to solve some everyday physics problems. A word from the author "Solving real-world problems usually requires more complicated mathematics than the idealized problems presented in introductory textbooks. Those 'easy' problems are a good place to start. Once you solve and understand them, we'll add some complications and let SNB do the math. This lets us solve interesting, more realistic problems, and this book will be a useful reference for your entire undergraduate career."