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<p>Preface ix<br />1 Plasma Fundamentals 1<br />Introduction, 1<br />1.1 Electromagnetic Field, 3<br />1.2 Debye Length, 7<br />1.3 Plasma Frequency, 10<br />1.4 Poisson Equation of Plasmadynamics, 12<br />1.5 Electric Conductivity, 13<br />1.6 Generalized Ohm's Law, 16<br />1.7 Maxwell's Equations, 19<br />1.8 Waves in Plasma, 20<br />1.9 Electromagnetic Waves Propagation, 23<br />1.10 Joule Heating, 27<br />1.11 Transport Properties, 29<br />1.12 Ambipolar Diffusion, 32<br />2 Ionization Processes 36<br />Introduction, 36<br />2.1 Microscopic Description of Gas, 38<br />2.2 Macroscopic Description of Gas, 43<br />2.3 Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium, 47<br />2.4 Saha Equation of Ionization, 50<br />2.5 Ionization Mechanisms, 51<br />2.6 Photoionization, 54<br />2.7 Thermal Ionization, 56<br />2.8 Electron Impact Ionization, 61<br />3 Magnetohydrodynamics Formulation 69<br />Introduction, 69<br />3.1 Basic Assumptions of MHD, 71<br />3.2 Ideal MHD Equations, 74<br />3.3 Eigenvalues of Ideal MHD Equation, 80<br />3.4 Full MHD Equations, 86<br />3.5 Shock Jump Condition in Plasma, 91<br />3.6 Solutions of MHD Equations, 95<br />4 Computational Electromagnetics 102<br />Introduction, 102<br />4.1 Time-Dependent Maxwell Equations, 105<br />4.2 Characteristic-Based Formulation, 108<br />4.3 Governing Equations on Curvilinear Coordinates, 112<br />4.4 Far Field Boundary Conditions, 121<br />4.5 Finite-Difference Approximation, 123<br />4.6 Finite-Volume Approximation, 131<br />4.7 High-Resolution Algorithms, 137<br />5 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Scattering 146<br />Introduction, 146<br />5.1 Plane Electromagnetic Waves, 147<br />5.2 Motion in Waveguide, 150<br />5.3 Wave Passes through Plasma Sheet, 155<br />5.4 Pyramidal Horn Antenna, 160<br />5.5 Wave Reflection and Scattering, 168<br />5.6 Radar Signature Reduction, 177<br />5.7 A Prospective of CEM in the Time Domain, 180<br />6 Computational Fluid Dynamics 192<br />Introduction, 192<br />6.1 Governing Equations, 194<br />6.2 Viscous-Inviscid Interactions, 199<br />6.3 Self-Sustained Oscillations, 209<br />6.4 Vortical Dynamics, 221<br />6.5 Laminar-Turbulent Transition, 228<br />7 Computational Electromagnetic-Aerodynamics 237<br />Introduction, 237<br />7.1 Multifluid Plasma Model, 239<br />7.2 Governing Equations of CEA, 242<br />7.3 Chemical Kinetics for Thermal Ionization, 250<br />7.4 Chemical Kinetics for Electron Impact Ionization, 258<br />7.5 Transport Properties, 262<br />7.6 Numerical Algorithms, 268<br />8 Modeling Electron Impact Ionization 279<br />Introduction, 279<br />8.1 Transport Property via Drift-Diffusion Theory, 282<br />8.2 Drift-Diffusion Theory in Transverse Magnetic Field, 289<br />8.3 Boundary Conditions on Electrodes, 292<br />8.4 Quantum Chemical Kinetics, 300<br />8.5 Numerical Algorithms, 305<br />8.6 Innovative Numerical Procedures, 311<br />9 Joule-Heating Actuators 325<br />Introduction, 325<br />9.1 Features of Direct Current Discharge, 327<br />9.2 Virtual Leading Edge Strake, 333<br />9.3 Magnetic Field Amplification, 341<br />9.4 Virtual Variable Geometry Cowl, 349<br />9.5 Trailing Edge of Airfoil, 358<br />9.6 Hydrodynamic Stability and Self-Oscillation, 362<br />10 Lorentz-Force Actuator 369<br />Introduction, 369<br />10.1 Remote Energy Deposition, 371<br />10.2 Stagnation Point Heat Transfer Mitigation, 376<br />10.3 Features of Dielectric Barrier Discharge, 379<br />10.4 Periodic Electrostatic Force, 390<br />10.5 DBD Flow Control Actuator, 402<br />10.6 Laminar-Turbulent Transition, 406<br />10.7 Ion Thrusters for Space Exploration, 408<br />10.8 Plasma Micro Jet, 413<br />Index 419</p>

<p><b>Joseph Shang </b>is a Research Professor Emeritus at Wright State University, USA, and a Scientist Emeritus at the Air Force Research Laboratory. He received his PhD in Aerospace Engineering from Ohio State University. Dr. Shang is a pioneer of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), and led the development of three-dimensional, mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations simulations for the aerodynamic performance of aerospace vehicles as well as the characteristic-based formulation for solving three-dimensional Maxwell equations in the time domain. He is a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronauts and Astronautics, and serves on the advisory board of the Aerospace Engineering Department. He has written nearly 400 articles and conference papers, as well as 14 book chapters.</p>

<p>Presents numerical algorithms, procedures, and techniques required to solve engineering problems relating to the interactions between electromagnetic fields, fluid flow, and interdisciplinary technology for aerodynamics, electromagnetics, chemical-physics kinetics, and plasmadynamics</p> <p>This book addresses modeling and simulation science and technology for studying ionized gas phenomena in engineering applications. <i>Computational Electromagnetic-Aerodynamics</i> is organized into ten chapters. Chapter one to three introduce the fundamental concepts of plasmadynamics, chemical-physics of ionization, classical magnetohydrodynamics, and their extensions to plasma-based flow control actuators, high-speed flows of interplanetary re-entry, and ion thrusters in space exploration. Chapter four to six explain numerical algorithms and procedures for solving Maxwell’s equation in the time domain for computational electromagnetics, plasma wave propagation, and the time-dependent compressible Navier-Stokes equation for aerodynamics. The concluding chapters discuss developments in computational electromagnetic-aerodynamics for multi-fluid models, including chemical kinetics by nonequilibrium thermal excitations, and chemical-physics by electron impact ionization.</p> <ul> <li>Integrates interlinking computational model and simulation techniques of aerodynamics and electromagnetics</li> <li>Combines classic plasma drift-diffusion theory and electron impact ionization modeling for electromagnetic-aerodynamic interactions</li> <li>Describes models of internal degrees of freedom for vibration relaxation and electron excitations</li> </ul> <p>This book is intended for aerospace researcher and engineers, as well as graduate students in preparation for thesis and dissertation research.</p> <p><b>Joseph Shang </b>is a Research Professor Emeritus at Wright State University, USA, and a Scientist Emeritus at the Air Force Research Laboratory. He received his PhD in Aerospace Engineering from Ohio State University. Dr. Shang is a pioneer of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), and led the development of three-dimensional, mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations simulations for the aerodynamic performance of aerospace vehicles as well as the characteristic-based formulation for solving three-dimensional Maxwell equations in the time domain. He is a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronauts and Astronautics, and serves on the advisory board of the Aerospace Engineering Department. He has written nearly 400 articles and conference papers, as well as 14 book chapters.</p>

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