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<p>Preface xvii</p> <p><b>1 Bioreceptors for Cells 1</b><br /><i>Vipul Prajapati and Salona Roy</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Classification of the Cell as a Bioreceptor 2</p> <p>1.3 Types of Nanomaterials Used in Cell Biosensor 9</p> <p>1.4 Classification of Biosensors Based on Transducers 10</p> <p>1.5 Application of Biosensors of Cells 22</p> <p>1.6 Analytical Method for Biosensors of Cells 25</p> <p>1.7 Recovery Time 27</p> <p>1.8 Conclusion 28</p> <p><b>2 Bioreceptors for Enzymatic Interactions 33</b><br /><i>Vipul Prajapati and Shraddha Shinde</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 33</p> <p>2.2 History of Biosensors 34</p> <p>2.3 Biosensors 36</p> <p>2.4 Classification of Biosensors 37</p> <p>2.5 Types of Bioreceptors 38</p> <p>2.6 Transducers for Enzymatic Interactions 42</p> <p>2.7 Enzymes and Enzymatic Interactions in Biosensor 45</p> <p>2.8 Applications of Enzyme Biosensor 52</p> <p>2.9 Conclusion and Future Expectations 56</p> <p><b>3 Dendrimer-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors 61</b><br /><i>Chetna Modi, Vipul Prajapati, Nikita Udhwani, Khyati Parekh and Hiteshi Chadha</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 61</p> <p>3.2 Biosensors 69</p> <p>3.3 Dendrimers in Drug Delivery System 70</p> <p>3.4 Dendrimers as Sensors 74</p> <p>3.5 Conclusion 79</p> <p><b>4 Biosensors in 2D Photonic Crystals 85</b><br /><i>Gowdhami D. and V. R. Balaji</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 85</p> <p>4.2 Biosensors 86</p> <p>4.3 The Overall Inference 98</p> <p>4.4 Conclusion 98</p> <p><b>5 Bioreceptors for Affinity Binding in Theranostic Development 103</b><br /><i>Tracy Ann Bruce-Tagoe, Jaison Jeevanandam and Michael K. Danquah</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 103</p> <p>5.2 Affinity-Binding Receptors 104</p> <p>5.3 Affinity-Binding Bioreceptors in Theranostic Applications 107</p> <p>5.4 Conclusion 112</p> <p><b>6 Biosensors for Glucose Monitoring 117</b><br /><i>Hoang Vinh Tran</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 118</p> <p>6.2 Development of Enzyme-Based Glucose Biosensors 124</p> <p>6.3 Fabrication of Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors 127</p> <p>6.4 Recent Trends for Development of Glucose Biosensors 133</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion 136</p> <p><b>7 Metal-Free Quantum Dots-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors 145</b><br /><i>Esra Bilgin Simsek</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>7.2 Metal-Free Quantum Dots as Biosensors 146</p> <p>7.3 Conclusions 161</p> <p><b>8 Bioreceptors for Microbial Biosensors 169</b><br /><i>S. Nalini, S. Sathiyamurthi, P. Ramya, R. Sivagamasundari, K. Mythili and M. Revathi</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 169</p> <p>8.2 Progression of Biosensor Technology 170</p> <p>8.3 Biosensors Types 170</p> <p>8.4 Why is a Biosensor Required? 171</p> <p>8.5 Optical Microbial Biosensors 171</p> <p>8.6 Mechanical Microbial Biosensor 172</p> <p>8.7 Electrochemical Biosensor 172</p> <p>8.8 Impedimetric Microbial Biosensor 176</p> <p>8.9 Application of Bs in Various Fields 176</p> <p>8.10 Recent Trends, Future Challenges, and Constrains of Biosensor Technology 178</p> <p>8.11 Conclusion 180</p> <p><b>9 Plasmonic Nanomaterials in Sensors 185</b><br /><i>Noor Mohammadd, Ruhul Amin, Kawsar Ahmed and Francis M. Bui</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 185</p> <p>9.2 Fundamentals of Plasmonics 188</p> <p>9.3 Optical Properties of Plasmonic Nanomaterials 189</p> <p>9.4 Fiber Optic and PCF-Based Plasmonic Sensors 190</p> <p>9.5 Effects of Plasmonic Nanomaterials in PCF-Based SPR Sensors 191</p> <p>9.6 Current Challenges and Future Directions 195</p> <p>9.7 Conclusion 195</p> <p><b>10 Magnetic Biosensors 201</b><br /><i>Sumaiya Akhtar Mitu, Kawsar Ahmed and Francis M. Bui</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 201</p> <p>10.2 History 202</p> <p>10.3 Structural Design 203</p> <p>10.4 Numerical Analysis 204</p> <p>10.5 Outcome Analysis 206</p> <p>10.5.1 Magnetic Fluid Sensor 206</p> <p>10.5.2 Elliptical Hole-Assisted Magnetic Fluid Sensor 208</p> <p>10.5.3 Ring Core Fiber 208</p> <p>10.6 Conclusion 210</p> <p><b>11 Biosensors for Salivary Biomarker Detection of Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases 215</b><br /><i>Bhama Sajeevan, Gopika M.G., Sreelekshmi, Rejithammol R., Santhy Antherjanam and Beena Saraswathyamma</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 215</p> <p>11.2 Biosensors for Neurodegenerative Diseases 218</p> <p>11.3 Biosensor for Cancer 229</p> <p>11.4 Conclusion 235</p> <p><b>12 Design and Development of Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Recognition of Biological Amines and Their Cell Imaging Studies 245</b><br /><i>Nelson Malini, Sepperumal Murugesan and Ayyanar Siva</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 245</p> <p>12.2 Chemosensors 246</p> <p>12.3 Importance of Biogenic Amines 247</p> <p>12.4 Conclusion 261</p> <p><b>13 Application of Optical Nanoprobes for Supramolecular Biosensing: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives 267</b><br /><i>Riyanka Das, Rajeshwari Pal, Sourav Bej, Moumita Mondal and Priyabrata Banerjee</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 267</p> <p>13.2 Optical Nanoprobes for Biosensing Applications 270</p> <p>13.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 297</p> <p><b>14 In Vivo Applications for Nanomaterials in Biosensors 327</b><br /><i>Abhinay Thakur and Ashish Kumar</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 327</p> <p>14.2 Types of NM-Based Biosensors 332</p> <p>14.3 Conclusion and Perspectives 342</p> <p><b>15 Biosensor and Nanotechnology for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer 347</b><br /><i>Kavitha Sharanappa Gudadur, Aiswarya Manammal and PandiyarasanVeluswamy</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 347</p> <p>15.2 Characteristics of Biosensors 350</p> <p>15.3 Cancer Therapy with Nanomaterials 352</p> <p>15.4 Diagnosis of Breast Cancer 359</p> <p>15.5 Conclusion 362</p> <p><b>16 Bioreceptors for Antigen--Antibody Interactions 371</b><br /><i>Vipul Prajapati and Princy Shrivastav</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 371</p> <p>16.2 Antibodies: A Brief Overview 372</p> <p>16.3 Antigen--Antibody Reactions 379</p> <p>16.4 Antibody-Based Biosensors (Immunosensors) 381</p> <p>16.5 Modified Antibodies as Bioreceptors: A Novel Approach 390</p> <p>16.6 Conclusion 391</p> <p><b>17 Biosensors for Paint and Pigment Analysis 395</b><br /><i>Sonal Desai, Priyal Desai and Vipul Prajapati</i></p> <p>17.1 Paint and Pigments 396</p> <p>17.2 Characteristics of Pigments for Paints 399</p> <p>17.3 Analysis of Paints and Pigments 400</p> <p>17.4 Biosensors and Their Background 400</p> <p>17.5 Components, Principle and Working of Biosensors 401</p> <p>17.6 Applications of Biosensors 402</p> <p>17.7 Conclusion 412</p> <p><b>18 Bioreceptors for Tissue 419</b><br /><i>Vipul Prajapati, Jenifer Ferreir, Riya Patel, Shivani Patel and Pragati Joshi</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 420</p> <p>18.2 History 422</p> <p>18.3 Tissue-Based Biosensors 423</p> <p>18.4 Classification 425</p> <p>18.5 Applications of Tissue-Based Biosensors 432</p> <p>18.6 Generalized Areas Encompassing Biosensors 435</p> <p>18.7 Conclusion 437</p> <p><b>19 Biosensors for Pesticide Detection 443</b><br /><i>Hoang Vinh Tran</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 445</p> <p>19.2 Biosensors for Pesticide Detection 447</p> <p>19.3 Electrochemical Immunosensors for Pesticide Detection 456</p> <p>19.4 Applications of Nanomaterials for the Development of Pesticide Immunosensors 462</p> <p>19.5 Conclusion 464</p> <p><b>20 Advances in Biosensor Applications for Agroproducts Safety 469</b><br /><i>Adeshina Fadeyibi</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 469</p> <p>20.2 Biosensors for Safety of Plant Products 470</p> <p>20.3 Biosensors for Safety of Animal Products 473</p> <p>20.4 Biosensors for Safety of Microbes Used in Food Processing and Storage 476</p> <p>20.5 Prospects and Conclusions 476</p> <p>References 476</p> <p>Index 481</p>

<p><b>Inamuddin, PhD, </b> is an assistant professor at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and is also an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in the multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy and environmental science. He has published about 190 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 60 edited books with multiple well-known publishers. <p><b>Tariq Altalhi</b> is Head of the Department of Chemistry and Vice Dean of Science College at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He received his PhD from the University of Adelaide, Australia in 2014. His research interests include developing advanced chemistry-based solutions for solid and liquid municipal waste management, converting plastic bags to carbon nanotubes, as well as fly ash to efficient adsorbent material. He also researches natural extracts and their application in the generation of value-added products such as nanomaterials.

<p><b>The second edition of <i>Biosensors Nanotechnology</i> comprises 20 chapters and discusses a wide range of applications exploited by biosensors based on nanoparticles including new domains of bionics, power production and computing. </b> <p>The biosensor industry began as a small, niche activity in the 1980s and has since developed into a large, global industry. Nanomaterials have substantially improved not only non-pharmaceutical and healthcare uses, but also telecommunications, paper, and textile manufacturing. Biological sensing assists in the understanding of living systems and is used in a variety of sectors, including medicine, drug discovery, process control, environmental monitoring, food safety, military and personal protection. It allows for new opportunities in bionics, power generation and computing, all of which will benefit from a greater understanding of the bio-electronic relationship, as advances in communications and computational modeling enable us to reconsider how healthcare is offered and R&D and manufacturing are enhanced. <p>In this fast-evolving discipline, the combination of nanoscale materials with biosensor technology has gained a lot of traction. Nanostructures have been used to increase the adherence of biosensor materials to electrode surfaces, print nano barcodes on biomaterials, increase the pace of bio-responses, and amplify the electric signal. Some of the topics discussed in the book include: Bioreceptors for Cells; Bioreceptors for Enzymatic Interactions; Dendrimer-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors; Biosensors in 2D Photonic Crystals; Bioreceptors for Affinity Binding in Theranostic Development; Biosensors for Glucose Monitoring; Metal-Free Quantum Dots-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors; Bioreceptors for Microbial Biosensors; Plasmonic Nanomaterials in Sensors; Magnetic Biosensors; Biosensors for Salivary Biomarker Detection of Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Design and Development of Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Recognition of Biological Amines and Their Cell Imaging Studies; Application of Optical Nanoprobes for Supramolecular Biosensing; <i>In Vivo</i> Applications for Nanomaterials in Biosensors; Biosensor and Nanotechnology for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer; Bioreceptors for Antigen–Antibody Interactions; Biosensors for Paint and Pigment Analysis; Bioreceptors for Tissue; Biosensors for Pesticide Detection; and Advances in Biosensor Applications for Agroproducts Safety. <p><b>Audience</b> <p>The book is written for a large and broad readership including researchers, industry engineers, and university graduate students from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science, physics, pharmacy, medical science, biomedical engineering, electronics engineering, and nanotechnology.

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