Details

An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics


An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics


2. Aufl.

von: John M. Reynolds

50,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 31.03.2011
ISBN/EAN: 9780470975442
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 712

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Beschreibungen

<p><i>An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, 2<sup>nd</sup> Edition,</i> describes the rapidly developing field of near-surface geophysics. The book covers a range of applications including mineral, hydrocarbon and groundwater exploration, and emphasises the use of geophysics in civil engineering and in environmental investigations. Following on from the international popularity of the <i>first edition</i>, this new, revised, and much expanded edition contains additional case histories, and descriptions of geophysical techniques not previously included in such textbooks.</p> <p>The level of mathematics and physics is deliberately kept to a minimum but is described qualitatively within the text. Relevant mathematical expressions are separated into boxes to supplement the text. The book is profusely illustrated with many figures, photographs and line drawings, many never previously published. Key source literature is provided in an extensive reference section; a list of web addresses for key organisations is also given in an appendix as a valuable additional resource.</p> <ul> <li>Covers new techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Sounding, Controlled- Source EM, shear-wave seismic refraction, and airborne gravity and EM techniques</li> <li>Now includes radioactivity surveying and more discussions of down-hole geophysical methods; hydrographic and Sub-Bottom Profiling surveying; and UneXploded Ordnance detection</li> <li>Expanded to include more forensic, archaeological, glaciological, agricultural and bio-geophysical applications</li> <li>Includes more information on physio-chemical properties of geological, engineering and environmental materials</li> <li>Takes a fully global approach</li> <li>Companion website with additional resources available at <b>www.wiley.com/go/reynolds/introduction2e</b></li> <li>Accessible core textbook for undergraduates as well as an ideal reference for industry professionals</li> </ul> <p>The <i>second edition</i> is ideal for students wanting a broad introduction to the subject and is also designed for practising civil and geotechnical engineers, geologists, archaeologists and environmental scientists who need an overview of modern geophysical methods relevant to their discipline. While the <i>first edition</i> was the first textbook to provide such a comprehensive coverage of environmental geophysics, the <i>second edition</i> is even more far ranging in terms of techniques, applications and case histories.</p>
<p>Preface to the 2nd Edition xi</p> <p>Acknowledgements xiii</p> <p><b>1 Introduction 1</b></p> <p>1.1 What are ‘applied’ and ‘environmental’ geophysics? 1</p> <p>1.2 Geophysical methods 3</p> <p>1.3 Matching geophysical methods to applications 5</p> <p>1.4 Planning a geophysical survey 5</p> <p>1.5 Geophysical survey design 9</p> <p><b>2 Gravity Methods 19</b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 19</p> <p>2.2 Physical basis 19</p> <p>2.3 Measurement of gravity 24</p> <p>2.4 Gravity meters 26</p> <p>2.5 Corrections to gravity observations 34</p> <p>2.6 Interpretation methods 45</p> <p>2.7 Applications and case histories 59</p> <p><b>3 Geomagnetic Methods 83</b></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 83</p> <p>3.2 Basic concepts and units of geomagnetism 83</p> <p>3.3 Magnetic properties of rocks 87</p> <p>3.4 The Earth’s magnetic field 89</p> <p>3.5 Magnetic instruments 95</p> <p>3.6 Magnetic surveying 100</p> <p>3.7 Qualitative interpretation 103</p> <p>3.8 Quantitative interpretation 107</p> <p>3.9 Applications and case histories 123</p> <p><b>4 Applied Seismology: Introduction and Principles 143</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 143</p> <p>4.2 Seismic waves 144</p> <p>4.3 Raypath geometry in layered ground 149</p> <p>4.4 Loss of seismic energy 152</p> <p>4.5 Seismic energy sources 154</p> <p>4.6 Detection and recording of seismic waves 169</p> <p><b>5 Seismic Refraction Surveying 179</b></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 179</p> <p>5.2 General principles of refraction surveying 179</p> <p>5.3 Geometry of refracted raypaths 182</p> <p>5.4 Interpretational methods 186</p> <p>5.5 Applications and case histories 193</p> <p>5.6 Shear wave methods 208</p> <p><b>6 Seismic Reflection Surveying 217</b></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 217</p> <p>6.2 Reflection surveys 217</p> <p>6.3 Reflection data processing 228</p> <p>6.4 Correlating seismic data with borehole logs and cones 246</p> <p>6.5 Interpretation 250</p> <p>6.6 Applications 257</p> <p><b>7 Electrical Resistivity Methods 289</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 289</p> <p>7.2 Basic principles 289</p> <p>7.3 Electrode configurations and geometric factors 293</p> <p>7.4 Modes of deployment 301</p> <p>7.5 Interpretation methods 311</p> <p>7.6 ERT applications and case histories 326</p> <p>7.7 Mise-`a-la-masse (MALM) method 336</p> <p>7.8 Leak detection through artificial membranes 346</p> <p><b>8 Spontaneous (Self) Potential Methods 349</b></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 349</p> <p>8.2 Occurrence of self-potentials 349</p> <p>8.3 Origin of self-potentials 349</p> <p>8.4 Measurement of self-potentials 353</p> <p>8.5 Corrections to SP data 354</p> <p>8.6 Interpretation of self-potential anomalies 354</p> <p>8.7 Applications and case histories 357</p> <p>8.8 Electrokinetic (EK) surveying 371</p> <p><b>9 Induced Polarisation 373</b></p> <p>9.3 Measurement of induced polarisation 376</p> <p>9.4 Applications and case histories 384</p> <p><b>10 Electromagnetic Methods: Introduction and Principles 403</b></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 403</p> <p>10.2 Principles of EM surveying 407</p> <p>10.3 Airborne EM surveying 411</p> <p>10.4 Seaborne EM surveying 418</p> <p>10.5 Borehole EM surveying 426</p> <p><b>11 Electromagnetic Methods: Systems and Applications 431</b></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 431</p> <p>11.2 Continuous-wave (CW) systems 431</p> <p>11.3 Pulse-transient (TEM) or time-domain (TDEM) EM systems 467</p> <p><b>12 Electromagnetic Methods: Systems and Applications II 495</b></p> <p>12.1 Very-low-frequency (VLF) methods 495</p> <p>12.2 The telluric method 502</p> <p>12.3 The magnetotelluric (MT) method 505</p> <p>12.4 Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) 519</p> <p><b>13 Introduction to Ground-Penetrating Radar 535</b></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 535</p> <p>13.2 Principles of operation 537</p> <p>13.3 Propagation of radiowaves 539</p> <p>13.4 Dielectric properties of earth materials 546</p> <p>13.5 Modes of data acquisition 552</p> <p>13.6 Data processing 554</p> <p>13.7 Interpretation techniques 560</p> <p><b>14 Ground-Penetrating Radar: Applications and Case Histories 565</b></p> <p>14.1 Geological mapping 565</p> <p>14.2 Hydrogeology and groundwater contamination 571</p> <p>14.3 Glaciological applications 578</p> <p>14.4 Engineering applications on manmade structures 587</p> <p>14.5 Voids within manmade structures 599</p> <p>14.6 Archaeological investigations 603</p> <p>14.7 Forensic uses of GPR 607</p> <p>14.8 Wide-aperture radar mapping and migration processing 607</p> <p>14.9 Borehole radar 609</p> <p>14.10 UXO and landmine detection 617</p> <p>14.11 Animals 618</p> <p><b>15 Radiometrics 625</b></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 625</p> <p>15.2 Natural radiation 625</p> <p>15.3 Radioactivity of rocks 628</p> <p>15.4 Radiation detectors 628</p> <p>15.5 Data correction methods 633</p> <p>15.6 Radiometric data presentation 635</p> <p>15.7 Case histories 636</p> <p>Appendix 645</p> <p>References 649</p> <p>Index 681</p>
"A course using it will provide as much geophysics as many want or need, he says, but can also establish a foundation for more advanced courses. It discusses some topics rarely covered in introductory texts, such as geophysical survey design and line optimization techniques, image processing of potential field data, recent developments in high-resolution seismic reflection profiling, and electrical resistivity sub-surface imaging." (Book News, 1 August 2011) <p> </p> <p> </p>
<p><b>John M. Reynolds</b> is the author of <i>An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics</i>, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley.</p>
<i>An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, 2nd Edition</i>, describes the rapidly developing field of near-surface geophysics. The book covers a range of applications including mineral, hydrocarbon and groundwater exploration, and emphasizes the use of geophysics in civil engineering and in environmental investigations. Following on from the international popularity of the first edition, this new, revised, and much expanded edition contains additional case histories, and descriptions of geophysical techniques not previously included in such textbooks. <p>The level of mathematics and physics is deliberately kept to a minimum but is described qualitatively within the text. Relevant mathematical expressions are separated into boxes to supplement the text. The book is profusely illustrated with many figures, photographs and line drawings, many never previously published. Key source literature is provided in an extensive reference section; a list of web addresses for key organizations is also given in an appendix as a valuable additional resource.</p> <ul> <li>Covers new techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Sounding, Controlled- Source EM, shear-wave seismic refraction, and airborne gravity and EM techniques</li> <li>Now includes radioactivity surveying and more discussions of down-hole geophysical methods; hydrographic and Sub-Bottom Profiling surveying; and UneXploded Ordnance detection</li> <li>Expanded to include more forensic, archaeological, glaciological, agricultural and bio-geophysical applications</li> <li>Includes more information on physio-chemical properties of geological, engineering and environmental materials</li> <li>Takes a fully global approach</li> <li>Companion website with additional resources available at <b>www.wiley.com/go/reynolds/introduction2e</b></li> <li>Accessible core textbook for undergraduates as well as an ideal reference for industry professionals</li> </ul> <p>The <i>second edition</i> is ideal for students wanting a broad introduction to the subject and is also designed for practicing civil and geotechnical engineers, geologists, archaeologists and environmental scientists who heed an overview of modern geophysical methods relevant to their discipline. While the <i>first edition</i> was the first textbook to provide such a comprehensive coverage of environmental geophysics, the <i>second edition</i> is even more far ranging in terms of techniques, applications and case histories.</p>

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