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A History of Ancient Egypt

Blackwell History of the Ancient World 2. Aufl.

von: Marc Van De Mieroop
38,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	20.01.2021
ISBN/EAN:	9781119620891
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	416

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Titelbeschreibung

Explore the entire history of the ancient Egyptian state from 3000 B.C. to 400 A.D. with this authoritative volume The newly revised Second Edition of A History of Ancient Egypt delivers an up-to-date survey of ancient Egypt's history from its origins to the Roman Empire's banning of hieroglyphics in the fourth century A.D. The book covers developments in all aspects of Egypt's history and their historical sources, considering the social and economic life and the rich culture of ancient Egypt. Freshly updated to take into account recent discoveries, the book makes the latest scholarship accessible to a wide audience, including introductory undergraduate students. A History of Ancient Egypt outlines major political and cultural events and places Egypt's history within its regional context and detailing interactions with western Asia and Africa. Each period of history receives equal attention and a discussion of the problems scholars face in its study. The book offers a foundation for all students interested in Egyptian culture by providing coverage of topics like: <ul> <li>A thorough introduction to the formation of the Egyptian state between the years of 3400 B.C. and 2686 B.C.</li> <li>An exploration of the end of the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate period, from 2345 B.C. to 2055 B.C.</li> <li>An analysis of the Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos between 1700 B.C. and 1550 B.C.</li> <li>A discussion of Greek and Roman Egypt between 332 B.C. and A.D. 395.</li> </ul> Perfect for students of introductory courses in ancient Egyptian history and as background material for students of courses in Egyptian art, archaeology, and culture, A History of Ancient Egypt will also earn a place in the libraries of students taking surveys of the ancient world and those seeking a companion volume to A History of the Ancient Near East.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Illustrations xii Maps xxviii Preface to the Second Edition xxix 1 Introductory Concerns 1 1.1 What is Ancient Egypt? 1 Chronological boundaries 1 Geographical boundaries 2 What is ancient Egyptian history? 3 Who are the ancient Egyptians? 4 1.2 Egypt’s Geography 6 The Nile River 8 The desert 9 Climate 10 Frontiers and links 11 1.3 The Makeup of Egyptian Historical Sources 12 Papyri and ostraca 12 Monumental inscriptions 14 Historical criticism 14 1.4 The Egyptians and Their Past 15 King lists 15 Egyptian concepts of kingship 19 1.5 The Chronology of Egyptian History 20 Modern subdivisions of Egyptian history 20 Absolute chronology 20 1.6 Prehistoric Developments 21 The beginning of agriculture 21 Naqada I and II periods 24 2 The Formation of the Egyptian State (ca. 3400–2686) 27 2.1 Sources 29 2.2 Royal Cemeteries and Cities 31 The Late Naqada culture 31 Dynasty 0 31 2.3 The First Kings 33 Images of war 33 The unification of Egypt 34 2.4 Ideological Foundations of the New State 35 Kings 35 Cemeteries 36 Festivals 36 Royal annals and year names 37 Gods and cults 38 Bureaucracy 40 2.5 The Invention of Writing 42 Precursors at Abydos 42 Hieroglyphic script 42 2.6 Foreign Relations 47 The Uruk culture of Babylonia 47 Late 4th‐millennium Nubia 50 Late 4th‐millennium Palestine 50 3 The Great Pyramid Builders (ca. 2686–2345) 52 3.1 Sources 53 3.2 The Evolution of the Mortuary Complex 55 Djoser’s step pyramid at Saqqara 56 Sneferu’s three pyramids 57 The great pyramids at Giza 58 Solar temples of the 5th dynasty 61 3.3 Administrating the Old Kingdom State 62 Neferirkara’s archive at Abusir 62 Officialdom 64 3.4 Ideological Debates? 67 Problems of royal succession 67 The gods Horus and Ra 69 3.5 Foreign Relations 70 Contacts with Nubia 71 Contacts with Asia 72 The western desert 72 3.6 Later Traditions about the Old Kingdom 73 Djoser and Imhotep 73 Sneferu 74 The great pyramid builders 74 4 The End of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2345–2055) 77 4.1 Sources 78 4.2 The Rise of the Regions and Political Fragmentation 79 Nomes and nomarchs 79 Officials’ biographies 79 Pepy II 83 Why did the Old Kingdom dissolve? 84 4.3 Foreign Relations 87 Nubian independence 87 The eastern desert and the Levant 89 Mercenaries 90 4.4 Competition between Herakleopolis and Thebes 90 Herakleopolis 90 Thebes 90 4.5 Appraising the First Intermediate Period 92 Middle Kingdom literary reflections 92 Historical critique 93 5 The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2055–1650) 95 5.1 Sources and Chronology 96 5.2 Kings and Regional Elites 98 Reunification and the 11th dynasty 99 The start of the 12th dynasty and the foundation of Itj‐tawi 99 Provincial powers in the early Middle Kingdom 101 Royal interference in the provinces 102 Administrative reorganization 104 Royal power in the 13th dynasty 104 5.3 Kings as Warriors 107 The annexation of Nubia 110 5.4 Egypt in the Wider World 112 The early Kingdom of Kush 112 The eastern desert and Sinai 112 Syria and Palestine 114 The world beyond 114 Rhetoric and practice in foreign relations 115 5.5 The Cult of Osiris 116 5.6 Middle Kingdom Literature and its Impact on Egyptian Culture 118 6 The Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos (ca. 1700–1550) 122 6.1 Sources and Chronology 123 6.2 Avaris: Multiple Transformations of a Delta Harbor 124 A history of Avaris 124 Cultural hybridity 125 Other immigrants 127 6.3 The Hyksos 127 The name Hyksos 127 Hyksos origins 127 Egyptian cultural influences 128 Political history 130 The 14th and 16th dynasties 131 Hyksos rule in Palestine? 131 6.4 Nubia and the Kingdom of Kush 131 The independence of Lower Nubia 131 The Kingdom of Kush 132 Kerma 132 The extent of the Kingdom of Kush 134 6.5 Thebes in the Middle 136 Royal tombs 136 Seqenenra Taa 137 Kamose’s war 137 6.6 The Hyksos in Later Perspective 138 Queen Hatshepsut 139 The gods Ra and Seth 139 Manetho and Josephus 141 7 The Birth of Empire: The Early 18th Dynasty (ca. 1550–1390) 145 7.1 Egypt in a New World Order 148 7.2 Sources and Chronology 149 7.3 Egypt at War 150 War and society in the New Kingdom 150 The “war of liberation” 152 The annexation of Nubia 153 Wars in western Asia 157 7.4 Egypt and the Outside World 159 7.5 Domestic Issues 162 Royal succession 162 Hatshepsut 163 Royal funerary customs 167 New Kingdom bureaucracy 169 Building activity in the early 18th dynasty 171 8 The Amarna Revolution and the Late 18th Dynasty (ca. 1390–1295) 175 8.1 An International Age 177 The Club of the Great Powers 178 The administration of Syria and Palestine 179 The rise of the Hittites 181 A failed marriage alliance 182 8.2 Amenhotep III: The Sun King 182 Amenhotep III’s divinity and his building projects 183 The king’s family 186 The king’s court 187 8.3 From Amenhotep III to Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten 188 8.4 Akhenaten 189 Theban years (years 1 to 5) 191 Akhetaten (years 5 to 12) 192 Turmoil (years 12 to 17) 196 Akhenaten’s successors 197 8.5 Akhenaten’s Memory 199 9 The Ramessid Empire (ca. 1295–1213) 203 9.1 Domestic Policy: Restoration and Renewal 205 Sety I 205 Rameses II 206 9.2 International Relations: Reforming the Empire 209 Wars in Syria 209 Egyptian–Hittite peace 212 A new imperial structure 212 Foreigners in Egypt 214 9.3 Rameses’s Court 217 Officials 217 The royal family 219 9.4 A Community of Tomb Builders 222 10 The End of Empire (ca. 1213–1070) 229 10.1 Problems at Court 231 Sety II and Amenmessu 232 Saptah and Tausret 233 Sethnakht 233 10.2 Breakdown of Order 235 Tomb robberies 235 Workers’ strikes 236 10.3 The Decline of Royal Power 237 10.4 Pressures from Abroad 239 Libyans and Sea Peoples 239 The end of the international system 244 10.5 End of the New Kingdom 244 11 The Third Intermediate Period (ca. 1069–715) 249 11.1 Sources and Chronology 250 11.2 Twin Cities: Tanis and Thebes (the 21st dynasty, 1069–945) 253 Tanis 254 Thebes 256 A peaceful coexistence 258 11.3 Libyan Rule (22nd to 24th dynasties, 945–715) 260 Centralization and diffusion of power 260 The God’s Wife of Amun 263 11.4 The End of the Third Intermediate Period 265 Nubian resurgence 265 Saite expansion 267 12 Egypt in the Age of Empires (ca. 715–332) 272 12.1 Sources and Chronology 273 12.2 The Eastern Mediterranean in the 1st Millennium 275 12.3 Egypt, Kush, and Assyria (ca. 715–656) 279 Military incidents 279 12.4 Egypt, Greeks, and Babylonians (656–525) 283 Greek–Egyptian relations 283 Military activity 286 12.5 Recollections of the Past Under the Kings of Kush and Sais 286 12.6 Egypt and Persia (525–332) 290 Domination and resistance 291 Mixing cultures 296 13 Greek and Roman Egypt (332 bc–ad 395) 301 13.1 Sources and Chronology 302 13.2 Alexandria and Philae 304 Alexandria 304 Philae 307 13.3 Kings, Queens, and Emperors 308 The Ptolemies 309 Queen Cleopatra VII 311 Roman Egypt 312 13.4 Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians 313 Administration 313 Culture and religion 316 13.5 Economic Developments: Agriculture, Finance, and Trade 319 13.6 The African Hinterland 321 13.7 The Christianization of Egypt 324 Epilogue 327 Guide to Further Reading 329 Glossary 340 King List 343 Bibliography 349 Index 368

Autorenportrait

Marc Van De Mieroop is Professor of History at Columbia University and Director of Columbia's Center for the Ancient Mediterranean. He has also taught at Oxford University and Yale University. He is the author of King Hammurabi of Babylon, The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramessess II, and A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 B.C.

Back cover copy

Explore the entire history of the ancient Egyptian state from 3000 B.C. to 400 A.D. with this authoritative volume The newly revised Second Edition of A History of Ancient Egypt delivers an up-to-date survey of ancient Egypt's history from its origins to the Roman Empire's banning of hieroglyphics in the fourth century A.D. The book covers developments in all aspects of Egypt's history and their historical sources, considering the social and economic life and the rich culture of ancient Egypt. Freshly updated to take into account recent discoveries, the book makes the latest scholarship accessible to a wide audience, including introductory undergraduate students. A History of Ancient Egypt outlines major political and cultural events and places Egypt's history within its regional context and detailing interactions with western Asia and Africa. Each period of history receives equal attention and a discussion of the problems scholars face in its study. The book offers a foundation for all students interested in Egyptian culture by providing coverage of topics like: <ul> <li>A thorough introduction to the formation of the Egyptian state between the years of 3400 B.C. and 2686 B.C.</li> <li>An exploration of the end of the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate period, from 2345 B.C. to 2055 B.C.</li> <li>An analysis of the Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos between 1700 B.C. and 1550 B.C.</li> <li>A discussion of Greek and Roman Egypt between 332 B.C. and A.D. 395.</li> </ul> Perfect for students of introductory courses in ancient Egyptian history and as background material for students of courses in Egyptian art, archaeology, and culture, A History of Ancient Egypt will also earn a place in the libraries of students taking surveys of the ancient world and those seeking a companion volume to A History of the Ancient Near East.