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<p>Notes on Contributors xi</p> <p>Introduction 1<br /><i>Georgina M. Montgomery and Mark A. Largent</i></p> <p><b>Part I Disciplines 7</b></p> <p>1 Agricultural Sciences 9<br /><i>Samantha Noll</i></p> <p>2 Anthropology 21<br /><i>Adrian Young</i></p> <p>3 Astronomy and Astrophysics 33<br /><i>Peter J. Susalla</i></p> <p>4 Chemistry 44<br /><i>Ann E. Robinson</i></p> <p>5 Computer Science 55<br /><i>Stephanie Dick</i></p> <p>6 Conservation Biology 69<br /><i>Christian C. Young</i></p> <p>7 Economics 82<br /><i>Ross B. Emmett</i></p> <p>8 Experimental Psychology 95<br /><i>Jim Wynter Porter</i></p> <p>9 Genetics 110<br /><i>Melinda Gormley</i></p> <p>10 Geophysics 120<br /><i>Matthew Shindell</i></p> <p>11 Marine Biology 134<br /><i>Samantha Muka</i></p> <p>12 Medical Genetics 147<br /><i>Andrew J. Hogan</i></p> <p>13 Meteorology and Atmospheric Science 160<br /><i>James Bergman</i></p> <p>14 Molecular and Cellular Biology 174<br /><i>Lijing Jiang</i></p> <p>15 Nuclear, High Energy, and Solid State Physics 186<br /><i>Joseph D. Martin</i></p> <p>16 Nutrition 199<br /><i>Jessica Mudry</i></p> <p>17 Paleoanthropology and Human Evolution 213<br /><i>Matthew R. Goodrum</i></p> <p>18 Paleontology 227<br /><i>Paul D. Brinkman</i></p> <p>19 Ecology 241<br /><i>Gina Rumore</i></p> <p>20 Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology 252<br /><i>Abraham H. Gibson and Michael Ruse</i></p> <p>21 Sociology 263<br /><i>Sebasti ´an Gil-Ria˜no</i></p> <p>22 Space and Planetary Sciences 276<br /><i>Erik M. Conway</i></p> <p><b>Part II Topics 289</b></p> <p>23 Biotechnology 291<br /><i>Nathan Crowe</i></p> <p>24 Darwinism 306<br /><i>Adam M. Goldstein</i></p> <p>25 Science Education 320<br /><i>Adam R. Shapiro</i></p> <p>26 Environmental Science 333<br /><i>Daniel Zizzamia</i></p> <p>27 The American Eugenics Movement 345<br /><i>Christine Neejer</i></p> <p>28 Evolution and Creation Debates 361<br /><i>Arthur Ward</i></p> <p>29 Field and Laboratory 374<br /><i>Jeremy Vetter</i></p> <p>30 Gender and Science 385<br /><i>Donald L. Opitz</i></p> <p>31 The Germ Theory 397<br /><i>Jacob Steere-Williams</i></p> <p>32 Instrumentation 408<br /><i>Sara J. Schechner</i></p> <p>33 Science and Literature 420<br /><i>Stephen Rachman</i></p> <p>34 Museums 431<br /><i>Amy Kohout</i></p> <p>35 Natural History 444<br /><i>Pamela M. Henson</i></p> <p>36 Nature Study 456<br /><i>Sally Gregory Kohlstedt</i></p> <p>37 Science and Policy 468<br /><i>Kevin C. Elliott</i></p> <p>38 Popularizing Science 479<br /><i>Constance Areson Clark</i></p> <p>39 Science and Postcolonialism 491<br /><i>Banu Subramaniam</i></p> <p>40 Racial Science 502<br /><i>Robert Bernasconi</i></p> <p>41 Relativity in America 512<br /><i>Daniel Kennefick</i></p> <p>42 Science and Religion 528<br /><i>Mark A. Waddell</i></p> <p>43 Sex and Science 541<br /><i>Miriam G. Reumann</i></p> <p>44 Zoos and Aquariums 553<br /><i>Christian C. Young</i></p> <p>Bibliography 566</p> <p>Index 666</p>

<p><b>Georgina M. Montgomery</b> is Associate Professor of Science History at Michigan State University. She is co-editor of <i>Making Animal Meaning</i> (2011) and author of <i>Primates in the Real World: Escaping Primate Folklore and Creating Primate Science</i> (2015). <p><b>Mark A. Largent</b> is Professor and Associate Dean of Lyman Briggs College at Michigan State University. He is the author of <i>Vaccine: The Debate in Modern America</i> (2012) and <i>Breeding Contempt: The History of Coerced Sterilization in the United States</i> (2007).

<p>A COMPANION TO THE</br> <b>HISTORY OF AMERICAN SCIENCE</b> <p><i>"A Companion to the History of American Science</i> is a fresh and much welcomed sourcebook presenting new interpretations of scientific disciplines and key topics that influenced American culture. It is a seminal contribution that will interest historians of science, Americanists, and scientists."</br> <b><i>Marsha L. Richmond,</i></b> <i>Wayne State University</i> <p>"A collaborative effort of established scholars and rising stars, this <i>Companion</i> brings together a wide-ranging array of entries to highlight the culture-bearing nature of science in the American context.Covering established themes such as the rise of disciplinary knowledge and the professionalization of science, to emerging trends like environmental studies and biotechnology, it is at once summative and forward-looking, both an accumulation of past approaches and a guide to the future of scholarship. It represents an unparalleled compendium of the most significant sub-discipline in the history of science."</br> <b><i>Michael Reidy, Montana</i></b> <i>State University</i> <p><i>A Companion to the History of American Science</i> presents an authoritative overview of the most recent scholarship on the history of American science – from the intellectual curiosity of the Founding Fathers to the country's cutting-edge technological achievements in the 21st century. Featuring contributions from a wide range of established and emerging scholars in related scientific fields, essays explore specific sciences, the intersections of modern science and American society, and techno-science issues in American science historiography. Essays are written with an eye toward accessibility for students, scholars, and non-specialists alike, and cover topics ranging from astronomy, agriculture, biology, chemistry, ecology, and eugenics to relativity, military technology, Big Science, and many more. A key theme is the fundamental question of how the United States – with so few scientific resources and lagging far behind its European counterparts at the beginning of the 19th century – so rapidly developed into an influential and productive scientific community. <i>A Companion to the History of American Science</i> offers illuminating insights into the histories of various disciplines and important topics in the two-and-a half century narrative of scientific minds, policies, and events that transpired in the United States.

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