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<p>List of Illustrations ix</p> <p>Notes on Contributors xix</p> <p>Preface xxvi</p> <p>Acknowledgments xxviii</p> <p>List of Abbreviations xxix</p> <p>Chronology xxxvii</p> <p>Maps xlix</p> <p><b>PART I The Land of Egypt 1</b></p> <p>1 The Physical Context of Ancient Egypt 3<br /> <i>Sarah Parcak</i></p> <p><b>PART II Historical Narratives 23</b></p> <p>2 Prehistory 25<br /> <i>E. Christiana Koehler</i></p> <p>3 The Early Dynastic Period 48<br /> <i>Toby Wilkinson</i></p> <p>4 The Old Kingdom 63<br /> <i>Michel Baud</i></p> <p>5 The First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom 81<br /> <i>Harco Willems</i></p> <p>6 The Second Intermediate Period and the New Kingdom 101<br /> <i>Ludwig D. Morenz and Lutz Popko</i></p> <p>7 Libyans and Nubians 120<br /> <i>Christopher Naunton</i></p> <p>8 Saites and Persians (664–332) 140<br /> <i>Olivier Perdu</i></p> <p>9 The Ptolemaic Period 159<br /> <i>Katelijn Vandorpe</i></p> <p>10 The Roman Period 180<br /> <i>Livia Capponi</i></p> <p><b>PART III State and Economic Structures 199</b></p> <p>11 The Pharaoh and Pharaonic Office 201<br /> <i>Ellen F. Morris</i></p> <p>12 Administration and Law: Pharaonic 218<br /> <i>Ben Haring</i></p> <p>13 Administration and Law: Graeco-Roman 237<br /> <i>Jane Rowlandson</i></p> <p>14 Priests and Temples: Pharaonic 255<br /> <i>Neal Spencer</i></p> <p>15 Egyptian Temples and Priests: Graeco-Roman 274<br /> <i>Willy Clarysse</i></p> <p>16 The Economy: Pharaonic 291<br /> <i>Christopher Eyre</i></p> <p>17 The Economy: Graeco-Roman 309<br /> <i>Dennis Kehoe</i></p> <p>18 Settlements – Distribution, Structure, Architecture: Pharaonic 326<br /> <i>Gregory D. Mumford</i></p> <p>19 Settlements – Distribution, Structure, Architecture: Graeco-Roman 350<br /> <i>Paola Davoli</i></p> <p>20 Transport in Ancient Egypt 370<br /> <i>Robert B. Partridge</i></p> <p>21 Science and Technology: Pharaonic 390<br /> <i>Corinna Rossi</i></p> <p>22 Science and Technology: Alexandrian 409<br /> <i>T. E. Rihll</i></p> <p>23 Military Institutions and Warfare: Pharaonic 425<br /> <i>Anthony J. Spalinger</i></p> <p>24 Military Institutions and Warfare: Graeco-Roman 446<br /> <i>Nigel Pollard</i></p> <p><b>PART IV The Social Order 467</b></p> <p>25 Social Structure and Daily Life: Pharaonic 469<br /> <i>Elizabeth Frood</i></p> <p>26 Social Structure and Daily Life: Graeco-Roman 491<br /> <i>Eugene Cruz-Uribe</i></p> <p>27 Religion in Society: Pharaonic 507<br /> <i>Kasia Szpakowska</i></p> <p>28 Religion in Society: Graeco-Roman 526<br /> <i>David Frankfurter</i></p> <p>Bibliography to parts I-IV 547</p> <p><b>PART V Language and Literature 639</b></p> <p>29 Language, Scripts, and Literacy 641<br /> <i>James P. Allen</i></p> <p>30 Middle Kingdom Literature 663<br /> <i>Roland Enmarch</i></p> <p>31 New Kingdom Literature 685<br /> <i>Gerald Moers</i></p> <p>32 Late Period Literature 709<br /> <i>Kim Ryholt</i></p> <p>33 Coptic and Coptic Literature 732<br /> <i>Leo Depuydt</i></p> <p>34 Greek Literature in Egypt 755<br /> <i>A. D. Morrison</i></p> <p><b>PART VI The Visual Arts 779</b></p> <p>35 Temple Architecture and Decorative Systems 781<br /> <i>Penelope Wilson</i></p> <p>36 Mortuary Architecture and Decorative Systems 804<br /> <i>Aidan Dodson</i></p> <p>37 Early Dynastic Art and Iconography 826<br /> <i>Stan Hendrickx and Frank Forster</i></p> <p>38 Old Kingdom Sculpture 853<br /> <i>Hourig Sourouzian</i></p> <p>39 Sculpture of the Middle Kingdom 882<br /> <i>Rita E. Freed</i></p> <p>40 New Kingdom Sculpture 913<br /> <i>Betsy M. Bryan</i></p> <p>41 Late Period Sculpture 944<br /> Edna R. Russmann</p> <p>42 Ptolemaic and Romano-Egyptian Sculpture 970<br /> <i>Sally-Ann Ashton</i></p> <p>43 Pharaonic Painting through the New Kingdom 990<br /> <i>Betsy M. Bryan</i></p> <p>44 Mosaics and Painting in Graeco-Roman Egypt 1008<br /> Helen Whitehouse</p> <p>45 Egyptian Art of Late Antiquity 1032<br /> <i>Thelma K. Thomas</i></p> <p><b>PART VII The Reception of Egyptian Culture 1065</b></p> <p>46 The Reception of Pharaonic Egypt in Classical Antiquity 1067<br /> <i>Alan B. Lloyd</i></p> <p>47 The Reception of Egypt in Europe 1086<br /> <i>Andrew Bednarski</i></p> <p>48 The Reception of Pharaonic Egypt in Islamic Egypt 1109<br /> <i>Michael Cooperson</i></p> <p>49 Ancient Egypt in the Museum: Concepts and Constructions 1129<br /> <i>Christina Riggs</i></p> <p>Bibliography to parts V-VII 1154</p> <p>Index 1213</p>

<p>“Alan Lloyd’s edited two-volume Companion to ancient Egypt is a very impressive achievement . . . Wendrich and Lloyd have shown that text and reference books on ancient Egypt can be accessible and interesting and can serve to break traditional boundaries between Egyptology and the related disciplines of Archaeology and Classics, for which they should be heartily congratulated.”  (<i>Antiquity</i>, 1 January 2013)</p> <p>“The Companion is a well-edited, comprehensive approach to the history, culture, literature, and high art of ancient Egypt … In bringing together some of the best authors on their respective topics, Lloyd has assembled an in-depth complement to ancient Egyptian studies.”  (<i>Near Eastern Archaeology</i>, 2012)</p> <p>"The aim of this companion is to provide a competent and authoritative overview on ancient Egypt. This has been accomplished well. All articles are concise, with comprehensive summaries which reflect the most recent scholarship. The interested reader, student, or scholar will find a very helpful and satisfactory platform to start from with this companion. It will guide him or her to further reading and in their own research." (<i>Bryn Mawr Classical Review</i>, 14 October 2011)</p> <p> “This Companion is a current, readable and, on occasion, illustrated account of all major events, aspects of history and culture in ancient Egypt….it has a broad appeal with an extensive range of subjects covered in differing depths allowing the reader to dip in for pleasure or study.” (<i>Reference Reviews</i>, 2011)</p> <p>"For anyone interested in ancient Egypt . . . Recommended. All levels/libraries." (<i>Choice</i>, 1 March 2011)</p> <p>"Part of a highly regarded series, this 2-volume work offers the student, interested general reader, and specialist a thorough and up-to-date resource on ancient Egypt. Written by curators and academics at museums and institutions in Egypt, Europe, and North America, the chapters present definitions and context in framing the current state of the question for each topic, with the time frame deliberately extended into the Greco-Roman period." (<i>Book News, Inc.,</i> November 2010)</p>

<p><b>Alan B. Lloyd</b> is Professor Emeritus in the Department of History and Classics at Swansea University and President of the Egypt Exploration Society. He is the author of many publications on Egyptological and Classical subjects, including a three-volume commentary on Herodotus Book II (1975 – 1985).</p>

<p> “The Companion is a well-edited, comprehensive approach to the history, culture, literature, and high art of ancient Egypt … In bringing together some of the best authors on their respective topics, Lloyd has assembled an in-depth complement to ancient Egyptian studies.”  (<i>Near Eastern Archaeology</i>, 2012)</p> <p>"The aim of this companion is to provide a competent and authoritative overview on ancient Egypt. This has been accomplished well. All articles are concise, with comprehensive summaries which reflect the most recent scholarship. The interested reader, student, or scholar will find a very helpful and satisfactory platform to start from with this companion. It will guide him or her to further reading and in their own research." (<i>Bryn Mawr Classical Review</i>, 14 October 2011)</p> <p>“This Companion is a current, readable and, on occasion, illustrated account of all major events, aspects of history and culture in ancient Egypt….it has a broad appeal with an extensive range of subjects covered in differing depths allowing the reader to dip in for pleasure or study.” (<i>Reference Reviews</i>, 2011)</p> <p>"For anyone interested in ancient Egypt . . . Recommended. All levels/libraries." (<i>Choice</i>, 1 March 2011)</p> <p>"Part of a highly regarded series, this 2-volume work offers the student, interested general reader, and specialist a thorough and up-to-date resource on ancient Egypt. Written by curators and academics at museums and institutions in Egypt, Europe, and North America, the chapters present definitions and context in framing the current state of the question for each topic, with the time frame deliberately extended into the Greco-Roman period." (<i>Book News, Inc.,</i> November 2010)</p> <p>Offering unprecedented breadth and depth of coverage, and delivered in a highly readable style, this <i>Companion</i> provides the very latest, well-illustrated accounts of the major and current aspects of Egyptology. <i>A Companion to Ancient Egypt</i> is published in two volumes to give full scope to the discussion of Ancient Egypt, whose development lasted well over three and a half millennia. Areas of discussion have been divided into physical context, history, economic and social mechanisms, language, literature, and the visual arts while historically oriented chapters reveal an emphasis on thematic issues. Lloyd provides a chronological table with additional historical comment at the start of each volume, allowing readers to locate each historical chapter in its overall context.<br /> <br /> The two-volume <i>Companion</i> brings together nearly 50 newly commissioned essays by an international team of leading scholars to provide new and illustrative coverage of one of the most successful civilizations the world has ever seen.</p>

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