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<p><b>Section 1: Water basics</b></p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 The hydrological cycle</p> <p>1.3 The natural aquatic environment</p> <p>1.4 Further SAQs</p> <p>1.5 Summary</p> <p><b>Section 2: Pollution of the aquatic environment</b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Sources of pollution</p> <p>2.3 Summary</p> <p><b>Section 3: The effects of pollutants on the aquatic environment</b></p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Organic materials</p> <p>3.3 Plant nutrients</p> <p>3.4 Toxic pollutants</p> <p>3.5 Physical pollutants</p> <p>3.6 Biological pollutants</p> <p>3.7 Further SAQs</p> <p>3.8 Summary</p> <p><b>Section 4: Sewage treatment</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Transporting sewage</p> <p>4.3 Overview of sewage treatment</p> <p>4.4 Preliminary treatment</p> <p>4.5 Primary treatment</p> <p>4.6 Secondary treatment</p> <p>4.7 Secondary treatment of industrial effluents</p> <p>4.8 Variants of the biological treatment system</p> <p>4.9 Tertiary treatment</p> <p>4.10 Advanced wastewater treatment</p> <p>4.11 Decentralised wastewater treatment systems</p> <p>4.12 Sustainable urban drainage systems</p> <p>4.13 Further SAQs</p> <p>4.14 Summary</p> <p><b>Section 5: Sludge treatment and disposal</b></p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Sludge production and sludge characteristics</p> <p>5.3 Methods of treatment</p> <p>5.4 Methods of reuse or disposal</p> <p>5.5 Further SAQs</p> <p>5.6 Summary</p> <p><b>Section 6: Water quality tests</b></p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Oxygen demand</p> <p>6.3 Estimation of physical, chemical and microbiological components</p> <p>6.4 Toxicity testing</p> <p>6.5 Further SAQs</p> <p>6.6 Summary</p> <p><b>Section 7: Industrial wastewater treatment</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Trade effluent control</p> <p>7.3 Summary</p> <p><b>Section 8: River quality modelling</b></p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Dispersion of pollutants in water</p> <p>8.3 Biochemical oxygen demand</p> <p>8.4 Dissolved oxygen</p> <p>8.5 Nutrients and eutrophication potential</p> <p>8.6 Total coliform bacteria</p> <p>8.7 Summary</p> <p>Glossary</p> <p>References</p> <p>Acknowledgements</p>

<b>Suresh T. Nesaratnam</b> is a Senior Lecturer in environmental engineering at The Open University, where he is involved in the distance-teaching of water and wastewater treatment. He graduated with an Honours degree in Chemical Engineering from Imperial College, London and then studied for a Masters and a PhD in Biochemical Engineering at the University of Birmingham. Before joining The Open University in 1991, he worked in a large Engineering Consultancy in Malaysia; in Applied Research for the oil industry, in Kuwait; in the enforcement of pollution control regulations with the Ministry of the Environment, in Oman; and in Scotland, where his work was on water and wastewater treatment for offshore oil and gas platforms. His research interests cover water and wastewater treatment, and his most recent publication is on the 2018Optimization of activated carbon production from date pits', in the <i>International Journal of Environmental Engineering</i>.

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