<b>Section 1 Architecture of the liver.</b> <p><b>1.1</b> Macroscopic anatomy of the liver.</p> <p><i>Jean H.D. Fasel, Holger Bourquain, Heinz-Otto Peitgen and Pietro E. Majno.</i></p> <p><b>1.2</b> Liver and biliary tract histology.</p> <p><i>Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Brigitte Le Bail and Charles Balabaud.</i></p> <p><b>1.3</b> Ultrastructure of the hepatocyte.</p> <p><i>Zahida Khan, James M. Crawford and Donna B. Stolz.</i></p> <p><b>1.4</b> Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.</p> <p><i>David Semela and Vijay H. Shah.</i></p> <p><b>1.5</b> Kupffer cells.</p> <p><i>Hartmut Jaeschke.</i></p> <p><b>1.6</b> The hepatic stellate cell.</p> <p><i>Massimo Pinzani.</i></p> <p><b>1.7</b> Biliary epithelial cells.</p> <p><i>Jean-François Dufour.</i></p> <p><b>1.8</b> Hepatic stem cells.</p> <p><i>Tania Roskams.</i></p> <p><b>1.9</b> Embryology of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract.</p> <p><i>Frédéric P. Lemaigre</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 2 Functions of the liver.</b></p> <p><b>2.1</b> Hepatic circulation.</p> <p><b>2.1.1</b> Regulation of hepatic blood flow.</p> <p><i>Christophe Bureau, Jean-Marie Péron and Jean-Pierre Vinel.</i></p> <p><b>2.1.2</b> Hepatic microcirculation.</p> <p><i>Yoshiya Ito and Robert S. McCuskey.</i></p> <p><b>2.1.3</b> Hepatic lymph and lymphatics.</p> <p><i>Glen A. Laine and Charles S. Cox Jr.</i></p> <p><b>2.2</b> Functions of the liver.</p> <p><b>2.2.1</b> Functional organization of the liver.</p> <p><i>Paulo Renato A.V. Correa and Michael H. Nathanson.</i></p> <p><b>2.2.2</b> Cell biology of the hepatocyte.</p> <p><i>Allan W. Wolkoff and Phyllis M. Novikoff.</i></p> <p><b>2.2.3</b> Molecular biology of the liver cell.</p> <p><i>Sundararajah Thevananther and Saul J. Karpen.</i></p> <p><b>2.2.4</b> Hepatic transport processes.</p> <p><i>Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink.</i></p> <p><b>2.2.5</b> Modulation of liver function by hepatic nerves.</p> <p><i>Gerhard P. Püschel.</i></p> <p><b>2.2.6</b> <i>In vitro</i> techniques: isolated organ perfusion, slices, cells and subcellular elements.</p> <p><i>Bruno Stieger.</i></p> <p><b>2.3</b> Metabolism.</p> <p>Intermediate metabolism.</p> <p><b>2.3.1</b> Carbohydrates and the liver.</p> <p><i>Guenther Boden.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.2</b> Lipoprotein metabolism.</p> <p><i>Erez F. Scapa, Keishi Kanno and David E. Cohen.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.3</b> Protein and amino acid metabolism.</p> <p><i>Margaret E. Brosnan and John T. Brosnan.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.4</b> Mitochondria and energy formation.</p> <p><i>Dominique Pessayre.</i></p> <p>Liver-specific functions.</p> <p><b>2.3.5</b> Bilirubin metabolism.</p> <p><i>Namita Roy-Chowdhury, Yang Lu and Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.6</b> Metabolism of bile acids.</p> <p><i>Peter L.M. Jansen and Klaas N. Faber.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.7</b> Ammonia, urea production and pH regulation.</p> <p><i>Dieter Häussinger.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.8</b> Protein synthesis and degradation in the liver.</p> <p><i>Armin Akhavan and Vishwanath R. Lingappa.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.9</b> Glutathione.</p> <p><i>José C. Fernández-Checa and Carmen García-Ruiz.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.10</b> Haem biosynthesis and excretion of porphyrins.</p> <p><i>Hervé Puy and Jean-Charles Deybach.</i></p> <p>Metabolism of endo/xenobiotics.</p> <p><b>2.3.11</b> Vitamins and the liver (A and D).</p> <p><i>Masataka Okuno, Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki and Soichi Kojima.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.12</b> Normal iron metabolism.</p> <p><i>Kyle E. Brown.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.13</b> Normal copper metabolism and reducing copper to subnormal levels for therapeutic purposes.</p> <p><i>George J. Brewer, Edward D. Harris and Fred K. Askari.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.14</b> Trace elements and the liver.</p> <p><i>Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri.</i></p> <p><b>2.3.15</b> Hepatic metabolism of drugs.</p> <p><i>Chris Liddle and Catherine A.M. Stedman.</i></p> <p><b>2.4</b> Synthetic function.</p> <p><b>2.4.1</b> Albumin and other carrier proteins.</p> <p><i>Richard A. Weisiger.</i></p> <p><b>2.4.2</b> The liver and coagulation.</p> <p><i>Maria T. DeSancho and Stephen M. Pastores.</i></p> <p><b>2.4.3</b> Function and metabolism of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins.</p> <p><i>Rebecca G. Wells.</i></p> <p><b>2.5</b> Regulation of the liver cell mass.</p> <p><b>2.5.1</b> Control of liver cell proliferation.</p> <p><i>Nisar P. Malek and K. Lenhard Rudolph.</i></p> <p><b>2.5.2</b> Regeneration of chronically injured liver.</p> <p><i>Anna Mae Diehl.</i></p> <p><b>2.6</b> Excretion.</p> <p><b>2.6.1</b> Physiology of bile formation.</p> <p><i>Martin Wagner and Michael Trauner.</i></p> <p><b>2.6.2</b> Motility of the biliary tree.</p> <p><i>Mayank Bhandari and James Toouli.</i></p> <p><b>2.7</b> Immunology of the liver.</p> <p><b>2.7.1</b> Cytokines in liver physiology and liver pathology.</p> <p><i>Tom Luedde and Christian Trautwein.</i></p> <p><b>2.7.2</b> Intrahepatic lymphocytes.</p> <p><i>Wajahat Z. Mehal.</i></p> <p><b>2.7.3</b> Antibody production and transport in the liver.</p> <p><i>Alvin B. Imaeda and Wajahat Z. Mehal</i>.</p> <p><b>Section 3 Basic concepts in pathobiology.</b></p> <p><b>3.1</b> Hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis.</p> <p><i>Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, Marcus Schuchmann and Peter R. Galle.</i></p> <p><b>3.2</b> Ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the liver.</p> <p><i>Nazia Selzner and Pierre A. Clavien.</i></p> <p><b>3.3</b> Genetics and liver diseases.</p> <p><b>3.3.1</b> Genetic polymorphisms in liver disease.</p> <p><i>Hongjin Huang and Ramsey Cheung.</i></p> <p><b>3.3.2</b> Immunogenetics of liver disease.</p> <p><i>Peter T. Donaldson.</i></p> <p><b>3.3.3</b> Genetic determinants of complex liver diseases: mouse models and quantitative trait locus analysis.</p> <p><i>Frank Lammert.</i></p> <p><b>3.4</b> Cellular cholestasis.</p> <p><i>Stefano Fiorucci.</i></p> <p><b>3.5</b> Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes.</p> <p><i>Dipankar Chattopadhyay and Helen Reeves.</i></p> <p><b>3.6</b> Genomics, gene arrays and proteomics in the study of liver disease.</p> <p><i>Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Nicholas A. Shackel, Rohan Williams, Devanshi Seth, Paul S. Haber and Mark D. Gorrell</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 4 Pathology.</b></p> <p><b>4.1</b> Histological features.</p> <p><i>Valeer J. Desmet, Tania Roskams and Miguel Bruguera.</i></p> <p><b>4.2</b> Classifications, scoring systems and morphometry in liver pathology.</p> <p><i>Pierre Bedossa and Valerie Paradis</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 5 Investigation of hepatobiliary disease.</b></p> <p><b>5.1</b> Signs and symptoms of liver disease.</p> <p><i>Jürg Reichen.</i></p> <p><b>5.2</b> Biochemical investigations in the management of liver disease.</p> <p><i>Igino Rigato, J. Donald Ostrow and Claudio Tiribelli.</i></p> <p><b>5.3</b> Hepatic removal kinetics: importance for quantitative measurements of liver function.</p> <p><i>Susanne Keiding and Michael Sørensen.</i></p> <p><b>5.4</b> Immunological investigations in liver diseases.</p> <p><i>Elmar Jaeckel and Michael P. Manns.</i></p> <p><b>5.5</b> Biopsy and laparoscopy.</p> <p><i>Arthur Zimmermann.</i></p> <p><b>5.6</b> Imaging of the liver.</p> <p><b>5.6.1</b> Ultrasonography.</p> <p><i>Luigi Bolondi, Valeria Camaggi and Fabio Piscaglia.</i></p> <p><b>5.6.2</b> Computerized tomography imaging of the liver.</p> <p><i>Daniel T. Cohen and Dushyant V. Sahani.</i></p> <p><b>5.6.3</b> Magnetic resonance imaging.</p> <p><i>Christoforos Stoupis.</i></p> <p><b>5.6.4</b> Angiography.</p> <p><i>Sanjeeva P. Kalva and Dushyant V. Sahani.</i></p> <p><b>5.6.5</b> Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.</p> <p><i>Alan J. Wigg and James Toouli.</i></p> <p><b>5.7</b> Interventional radiology in hepatobiliary diseases.</p> <p><i>José Ignacio Bilbao Jaureguízar, Concepció Bru, Joan Falcó Fages and Lluís Donoso.</i></p> <p><b>5.8</b> Positron emission tomography of the liver.</p> <p><i>Susanne Keiding and Michael Sørensen.</i></p> <p><b>5.9</b> Splanchnic haemodynamic investigations.</p> <p><i>Didier Lebrec and Richard Moreau.</i></p> <p><b>5.10</b> The Cochrane Hepatobiliary Group.</p> <p><i>Christian Gluud, on behalf of the Cochrane Hepatobiliary Group</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 6 Cirrhosis.</b></p> <p><b>6.1</b> The evolution of cirrhosis.</p> <p><i>John P. Iredale and I. Neil Guha.</i></p> <p><b>6.2</b> Cellular and molecular pathobiology of liver fibrosis and its pharmacological intervention.</p> <p><i>Scott L. Friedman.</i></p> <p><b>6.3</b> Clinical and diagnostic aspects of cirrhosis.</p> <p><i>I. Neil Guha and John P. Iredale</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 7 Portal hypertension and its complications.</b></p> <p><b>7.1</b> Anatomy of the portal venous system in portal hypertension.</p> <p><i>J. Michael Henderson.</i></p> <p><b>7.2</b> Pathogenesis of portal hypertension.</p> <p><i>Roberto J. Groszmann and Juan G. Abraldes.</i></p> <p><b>7.3</b> Clinical manifestions and management of bleeding episodes in cirrhotics.</p> <p><i>Jaime Bosch, Juan G. Abraldes and Juan Carlos García-Pagán.</i></p> <p><b>7.4</b> Haemodynamic assessment of portal hypertension.</p> <p><i>Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Juan Turnes and Jaime Bosch.</i></p> <p><b>7.5</b> Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ascites in cirrhosis.</p> <p><i>Vicente Arroyo, Carlos Terra and Luis Ruiz-del-Arbol.</i></p> <p><b>7.6</b> Hepatorenal syndrome.</p> <p><i>Pere Ginès and Mónica Guevara.</i></p> <p><b>7.7</b> Pulmonary complications of portal hypertension.</p> <p><i>Michael J. Krowka.</i></p> <p><b>7.8</b> Hepatic encephalopathy.</p> <p><i>Dieter Häussinger and Andres T. Blei.</i></p> <p><b>7.9</b> Bacterial infections in portal hypertension.</p> <p><i>Javier Fernández and Miguel Navasa.</i></p> <p><b>7.10</b> Hypersplenism.</p> <p><i>P. Aiden McCormick</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 8 Congenital hepatic fibrosis and non-parasitic cystic lesions of the liver and bile ducts.</b></p> <p><b>8.1</b> Congenital conditions.</p> <p><b>8.1.1</b> Congenital hepatic fibrosis.</p> <p><i>Jean-Pierre Benhamou.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.2</b> Simple cyst of the liver.</p> <p><i>Valérie Vilgrain.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.3</b> Polycystic kidney disease.</p> <p><i>Valérie Vilgrain.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.4</b> Polycystic liver disease.</p> <p><i>Valérie Vilgrain.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.5</b> Biliary hamartomas.</p> <p><i>Valérie Vilgrain.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.6</b> Peribiliary cysts.</p> <p><i>Valérie Vilgrain.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.7</b> Caroli syndrome.</p> <p><i>Jean-Pierre Benhamou.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.8</b> Choledochal cyst.</p> <p><i>Jean-Pierre Benhamou.</i></p> <p><b>8.1.9</b> Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst.</p> <p><i>Jean-François Cadranel.</i></p> <p><b>8.2</b> Acquired conditions.</p> <p><b>8.2.1</b> Inflammatory cystic diseases.</p> <p><i>Jean-François Cadranel.</i></p> <p><b>8.2.2</b> Neoplasms including cystadenoma.</p> <p><i>P. Starkel and André P. Geubel.</i></p> <p><b>8.2.3</b> Post-traumatic cystic diseases.</p> <p><i>Jean-François Cadranel</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 9 Viral infections of the liver.</b></p> <p><b>9.1</b> Viral hepatitis.</p> <p><b>9.1.1</b> Viral hepatitis.</p> <p><i>Mario Rizzetto and Fabien Zoulim.</i></p> <p><b>9.1.2</b> The viruses of hepatitis.</p> <p><b>i)</b> Structure, replication and laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus.</p> <p><i>Stephan Schaefer and Wolfram H. Gerlich.</i></p> <p><b>ii)</b> Structure, replication and laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis C virus.</p> <p><i>Ralf Bartenschlager.</i></p> <p><b>iii)</b> Hepatitis A.</p> <p><i>Loriana Di Giammarino and Jules L. Dienstag.</i></p> <p><b>iv)</b> Hepatitis B.</p> <p><i>Geoffrey M. Dusheiko.</i></p> <p><b>v)</b> Hepatitis D.</p> <p><i>Antonella Smedile and Mario Rizzetto.</i></p> <p><b>vi)</b> Hepatitis C.</p> <p><i>Alfredo Alberti and Luisa Benvegnù.</i></p> <p><b>vii)</b> Hepatitis E.</p> <p><i>Rakesh Aggarwal and Krzysztof Krawczynski.</i></p> <p><b>9.1.3</b> Prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis.</p> <p><b>i)</b> Vaccines against hepatitis A.</p> <p><i>Pierre Van Damme, Koen Van Herck and Philippe Beutels.</i></p> <p><b>ii)</b> Hepatitis B vaccines and immunization.</p> <p><i>Daniel Lavanchy.</i></p> <p><b>iii)</b> Therapy of acute viral hepatitis.</p> <p><i>Markus Cornberg, Heiner Wedemeyer and Michael P. Manns.</i></p> <p><b>iv)</b> Antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B.</p> <p><i>Fabien Zoulim and Mario Rizzetto.</i></p> <p><b>v)</b> Therapy for chronic hepatitis C.</p> <p><i>Giorgio Saracco, Fabien Zoulim and Mario Rizzetto.</i></p> <p><b>9.2</b> Systemic virosis producing hepatitis.</p> <p><i>Alberto Biglino and Mario Rizzetto.</i></p> <p><b>9.3</b> Human immunodeficiency virus and the liver.</p> <p><i>Vincent Soriano, Pablo Barreiro, Javier García-Samaniego, Luz Martín-Carbonero and Marina Nuñez.</i></p> <p><b>9.4</b> Exotic virus infections of the liver.</p> <p><i>Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Alberto Queiroz Farias and Flair José Carrilho</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 10 Other infections of the liver.</b></p> <p><b>10.1</b> Bacterial, rickettsial and spirochaetal infections.</p> <p><i>José M. Sánchez-Tapias.</i></p> <p><b>10.2</b> Fungal infections affecting the liver.</p> <p><i>Roderick J. Hay.</i></p> <p><b>10.3</b> Protozoal infections affecting the liver.</p> <p><b>10.3.1</b> Amoebiasis, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis.</p> <p><i>David Kershenobich, Guillermo Robles Diaz and Juan Miguel Abdo.</i></p> <p><b>10.3.2</b> Malaria.</p> <p><i>Montse Renom and Pedro L. Alonso.</i></p> <p><b>10.3.3</b> Visceral leishmaniasis.</p> <p><i>Manuel Corachan.</i></p> <p><b>10.4</b> Helminthiasis.</p> <p><b>10.4.1</b> Blood flukes (schistosomes) and liver flukes.</p> <p><i>Flair José Carrilho, Pedro Paulo Chieffi and Luiz Caetano Da Silva.</i></p> <p><b>10.4.2</b> Echinococcosis of the liver.</p> <p><i>S. Bresson-Hadni, G.A. Mantion, J.P. Miguet and D.A. Vuitton.</i></p> <p><b>10.4.3</b> Ascariasis, visceral larva migrans, strongyloidiasis, capillariasis and pentastomiasis.</p> <p><i>Marcelo Simão Ferreira and Edna Strauss</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 11 Immune disorders of the liver.</b></p> <p><b>11.1</b> Primary biliary cirrhosis.</p> <p><i>E. Jenny Heathcote and Piotr Milkiewicz.</i></p> <p><b>11.2</b> Autoimmune hepatitis.</p> <p><i>Diego Vergani and Giorgina Mieli-Vergani.</i></p> <p><b>11.3</b> Sclerosing cholangitis.</p> <p><i>Konstantinos N. Lazaridis and Nicholas F. LaRusso.</i></p> <p><b>11.4</b> Vanishing bile duct syndrome.</p> <p><i>Frank Grünhage and Tilman Sauerbruch.</i></p> <p><b>11.5</b> Overlap syndromes.</p> <p><i>Ulrich Beuers</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 12 Alcoholic liver disease.</b></p> <p><b>12.1</b> Epidemiological aspects of alcoholic liver disease.</p> <p><i>Juan Caballeria.</i></p> <p><b>12.2</b> Ethanol metabolism and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury.</p> <p><i>Stephen F. Stewart and Christopher P. Day.</i></p> <p><b>12.3</b> Pathology of alcoholic liver disease.</p> <p><i>Elie Serge Zafrani.</i></p> <p><b>12.4</b> Alcoholic liver disease: natural history, diagnosis, clinical features, evaluation, prognosis and management.</p> <p><i>Laurent Spahr and Antoine Hadengue.</i></p> <p><b>12.5</b> Management of the alcoholic patient, including alcoholism and extrahepatic manifestations.</p> <p><i>Georges-Philippe Pageaux and Pascal Perney</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 13 Hepatic non-alcoholic steatosis.</b></p> <p><b>13</b> Non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.</p> <p><i>Geoffrey C. Farrell</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 14 Toxic liver injury.</b></p> <p><b>14.1</b> Drug-induced liver injury.</p> <p><i>Dominique Pessayre and Dominique Larrey.</i></p> <p><b>14.2</b> Toxic liver injury.</p> <p><i>Basuki Gunawan and Neil Kaplowitz.</i></p> <p><b>14.3</b> Hepatic injury due to physical agents.</p> <p><i>Bernhard H. Lauterburg and Haithem Chtioui.</i></p> <p><b>14.4</b> Hepatic toxicity induced by herbal medicines.</p> <p><i>Felix Stickel and Detlef Schuppan</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 15 Acute liver failure.</b></p> <p><b>15</b> Acute liver failure and related syndromes.</p> <p><i>François Durand and Jacques Bernuau</i>.</p> <p><b>Section 16 Genetic and metabolic diseases.</b></p> <p><b>16.1</b> Wilson’s disease.</p> <p><i>Michael Schilsky.</i></p> <p><b>16.2</b> Haemochromatosis.</p> <p><i>Antonello Pietrangelo.</i></p> <p><b>16.3</b> Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and related disorders.</p> <p><i>Jeffrey H. Teckman.</i></p> <p><b>16.4</b> The liver in cystic fibrosis.</p> <p><i>Andrew P. Feranchak.</i></p> <p><b>16.5</b> Human hereditary porphyrias.</p> <p><i>Elisabeth I. Minder and Xiaoye Schneider-Yin.</i></p> <p><b>16.6</b> Hyperbilirubinaemia.</p> <p><i>Peter L.M. Jansen.</i></p> <p><b>16.7</b> The liver in intracellular and extracellular lipidosis.</p> <p><i>Dominique P. Germain.</i></p> <p><b>16.8</b> Glycogen storage diseases.</p> <p><i>Philippe Labrune.</i></p> <p><b>16.9</b> Mitochondriopathies.</p> <p><i>Pierre Rustin.</i></p> <p><b>16.10</b> Genetic cholestatic diseases.</p> <p><i>Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 17 Vascular diseases.</b></p> <p><b>17.1</b> Hepatic artery diseases.</p> <p><i>Peter C. Hayes.</i></p> <p><b>17.2</b> Obstruction of the portal vein.</p> <p><i>Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Manuel Hernández-Guerra and</i> <i>Jaime Bosch.</i></p> <p><b>17.3</b> Disorders of the hepatic veins and hepatic sinusoids.</p> <p><i>Dominique-Charles Valla.</i></p> <p><b>17.4</b> Congenital vascular malformations.</p> <p><i>Guadalupe García-Tsao</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 18 Tumours of the liver.</b></p> <p><b>18.1</b> Benign hepatic tumours.</p> <p><b>18.1.1</b> Liver haemangioma.</p> <p><i>Jean-Pierre Benhamou.</i></p> <p><b>18.1.2</b> Benign hepatocellular tumours.</p> <p><i>Massimo Colombo and Riccardo Lencioni.</i></p> <p><b>18.2</b> Malignant tumours.</p> <p><b>18.2.1</b> Primary liver cell carcinoma.</p> <p><i>Jordi Bruix, Alejandro Forner, María Varela, Carmen Ayuso and Josep María Llovet.</i></p> <p><b>18.2.2</b> Malignant mesenchymal tumours of the liver.</p> <p><i>Miguel Bruguera and Juan Rodés.</i></p> <p><b>18.3</b> Metastatic tumours.</p> <p><b>18.3.1</b> Metastatic liver disease.</p> <p><i>Masamichi Kojiro and Antoni Castells.</i></p> <p><b>18.3.2</b> Carcinoid tumours.</p> <p><i>Humphrey J.F. Hodgson</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 19 Biliary tract diseases.</b></p> <p><b>19.1</b> Intrahepatic cholestasis.</p> <p><i>Olivier Chazouillères and Chantal Housset.</i></p> <p><b>19.2</b> Extrahepatic biliary obstruction: systemic effects, diagnosis and management.</p> <p><i>Michelle C. Gallagher and James S. Dooley.</i></p> <p><b>19.3</b> Gallstone disease.</p> <p><i>Frank Lammert, Franz-Ludwig Dumoulin and Tilman Sauerbruch.</i></p> <p><b>19.4</b> Cholangitis and biliary tract infections.</p> <p><i>Ulrich Beuers.</i></p> <p><b>19.5</b> Haemobilia.</p> <p><i>Antonio Lacy and Nader K. Francis.</i></p> <p><b>19.6</b> Biliary dyskinesia.</p> <p><i>C. Ritchie Chalmers and Giles J. Toogood.</i></p> <p><b>19.7</b> Benign biliary tumours.</p> <p><i>Miguel Bruguera.</i></p> <p><b>19.8</b> Gallbladder carcinoma.</p> <p><i>Thomas A. Aloia, Christopher H. Crane and Jean-Nicolas Vauthey.</i></p> <p><b>19.9</b> Cholangiocarcinoma.</p> <p><i>Steven S. Strasberg and William G. Hawkins</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 20 The liver in diseases of other systems.</b></p> <p><b>20.1</b> The liver in cardiovascular disease.</p> <p><i>Susan Tiukinhoy-Laing, Andres T. Blei and Mihai Gheorghiade.</i></p> <p><b>20.2</b> The liver in lung diseases.</p> <p><i>Andres T. Blei and Jacob I. Sznajder.</i></p> <p><b>20.3</b> The effect of gastrointestinal diseases on the liver and biliary tract.</p> <p><i>Roger W. Chapman and Peter W. Angus.</i></p> <p><b>20.4</b> Total parenteral nutrition-related liver disease.</p> <p><i>Sean W.P. Koppe and Alan L. Buchman.</i></p> <p><b>20.5</b> The effect of skin diseases on the liver.</p> <p><i>Daniel Glass and Malcolm Rustin.</i></p> <p><b>20.6</b> The liver in urogenital diseases.</p> <p><i>Mónica Guevara, Vicente Arroyo and Juan Rodés.</i></p> <p><b>20.7</b> The effect of haematological and lymphatic diseases on the liver.</p> <p><i>Miguel Bruguera and Rosa Miquel.</i></p> <p><b>20.8</b> The liver in graft-vs.-host disease.</p> <p><i>Enric Carreras, Carmen Martínez and Miguel Bruguera.</i></p> <p><b>20.9</b> The effect of endocrine diseases on liver function.</p> <p><i>Anthony J. DeSantis and Andres T. Blei.</i></p> <p><b>20.10</b> Musculoskeletal diseases and the liver.</p> <p><i>N. Guañabens, J. van den Bogaerde and H.L.C. Beynon.</i></p> <p><b>20.11</b> Amyloidosis.</p> <p><i>Philip N. Hawkins.</i></p> <p><b>20.12</b> Hepatic granulomas.</p> <p><i>Laura M. Kulik and Andres T. Blei</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 21 The impact of liver disease on other systems.</b></p> <p><b>21.1</b> The effect of liver disease on the cardiovascular system.</p> <p><i>Jens H. Henriksen and Søren Møller.</i></p> <p><b>21.2</b> The effect of liver disease on the endocrine system.</p> <p><i>Yolanta T. Kruszynska and Pierre M. Bouloux.</i></p> <p><b>21.3</b> Haematological abnormalities in liver disease.</p> <p><i>Marco Senzolo and Andrew K. Burroughs.</i></p> <p><b>21.4</b> Haemostasis in liver disease.</p> <p><i>Stephen H. Caldwell, Patrick G. Northup and Vinay Sundaram.</i></p> <p><b>21.5</b> The effect of liver disease on the gastrointestinal tract.</p> <p><i>Roger W. Chapman and Peter W. Angus.</i></p> <p><b>21.6</b> The effect of liver disease on the skin.</p> <p><i>Malcolm Rustin and Daniel Glass.</i></p> <p><b>21.7</b> Effect of liver on the urogenital tract.</p> <p><i>Mónica Guevara, Vicente Arroyo and Juan Rodés.</i></p> <p><b>21.8</b> The nervous system in liver disease.</p> <p><i>Andres T. Blei.</i></p> <p><b>21.9</b> The effect of liver disease on bone.</p> <p><i>Juliet Compston.</i></p> <p><b>21.10</b> The effect of liver disease on nutritional status and energy metabolism.</p> <p><i>Michael R. Charlton</i>.</p> <p><b>Section 22 The liver in specific settings.</b></p> <p><b>22.1</b> Paediatric liver diseases.</p> <p><i>Marianne Samyn and Giorgina Mieli-Vergani.</i></p> <p><b>22.2</b> Liver diseases in the elderly.</p> <p><i>Oliver F.W. James.</i></p> <p><b>22.3</b> Liver diseases and pregnancy.</p> <p><i>Andrew K. Burroughs and Evangelos Cholongitas</i>.</p> <p><b>Section 23 The management of liver diseases.</b></p> <p><b>23.1</b> The general management of liver diseases.</p> <p><i>Dominique Guyader.</i></p> <p><b>23.2</b> Nutritional aspects of liver and biliary disease.</p> <p><i>Bernard Campillo.</i></p> <p><b>23.3</b> Prescribing drugs in liver disease.</p> <p><i>Dominique Larrey and Georges-Phillppe Pageaux.</i></p> <p><b>23.4</b> Management of pretransplant patients.</p> <p><i>François Durand</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 24 Surgery, anaesthesia and the liver.</b></p> <p><b>24.1</b> General surgical aspects and the risks of liver surgery in patients with hepatic disease.</p> <p><i>Jacques Belghiti and Satoshi Ogata.</i></p> <p><b>24.2</b> Anaesthesia and liver disease.</p> <p><i>Kalpana Reddy and Susan V. Mallett.</i></p> <p><b>24.3</b> Postoperative jaundice.</p> <p><i>Peter Fickert and Michael Trauner.</i></p> <p><b>24.4</b> Hepatobiliary trauma.</p> <p><i>K. Raj Prasad, Patrick A. Couglin and Giles J. Toogood</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 25 Liver transplantation.</b></p> <p><b>25.1</b> Surgical techniques.</p> <p><b>25.1.1</b> Liver transplantation.</p> <p><i>Peter Neuhaus.</i></p> <p><b>25.1.2</b> Split-liver transplantation.</p> <p><i>Ramón Charco, Josep Fuster Obregón, Constantino Fondevila and Juan Carlos García-Valdecasas.</i></p> <p><b>25.1.3</b> The surgical technique of living donor liver transplantation using the right hepatic lobe.</p> <p><i>Igal Kam, James Trotter and Gregory T. Everson.</i></p> <p><b>25.2</b> Liver transplantation: indications, contraindications and results.</p> <p><i>Gregory T. Everson and Fernando E. Membreno.</i></p> <p><b>25.3</b> The perioperative care and complications of liver transplantation.</p> <p><i>Mark T. Keegan and David J. Plevak.</i></p> <p><b>25.4</b> Immunosuppression.</p> <p><i>James Neuberger.</i></p> <p><b>25.5</b> Recurrent disease and management in liver transplantation.</p> <p><i>Xavier Forns and Antoni Rimola.</i></p> <p><b>25.6</b> Post-transplantation management and complications.</p> <p><i>Faouzi Saliba and Didier Samuel.</i></p> <p><b>25.7</b> Liver transplantation and quality of life.</p> <p><i>Miguel Navasa and Juan Rodés.</i></p> <p><b>25.8</b> Emerging therapies.</p> <p><b>25.8.1</b> Hepatocyte transplantation.</p> <p><i>Govardhana Rao Yannam, Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury and Ira J. Fox.</i></p> <p><b>25.8.2</b> Liver support.</p> <p><i>Vanessa Stadlbauer and Rajiv Jalan</i><b>.</b></p> <p><b>Section 26 Mathematics in hepatology.</b></p> <p><b>26.1</b> Models in clinical hepatology.</p> <p><i>W. Ray Kim.</i></p> <p><b>26.2</b> Outcomes research in hepatology.</p> <p><i>Raymond S. Koff.</i></p> <p><b>26.3</b> Meta-analysis.</p> <p><i>Gioacchino Leandro and Andrew K. Burroughs.</i></p> <p><b>26.4</b> Economic considerations in hepatology.</p> <p><i>John B. Wong.</i></p> <p><b>26.5</b> Development of the liver interactome: mapping the regulatory networks.</p> <p><i>Mario Pagano, Susana Neves, Ravi Iyengar and John Cijiang He</i>.</p> <p><b>Section 27 Appendices.</b></p> <p><b>27.1</b> Geographic distribution of infections causing liver disease.</p> <p><i>Harriet Hughes and Tom Doherty.</i></p> <p><b>27.2</b> Liver injury in man ascribed to non-drug chemicals and natural toxins.</p> <p><i>Regine Kahl and Wim Wätjen.</i></p> <p><b>27.3</b> Rare diseases with hepatic abnormalities.</p> <p><i>M. Baraitser and R.M. Winter</i></p>