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<b>Contributors ix</b> <p><b>Foreword xi</b></p> <p><b>Preface xiii</b></p> <p><b>1 Introduction 1<br /> </b><i>Jan Harmsen</i></p> <p>1.1 Reason for This Book, 1</p> <p>1.2 Scope of the Book, 2</p> <p>1.3 Use in Education, 2</p> <p>1.4 Use in Industry, 3</p> <p><b>2 Sustainability Metrics, Indicators, and Indices for the Process Industries 5<br /> </b><i>Joseph B. Powell</i></p> <p>2.1 Overview and Scope, 5</p> <p>2.2 Hierarchy of SD Metrics, Indices, and Indicators, 7</p> <p>2.3 Practical Tools for the Process Industries, 10</p> <p>2.4 Summary and Conclusions, 17</p> <p>References, 19</p> <p><b>3 Resource Effi ciency of Chemical Manufacturing Chains: Present and Future 23<br /> </b><i>Jean-Paul Lange</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction, 23</p> <p>3.2 Resource Efficiency, 24</p> <p>3.3 Economic Impact, 32</p> <p>3.4 Conclusions, 35</p> <p>References, 35</p> <p><b>4 Regional Integration of Processes, Agriculture, and Society 39<br /> </b><i>Michael Narodoslawsky</i></p> <p>4.1 The Formative Character of Raw Materials, 39</p> <p>4.2 The Systemic Engineering Challenge, 44</p> <p>4.3 Regional Integration of Technologies, 46</p> <p>References, 57</p> <p><b>5 Eco-industrial Parks in The Netherlands: The Rotterdam Harbor and Industry Complex 59<br /> </b><i>L. W. Baas and G. Korevaar</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction, 59</p> <p>5.2 Industrial Ecosystem Programs in Rotterdam, 60</p> <p>5.3 Conclusions, 76</p> <p>References, 78</p> <p><b>6 By-product Synergy Networks: Driving Innovation Through Waste Reduction and Carbon Mitigation 81<br /> </b><i>Andrew Mangan and Elsa Olivetti</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction, 81</p> <p>6.2 BPS Origins, 83</p> <p>6.3 The BPS Process, 87</p> <p>6.4 Barriers and Challenges, 94</p> <p>6.5 Benefi ts and Opportunities, 97</p> <p>6.6 Examples, 100</p> <p>6.7 Conclusions, 106</p> <p>References, 106</p> <p><b>7 Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass For Energy and Chemicals: Technologies at Various Scales 109<br /> </b><i>R. H. Venderbosch and W. Prins</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction, 109</p> <p>7.2 Oil Properties, 114</p> <p>7.3 Fast Pyrolysis Process Technologies, 120</p> <p>7.4 Mass and Energy Balance for Production of Bio-oil and Char in a 2-ton/h Wood Plant, 136</p> <p>7.5 Bio-oil Fuel Applications, 139</p> <p>7.6 Chemicals from Bio-oil, 144</p> <p>7.7 Economics, 148</p> <p>7.8 Concluding Remarks, 149</p> <p>References, 150</p> <p><b>8 Integrated Corn-Based Biorefi nery: A Study in Sustainable Process Development 157<br /> </b><i>Carina Maria Alles and Robin Jenkins</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction, 157</p> <p>8.2 Technology Development for an Integrated Corn-Based Biorefi nery, 159</p> <p>8.3 LCA Results: ICBR Versus Benchmarks, 165</p> <p>8.4 Final Refl ections, 168</p> <p>References, 169</p> <p><b>9 Cellulosic Biofuels: A Sustainable Option for Transportation 171<br /> </b><i>Jean-Paul Lange, Iris Lewandowski, and Paul M. Ayoub</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction, 171</p> <p>9.2 Case Studies, 175</p> <p>9.3 Sustainability of Biomass Production, 183</p> <p>9.4 Conclusions and Recommendations for R&D Activities, 194</p> <p>Note Added in Proof, 196</p> <p>References, 196</p> <p><b>10 Integrated Urea–Melamine Process at DSM: Sustainable Product Development 199<br /> </b><i>Tjien T. Tjioe and Johan T. Tinge</i></p> <p>10.1 Short Summary of Melamine Development, 199</p> <p>10.2 Current Uses of Melamine, 200</p> <p>10.3 Urea Production, 201</p> <p>10.4 Conventional DSM Stamicarbon Gas-Phase Melamine Production Process, 202</p> <p>10.5 New Integrated Urea–Melamine Process, 205</p> <p>10.6 Conclusions, 207</p> <p>References, 207</p> <p><b>11 Sustainable Innovation in the Chemical Industry and Its Commercial Impacts 209<br /> </b><i>Joseph B. Powell</i></p> <p>11.1 Overview, 209</p> <p>11.2 Historical Perspective, 210</p> <p>11.3 Innovations in the Age of Sustainability, 212</p> <p>11.4 Sustainability Driven by Innovation and Performance, 215</p> <p>References, 216</p> <p><b>12 Implementation of Sustainable Strategies in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Based on the Concept of Cleaner Production 219<br /> </b><i>Johannes Fresner and Jan Sage</i></p> <p>12.1 Overview, 219</p> <p>12.2 Active Strategies for Sustainable Management, 220</p> <p>12.3 Eloxieranstalt A. Heuberger GmbH: Sustainable Management in an Anodizing Plant, 221</p> <p>12.4 Analysis of the Results, 226</p> <p>12.5 Implementation of Sustainable Strategies, 230</p> <p>Appendix: A Successful Regional Cleaner Production Project, 231</p> <p>References, 236</p> <p><b>13 Sustainable Concepts in Metals Recycling and Mineral Processing 237<br /> </b><i>Nitosh Kumar Brahma</i></p> <p>13.1 Overview, 237</p> <p>13.2 Bioleaching Process Design and Development, 238</p> <p>13.3 Bioleaching Reactor Design: Applicability of the Core Particle Model, 241</p> <p>13.4 Industrial Applications, 243</p> <p>13.5 Conclusions, 245</p> <p>References, 246</p> <p><b>14 Industrial Ecosystem Principles in Industrial Symbiosis: By-product Synergy 249<br /> </b><i>Qingzhong Wu</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction, 249</p> <p>14.2 Relationship Between Industrial Symbiosis and Sustainable Development, 250</p> <p>14.3 Challenges, Barriers, and Countermeasures in Exploration, Evaluation, and Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis, 252</p> <p>14.4 What By-Product Synergy Is and Is Not, 253</p> <p>14.5 Work Process and Successful Cases of Industrial Symbiosis, 254</p> <p>14.6 Conclusions and Recommendations, 261</p> <p>References, 263</p> <p><b>Index 265</b></p>

<b>Jan Harmsen</b> is principal process developer at Shell. He has thirty-two years of industrial experience at Shell with positions in the following departments: exploratory research, development, process design, and chemicals manufacturing. He is also, since 1997, part-time Hoogewerff Professor of Sustainable Chemical Technology at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. <p><b>Joseph B. Powell</b> is Shell's Chief Scientist, Chemical Engineering. He joined the Process Development Department at Shell's Westhollow Technology Center (Houston) in 1988, where he has led major R&D programs. Dr. Powell has been granted forty-five U.S. patents and several industry awards, including the A. D. Little Award for Chemical Engineering Innovation (AIChE 1998).</p>

<b>The complete, hands-on guide to sustainable development</b> <p>Today's process industries must develop natural resources within an eco-friendly framework that balances current demand with future need. Realizing this goal necessitates global vigilance of three key areas—people, planet, and prosperity—known as the Triple Bottom Line or, simply, the Triple P.</p> <p><i>Sustainable Development in the Process Industries</i> details how worldwide implementation of sustainable processes in present-day industries can positively influence the Triple P going forward by lowering poverty, reducing pollution, and conserving resources. This in-depth guide includes:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Real-world case studies and examples</p> </li> <li> <p>Individual chapters written by industry experts</p> </li> <li> <p>Application in industries such as petroleum and fuel, food, recycling, mineral processing, and water processing</p> </li> <li> <p>Focus on the micro (molecules, unit operations, processes) to the macro (industrial sites, value chains, regions, the world)</p> </li> </ul> <p>Providing lessons with practical application rather than pure theory, <i>Sustainable Development in the Process Industries</i> offers sound solutions to social, ecological, and economic challenges imperative to assuring our planet's well-being for generations.</p>

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