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<p><b>Foreword xiii</b><br /> <br /> <b>Preface xv</b><br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 1. Some General Points about SMAs 1</b><br /> <br /> 1.1. Introduction 1<br /> <br /> 1.2. Why are SMAs of interest for industry? 2<br /> <br /> 1.3. Crystallographic theory of martensitic transformation 5<br /> <br /> 1.4. Content of this book 8<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 2. The World of Shape-memory Alloys 11</b><br /> <br /> 2.1. Introduction and general points 11<br /> <br /> 2.2. Basic metallurgy of SMAs, by Michel Morin 12<br /> <br /> 2.3. Measurements of phase transformation temperatures 27<br /> <br /> 2.4. Self-accommodating martensite and stress-induced martensite 28<br /> <br /> 2.5. Fatigue resistance 29<br /> <br /> 2.6. Functional properties of SMAs 35<br /> <br /> 2.7. Use of NiTi for secondary batteries 42<br /> <br /> 2.8. Use of SMAs in the domain of civil engineering 42<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 3. Martensitic Transformation 49</b><br /> <br /> 3.1. Overview of continuum mechanics 49<br /> <br /> 3.2. Main notations for matrices 50<br /> <br /> 3.3. Additional notations and reminders 51<br /> <br /> 3.4. Kinematic description 57<br /> <br /> 3.5. Kinematic compatibility 61<br /> <br /> 3.6. Continuous theory of crystalline solids 62<br /> <br /> 3.7. Martensitic transformation 67<br /> <br /> 3.8. Equation governing the interface between two martensite variants Mi/Mj or the “twinning equation” 70<br /> <br /> 3.9. Origin of the microstructure 73<br /> <br /> 3.10. Special microstructures 76<br /> <br /> 3.11. From the scale of the crystalline lattice to the mesoscopic and then the macroscopic scale 84<br /> <br /> 3.12. Linear geometric theory 88<br /> <br /> 3.13. Chapter conclusion 95<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 4. Thermodynamic Framework for the Modeling of Solid Materials 97</b><br /> <br /> 4.1. Introduction 97<br /> <br /> 4.2. Conservation laws 98<br /> <br /> 4.3. Constitutive laws 103<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 5. Use of the “CTM” to Model SMAs 109</b><br /> <br /> 5.1. Introduction 109<br /> <br /> 5.2. Process of reorientation of the martensite variants in a monocrystal 109<br /> <br /> 5.3. Process of creation of martensite variants in a monocrystal: pseudoelastic behavior 118<br /> <br /> 5.4. Prediction of the surfaces for the austenite → martensite phase transformation 122<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 6. Phenomenological and Statistical Approaches for SMAs 129</b><br /> <br /> 6.1. Introduction 129<br /> <br /> 6.2. Preisach models 130<br /> <br /> 6.3. First-order phase transitions and Falk’s model 132<br /> <br /> 6.4. Constitutive framework of the homogenized energy model 142<br /> <br /> 6.5. Conclusion 154<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 7. Macroscopic Models with Internal Variables 157</b><br /> <br /> 7.1. Introduction 157<br /> <br /> 7.2. RL model 159<br /> <br /> 7.3. Anisothermal expansion 173<br /> <br /> 7.4. Internal variable model inspired by micromechanics 181<br /> <br /> 7.4.1. Introduction 181<br /> <br /> 7.5. Elastohysteresis model: formalism and digital implantation 223<br /> <br /> 7.6. Conclusion 233<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 8. Design of SMA Elements: Case Studies 235</b><br /> <br /> 8.1. Introduction 235<br /> <br /> 8.2. “Strength of materials”-type calculations for beams subject to flexion or torsion 235<br /> <br /> 8.3. Elements of calculations for SMA actuators 245<br /> <br /> 8.4. Case studies 251<br /> <br /> <b>Chapter 9. Behavior of Magnetic SMAs 261</b><br /> <br /> 9.1. Introduction 261<br /> <br /> 9.2. Some models of the thermo-magneto-mechanical behavior of MSMAs 262<br /> <br /> 9.3. Crystallography of Ni-Mn-Ga 265<br /> <br /> 9.4. Model of the magneto-thermo-mechanical behavior of a monocrystal of magnetic shape-memory alloy 270<br /> <br /> 9.5. Conclusion 293<br /> <br /> Chapter 10. Fracture Mechanics of SMAs 295<br /> <br /> 10.1. Introduction 295<br /> <br /> 10.2. The elastic stress field around a crack tip 296<br /> <br /> 10.3. Prediction of the phase transformation surfaces around the crack tip (no curvature at the crack tip) 311<br /> <br /> 10.4. Prediction of the phase transformation surfaces around the crack tip (curvature ρ at the crack tip) 322<br /> <br /> 10.5. Some experimental results about fracture of SMAs 325<br /> <br /> 10.6. Problem of delamination between a SMA and an elastic solid 329<br /> <b><br /> Chapter 11. General Conclusion 337</b><br /> <br /> 11.1. Resolved problems 337<br /> <br /> 11.2. Unresolved problems 338<br /> <br /> 11.3. Suggestions for future directions 339<br /> <br /> <b>Appendix 1. Intrinsic Properties of Rotation Matrices (see Chapter 3) 341</b><br /> <br /> A1.1. Characterization of rotations 342<br /> <br /> <b>Appendix 2. “Twinning Equation” Demonstration (see Chapter 3) 345</b><br /> <br /> A2.1. Question 345<br /> <br /> A2.2. Solution 345<br /> <br /> <b>Appendix 3. Calculation of the Parameters a, n and Q from the “Twinning ” Equation (see Chapter 3) 349</b><br /> <br /> A3.1. Problem 349<br /> <br /> A3.2. Statement 349<br /> <br /> A3.3. Solution 350<br /> <br /> <b>Appendix 4. “Twinned” Austenite/Martensite Equation (see Chapter 3) 355</b><br /> <br /> A4.1. Proposition 1 355<br /> <br /> A4.2. Proposition 2 355<br /> <br /> A4.3. Theorem 356<br /> <br /> <b>Bibliography 359</b><br /> <br /> <b>Index 377</b></p> <p> </p>

<p><strong>Professor Christian Lexcellent</strong> U.F.R. Sciences and Technics, Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.

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