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I. Introduction <p>II. Alexis de Tocqueville or the Tyranny of the Middle Class</p> <p>III. Max Weber: American Escape Routes from the Iron Cage</p> <p>IV. Theodor W. Adorno: 'Culture Industry' and Other Views of the 'American Century'</p> <p>V. The United States in the Twenty-First Century: Traditions of Religions Socialization and Struggle against 'Evil'</p>

“<i>Reflections on America</i> is simultaneously an excellent contribution to sociological theory and to historical-comparative research.”<br /> <b><i>Sociological Review</i></b> <p>“A concise, rich account of three salient European socio-theoretical perspectives on America and their implications for Europe.”<br /> <b>Matthias Benzer, <i>British Journal of Sociology</i></b></p> <p>“The author offers valuable insights on American exceptionalism and its consequences for domestic and international politics ... For readers more interested in current developments in American politics, the appeal of the book lies in Offe’s insights about the contribution of foreign policy to the effectiveness of the American melting pot and to social cohesion.”<br /> <b>Álvaro Morcillo, <i>British Journal of Sociology</i></b></p> <p>“In this elegant and inspiring book, Claus Offe shows how America time and again has served Europeans as a screen on which to project their own visions of society, revealing as much about the old continent as about the new world.”<br /> <b>Abram de Swaan, <i>Amsterdam School of Social Research</i></b></p>

<b>Claus Offe</b>, Humboldt University, Berlin<br /> <p>Translated by <b>P. Camiller</b></p>

At a time when so many cracks have emerged within the imagined community of ‘the West', this important new book, by one of the leading social scientists in Europe, examines the intellectual history of comparing Europe and the United States. Claus Offe considers the perspectives adopted by three of Europe’s greatest social scientists – Alexis de Tocqueville, Max Weber and Theodor W. Adorno – in their comparative writings on Europe. <br /> While traveling, studying and working in the US, all three constantly looked back to their European origins, trying to decipher from their American experience what the future may hold for Europe, be it for better or worse. Alexis de Tocqueville, the French aristocrat, observed the functioning of American democracy with a mix of admiration, envy and deep concerns about the fate of liberty in the ‘democratic age'. Max Weber, the German sociologist, reported enthusiastically about the youthful energy he found in the United States, which, however, he saw as gradually succumbing to the stifling tendencies of European bureaucratization. Theodor W. Adorno, the critical theorist and refugee from Nazi Germany, observed with a sense of despair the workings of the American ‘culture industry’ which he equated to the totalitarian experience of Europe, only to switch to a much more favorable picture upon his return to Germany.<br /> Europe and the US are conventionally assumed to share the same trajectory and develop according to some common pattern of ‘occidental rationalism', with the observed differences resulting from mere lags and relative advances on one side or the other. In this insightful book, Offe questions the relevance of this paradigm to transatlantic relations today.

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