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<p>Sources xi</p> <p>The Editors xv</p> <p>The Authors xvii</p> <p>Introduction: The Ethnic Demographic Transition 1<br /><i>Thomas A. LaVeist</i></p> <p>Chapter 1 Defining Health and Health Care Disparities and Examining Disparities Across the Life Span 11<br /><i>Lydia A. Isaac</i></p> <p><b>Part 1 Historical and Political Considerations</b></p> <p>Chapter 2 The Color Line: Race Matters in the Elimination of Health Disparities 35<br /><i>Stephen B. Thomas</i></p> <p>Chapter 3 Health Care Disparities—Science, Politics, and Race 41<br /><i>M. Gregg Bloche</i></p> <p><b>Part 2 Conceptualizing Race and Ethnicity</b></p> <p>Chapter 4 Why Genes Don’t Count (for Racial Differences in Health) 49<br /><i>Alan H. Goodman</i></p> <p>Chapter 5 Using “Socially Assigned Race” to Probe White Advantages in Health Status 57<br /><i>Camara Phyllis Jones, Benedict I. Truman, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, Camille A. Jones, Clara Y. Jones, Ruth Jiles, Susan F. Rumisha, Geraldine S. Perry</i></p> <p><b>Part 3 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Disparities </b><b>Psychosocial and Individual-Level Determinants 77</b></p> <p>Chapter 6 Racism as a Stressor for African Americans: A Biopsychosocial Model 79<br /><i>Rodney Clark, Norman B. Anderson, Vernessa R. Clark, David R. Williams</i></p> <p>Chapter 7 A Systematic Review of Empirical Research on Self-Reported Racism and Health 105<br /><i>Yin Paradies</i></p> <p>Chapter 8 Stress, Coping, and Health Outcomes among African-Americans: A Review of the John Henryism Hypothesis 139<br />Gary G. Bennett, Marcellus M. Merritt, John J. Sollers III, Christopher L. Edwards, Keith E. Whitfi eld, Dwayne T. Brandon, Reginald D. Tucker-Seeley</p> <p>Chapter 9 Race and Unhealthy Behaviors: Chronic Stress, the HPA Axis, and Physical and Mental Health Disparities over the Life Course 159<br /><i>James S. Jackson, Katherine M. Knight, Jane A. Rafferty</i></p> <p>Chapter 10 Epigenetics and the Embodiment of Race: Developmental Origins of U.S. Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Health 175<br /><i>Christopher W. Kuzawa, Elizabeth Sweet</i></p> <p><b>The Effects of Culture 213</b></p> <p>Chapter 11 Acculturation and Latino Health in the United States: A Review of the Literature and Its Sociopolitical Context 215<br /><i>Marielena Lara, Cristina Gamboa, M. Iya Kahramanian, Leo S. Morales, David E. Hayes Bautista</i></p> <p>Chapter 12 Measuring Culture: A Critical Review of Acculturation and Health in Asian Immigrant Populations 253<br /><i>Talya Salant, Diane S. Lauderdale</i></p> <p>Chapter 13 Racial Influences Associated with Weight-Related Beliefs in African American and Caucasian Women 291<br /><i>Christie Z. Malpede, Lori F. Greene, Stephanie L. Fitzpatrick, Wendy K. Jefferson, Richard M. Shewchuk, Monica L. Baskin, Jamy D. Ard</i></p> <p>Chapter 14 Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Differences Between U.S.- and Foreign-Born Women in Major U.S. Racial and Ethnic Groups 303<br /><i>Gopal K. Singh, Stella M. Yu</i></p> <p><b><b>Social Determinants </b>321</b></p> <p>Chapter 15 Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Framework and a Gardener’s Tale 323<br /><i>Camara Phyllis Jones</i></p> <p>Chapter 16 Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health 331<br /><i>David R. Williams, Chiquita Collins</i></p> <p>Chapter 17 Life Course Theories of Race Disparities: A Comparison of the Cumulative Dis/Advantage Theory Perspective and the Weathering Hypothesis 355<br /><i>Roland J. Thorpe Jr., Jessica A. Kelley-Moore</i></p> <p>Chapter 18 U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations 375<br /><i>David R. Williams, Chiquita Collins</i></p> <p>Chapter 19 Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities 419<br /><i>Thomas A. LaVeist</i></p> <p><b><b>Environmental Determinants </b>437</b></p> <p>Chapter 20 Race/Ethnicity, the Social Environment, and Health 439<br /><i>Marsha Lillie-Blanton, Thomas A. LaVeist</i></p> <p>Chapter 21 Built Environments and Obesity in Disadvantaged Populations 455<br /><i>Gina S. Lovasi, Malo A. Hutson, Monica Guerra, Kathryn M. Neckerman</i></p> <p>Chapter 22 Health Risk and Inequitable Distribution of Liquor Stores in African American Neighborhoods 485<br /><i>Thomas A. LaVeist, John M. Wallace Jr.</i></p> <p>Chapter 23 Environmental Health Disparities: A Framework Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Concepts 493<br /><i>Gilbert C. Gee, Devon C. Payne-Sturges</i></p> <p>Chapter 24 Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired: Scientifi c Evidence, Methods, and Research Implications for Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Occupational Health 523<br /><i>Linda Rae Murray</i></p> <p><b>Part 4 Health Services and Health System Effects </b><b>Patients 539</b></p> <p>Chapter 25 Attitudes About Racism, Medical Mistrust, and Satisfaction with Care Among African American and White Cardiac Patients 541<br /><i>Thomas A. LaVeist, Kim J. Nickerson, Janice V. Bowie</i></p> <p>Chapter 26 The Legacy of Tuskegee and Trust in Medical Care: Is Tuskegee Responsible for Race Differences in Mistrust of Medical Care? 557<br /><i>Dwayne T. Brandon, Lydia A. Isaac, Thomas A. LaVeist</i></p> <p>Chapter 27 Patient Race/Ethnicity and Quality of Patient–Physician Communication during Medical Visits 569<br /><i>Rachel L. Johnson, Debra Roter, Neil R. Powe, Lisa A. Cooper</i></p> <p><b><b>Providers</b> 587</b></p> <p>Chapter 28 Implicit Bias among Physicians and Its Prediction of Thrombolysis Decisions for Black and White Patients 589<br /><i>Alexander R. Green, Dana R. Carney, Daniel J. Pallin, Long H. Ngo, Kristal L. Raymond, Lisa I. Iezzoni, Mahzarin R. Banaji</i></p> <p>Chapter 29 The Effect of Patient Race and Socio-Economic Status on Physicians’ Perceptions of Patients 607<br /><i>Michelle van Ryn, Jane Burke</i></p> <p>Chapter 30 Ethnicity and Analgesic Practice 637<br /><i>Knox H. Todd, Christi Deaton, Anne P. D’Adamo, Leon Goe</i></p> <p>Chapter 31 The Effect of Race and Sex on Physicians’ Recommendations for Cardiac Catheterization 647<br /><i>Kevin A. Schulman, Jesse A. Berlin, William Harless, Jon F. Kerner, Shyrl Sistrunk, Bernard J. Gersh, Ross Dubé, Christopher K. Taleghani, Jennifer E. Burke, Sankey Williams, John M. Eisenberg, José J. Escarce</i></p> <p><b><b>System</b> 665</b></p> <p>Chapter 32 Advancing Health Disparities Research within the Health Care System: A Conceptual Framework 667<br /><i>Amy M. Kilbourne, Galen Switzer, Kelly Hyman, Megan Crowley-Matoka, Michael J. Fine</i></p> <p>Chapter 33 Linking Cultural Competence Training to Improved Health Outcomes: Perspectives from the Field 689<br /><i>Joseph R. Betancourt, Alexander R. Green</i></p> <p>Chapter 34 “We Don’t Carry That”—Failure of Pharmacies in Predominantly Nonwhite Neighborhoods to Stock Opioid Analgesics 697<br /><i>R. Sean Morrison, Sylvan Wallenstein, Dana K. Natale, Richard S. Senzel, Lo-Li Huang</i></p> <p>Chapter 35 Do Hospitals Provide Lower-Quality Care to Minorities than to Whites? 707<br /><i>Darrell J. Gaskin, Christine S. Spencer, Patrick Richard, Gerard F. Anderson, Neil R. Powe, Thomas A. LaVeist</i></p> <p><b>Part 5 Health Disparities Solutions</b></p> <p>Chapter 36 Linking Science and Policy through Community-Based Participatory Research to Study and Address Health Disparities 723<br /><i>Meredith Minkler</i></p> <p>Chapter 37 The National Health Plan Collaborative to Reduce Disparities and Improve Quality 741<br /><i>Nicole Lurie, Allen Fremont, Stephen A. Somers, Kathryn Coltin, Andrea Gelzer, Rhonda Johnson, Wayne Rawlins, Grace Ting, Winston Wong, Donna Zimmerman</i></p> <p>Chapter 38 Interventions to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care 761<br /><i>Marshall H. Chin, Amy E. Walters, Scott C. Cook, Elbert S. Huang</i></p> <p>Index 787</p>

<p><strong>Thomas A. LaVeist, Ph.D.</strong> is William C. and Nancy F. Richardson Professor in Health Policy and Director of the Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He is a frequent visiting lecturer on minority health issues at other universities. He is also a frequent speaker at professional conferences and workshops sponsored by leading public health professional associations. Dr. LaVeist consults often with federal agencies and healthcare organizations on minority health and cultural competency issues and racial disparities in health. He has conducted several important studies of minority health. His research on minority health has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Center for Disease Control, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Brookdale Foundation, Commonwealth Fund, Russell Sage Foundation and the Kaiser Family Foundation. <p><strong>Lydia Isaac, PhD</strong>, is assistant professor and fieldwork coordinator, Community Health, Department of Urban Public Health, Hunter College. She formerly served with the Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions. Dr. Isaac's research interests include translating research into policy and practice, racial and ethnic health disparities, the social determinants of health and the neighborhood environment and its role in health promotion.

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