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Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis

Theresa E. Rizzi

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

Amy Valenciano

IDEXX, Flower Mound, TX, USA

Mary Bowles

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA

Rick Cowell

IDEXX, Hillside Street, OK, USA

Ronald Tyler

Harlingen, TX, USA

Dennis B. DeNicola

Chief Veterinary Educator IDEXX Laboratories One IDEXX DriveWestbrook, ME, USA





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Dedication

The authors would like to dedicate this Atlas to our families who supported us not only in our efforts to write the text but also in the many years spent in acquiring the knowledge to develop its content. We also dedicate this Atlas to the veterinary practitioners, technicians, diagnostic laboratory personnel, and students who strive to enhance the care of the dogs and cats that enrich people's lives.

Personal Dedications

My efforts are dedicated to Jesus Christ, Lord and Savior, and to my husband, Daniel, daughter, Avery, and son, Ty.

Amy Valenciano

To my mother who gave me my core tenants of faith, honesty and respect; my amazing wife, Reba, for her patience and support; my children – Reba, Ron, Britt, and Blake – who have made my life truly wonderful, exciting, and worthwhile; and the many exceptional colleagues who have taught, inspired and guided me – especially Roger Panciera for his mentorship and Rick Cowell for his many contributions to my development as a person and pathologist and, most of all, for his friendship through the years.

Ron Tyler

To my parents who taught me the value of honesty and instilled in me a work ethic that has served me well through the years. To my wife (Annette) and daughter (Anne) who have continually given support, meaning, and inspiration to my life. To my daughter (Rebecca) who showed me the face of true courage and taught me how to laugh and love even in the worst of times. While she lost her battle with cancer at the age of 11, her memories and life lessons will forever be remembered.

To the many outstanding veterinary clinical pathologists I have had the opportunity to learn from, especially Drs. Ronald D. Tyler, James Meinkoth, and Dennis DeNicola. To the many veterinary practitioners, residents, and students who taught me much more than I could have ever hoped to teach them and have become colleagues and friends. To IDEXX laboratories for their continued support of veterinary education.

Rick Cowell

To the many people who encouraged and assisted me during my career as a veterinary clinician and educator.

My parents who made many sacrifices to help me attain my goal of becoming a veterinarian.

My husband, John, and my children, Will and Lisa, who gave me unconditional support while experiencing many work-related interruptions in our family life.

Dr. Joe Dorner, the veterinary clinical pathologist and instructor, who first sparked my interest in clinical pathology and made me realize its importance in patient management.

Dr. Ralph Buckner, who was a wonderful mentor and role model for my development as a clinician, teacher, and human being.

The numerous contributors to the veterinary urology literature such as Drs. Carl Osborne, Jody Lulich, Stephen Dibartola, Dennis Chew, Greg Grauer, Shelly Vaden, and Joe Bartges, who helped expand my knowledge and ability to teach the subject of urology.

The students, colleagues, clients, and patients I have been privileged to know who constantly stimulated me to enhance my knowledge and skills as a clinician and a teacher.

Mary Bowles

This book is dedicated to my wife, Debbie, and son Aiden, who every day inspire me to be the person they believe I am. To my parents that instilled in me a strong work ethic and the value of integrity in all I do and to my siblings who helped me develop my sense of humor and deep sense of unconditional love. To my mentors, Drs. Rick Cowell and James Meinkoth, who gave me an opportunity many years ago and contributed to my development as a clinical pathologist; I am forever grateful. Lastly, this book is dedicated to colleagues, residents, students, and staff at Oklahoma State University who make what I do so enjoyable.

Theresa E. Rizzi