Cover Page

In Memoriam

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Mokhtar Gado, c.1992. Courtesy of MRI Photography.

Mokhtar H. Gado, MD, (1933–2016) was a leading researcher, clinician, educator and mentor for decades at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR) at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

Dr. Gado’s work on the nervous system included: a) Extensive research involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine; b) The radiological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease and brain changes in the elderly; and, c) The correlation of physical principles of magnetic resonance to the pathologic changes in the disease processes of the central nervous system. All had significant impacts in clinical neuroscience.

Dr. Gado was born in Monoufiah, Egypt. He earned his bachelor’s degree in 1949 and his medical degree in 1953 at Cairo University. After completing his internship, residencies and fellowships at Cairo University Hospital, he took fellowships at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge, England and at, what was then, the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, in Queen Square, London. In 1970, he came to Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis as a fellow in radiology. In 1971, Dr. Gado was appointed chief of the neuroradiology section which he led until 1991. Thereafter, he continued active research, teaching and scholarship. He was appointed Professor Emeritus in 2013.

FOURTH EDITION

The Brain Atlas

A VISUAL GUIDE TO THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Thomas A. Woolsey

Lecturer in Biology

George H. and Ethel R. Bishop Scholar in Neuroscience

Professor Emeritus of Experimental Neurological Surgery, of Experimental Neurology, of Anatomy and Neurobiology, of Cell Biology and Physiology and of Biomedical Engineering

Washington University School of Medicine

St Louis, MO, USA

Joseph Hanaway

Retired Clinical Assistant Professor of Neurology

Washington University School of Medicine

St Louis, MO, USA

Mokhtar H. Gado

Formerly Professor of Radiology

Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology

Washington University School of Medicine

St Louis, MO, USA

 

 

 

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Dedicated to

 

Clinton N. Woolsey

Jerzy E. Rose

David Bodian

W. Maxwell Cowan

Robert H. Ackerman

Verne S. Caviness

James W. Bull

George du Boulay

Preface

The Fourth Edition of The Brain Atlas includes significant updates, additions and modifications:

  1. The illustrations of pathways use colored lines to identify different components. The adjacent text now includes colored type to highlight relevant descriptions.
  2. Images of brain developmental stages have been added to illustrate Table 1 (p. 10).
  3. For a more complete description of mammalian anatomical orientation, terminology labels - frontal and occipital - have been placed next to the human head (p. 13).
  4. The section on arousal and sleep has been moved to Hypothalamus (p. 222).
  5. Two new sections have been added to Hypothalamus: a) a section describing hypothalamic centers for feeding (p. 228); b) a section describing the Circumventricular Organs (CVO) located near the midline surrounding the third and fourth ventricles. CVOs have no blood brain barriers and are routes by which blood contents can activate neurons throughout the CNS. Some have secretory functions of their own, i.e., the Pineal Gland secretes melatonin calibrating the biological clock of sleep and wakefulness (p. 230).
  6. The Brain Atlas now also allows users (students, residents, researchers, faculty and practitioners) to interact with a companion digital edition. Your personal access code can be found in the inside front cover or, if you have purchased an e-book, in the prelim pages by contacting customer service as directed. The digital companion includes interactive pages showing dynamically displayed illustrations to enhance learning, such as show/hide functionality ideal for self-test, and the ability to build up nerve pathways. Links allow the reader to navigate the product and see more quickly how slices in one plane relate to slices in other planes. The Brain Atlas digital companion can be downloaded to your desktop or used online, and is also accessible with hand held and other mobile electronic devices at any time in any location.

Acknowledgements

The acknowledgment page of any book is a chance for the authors to thank and to give credit to the people ‘behind the scenes’ who get a technical work like The Brain Atlas into print and an application. The authors know how precise labeling areas in the brain must be and we thank the professionals who followed our detailed instructions:

  1. Claire Bonnett, Publisher, who supervised this project and made it easier to complete this work.
  2. Francesca Giovannetti, Production Editor, who handled all the details of labeling images.
  3. And Deirdre Barry, Senior Editorial Assistant, who assisted Claire.

 

Thomas A. Woolsey and Joseph Hanaway

About the Digital Companion

The Brain Atlas comes with free access to a Wiley Digital Companion: Powered by VitalSource – a digital, interactive version of this book which you own as soon as you download it.

Your Wiley Digital Companion allows you to:
Learn: Benefit from interactive pages throughout the book, using show/hide functionalities on brain slices to test yourself, follow links to move easily between related brain slices, and use animated nerve pathway diagrams to build and understand overlaying structures
Search: Save time by finding terms and topics instantly in your book, your notes, even your whole library
Note and Highlight: Colour code, highlight and make digital notes right in the text so you can find them quickly and easily
Organize: Keep books, notes and materials organized in folders inside the application
Share: Exchange notes and highlights with friends, classmates and study groups
Upgrade: Your Wiley Digital Companion can be transferred when you need to change or upgrade computers

The Wiley Digital Companion will also allow you to copy and paste any photograph or illustration into assignments, presentations and your own notes.

To access your Wiley Digital Companion:

PART I

PART I is an illustrated overview of The Brain Atlas. The main features of the central nervous system and the organization of this book are described. Sources of the specimens and the methods by which they were prepared and photographed are detailed. Key aspects of the various radiological techniques for the images included are outlined. Selected references are listed at the end.