Few people read introductions to reference books, so I’ll make this very brief. I just want to tell you which versions of QuickBooks this book works for, what’s in the reference, what it assumes about your existing skills, and what conventions I use.
The desktop version of QuickBooks comes in several flavors, including QuickBooks Self-Employed, QuickBooks Pro, QuickBooks Premier, and QuickBooks Enterprise Solutions. This reference talks about QuickBooks 2017 Enterprise Solutions, which is a superset of QuickBooks Premier and QuickBooks Pro. If you’re using QuickBooks Self-Employed or QuickBooks Online, you shouldn’t use this book. Sorry.
On the other hand, even though this book is written for QuickBooks Enterprise Solutions, if you’re using QuickBooks Premier or QuickBooks Pro, don’t worry. You’re just fine with this book. And don’t freak out if you’re using some version of QuickBooks that’s very similar to QuickBooks 2017, such as QuickBooks 2016 or QuickBooks 2018. Although this reference is about QuickBooks 2017, it also works just fine for the 2015, 2016, and probably 2018 versions of QuickBooks because QuickBooks is a very mature product at this point. The changes from one year to the next are modest. This means that if you’re using QuickBooks 2016, stuff may look a little different if you closely compare the images in this book with what you see on your screen, but the information in this reference will still apply to your situation.
Note, too, that specialty versions of QuickBooks, such as QuickBooks Accountant’s Edition and QuickBooks Contractor, also work almost identically to QuickBooks Premier.
If you use QuickBooks Pro and see some whistle or bell that you really want to use but that isn’t available in your version of QuickBooks, you’ll know that you should upgrade to the Premier version or Enterprise Solutions version of QuickBooks.
The bottom line? Yes, QuickBooks comes in several flavors. Yes, Intuit publishes new editions of its QuickBooks products every year. But you can use this book for any recent version of QuickBooks Pro, Premier, or Enterprise Solutions.
To make the best use of your time and energy, you should know about the conventions I use in this book:
You can tell QuickBooks to use windows like every other program does, however, by choosing View ⇒ Multiple Windows. You can even remove the Navigator pane by choosing View ⇒ Open Window List.
I’m making only three assumptions about your QuickBooks and accounting skills:
In other words, I don’t assume that you’re a computer genius or an MBA, or that you’re superexperienced in the arcane rules of accounting. I assume that QuickBooks and accounting are new subjects to you. But I also assume that you want to understand the subjects because you need to do so for your job or your business.
Like many computer books, this book uses icons, or little pictures, to flag things that don’t quite fit into the flow of things.
The Warning icon tells you to watch out! It marks important information that may save you headaches when using QuickBooks 2017.
Remember icons mark the information that’s especially important to know. To siphon off the most important information in each chapter, just skim these icons.
The Tip icon marks tips (duh!) and shortcuts that you can use to make QuickBooks easier.
The Technical Stuff icon marks information of a highly technical nature that you normally can skip.
QuickBooks 2017 All-in-One For Dummies includes some extra content that you bought with your book but didn’t actually get inside the book. Okay, I know that sounds bad at first blush. But don’t worry. This extra, premium stuff is available online:
The Cheat Sheet for this book is at
http://www.dummies.com
In the Search field, type QuickBooks 2017 All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet to find the Cheat sheet for this book.
http://www.dummies.com. Search for the book’s title to find the associated updates.This reference combines eight short books, including a minibook about accounting, one about setting up the QuickBooks system, one for bookkeepers using QuickBooks, one for accountants and managers using QuickBooks, a minibook about small-business financial management, a minibook about business planning, a minibook about taking care of a QuickBooks accounting system, and a minibook of appendixes of further useful information.
I’m not going to go into more detail here about what’s available in the book. If you have a specific question about what’s covered or where some topic is covered, refer to the table of contents in the front of this reference. Also remember that the book provides an index to help you find just the pages that have the information you need.
While I’m on the subject of what’s in this book and how to find information, let me make four tangential points:
QuickBooks® 2017 All-in-One For Dummies®
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955393
ISBN: 978-1-119-28134-4 (pbk); 978-1-119-28135-1 (ebk); 978-1-119-28136-8 (ebk)
Book 1
Contents at a Glance
Chapter 1
IN THIS CHAPTER
Figuring out the purpose of accounting
Taking a look at the common financial statements
Understanding the philosophy of accounting
Discovering income tax accounting and reporting
Any discussion of how to use QuickBooks to better manage your business begins with a discussion of the basics of accounting. For this reason, in this chapter and the next two, I attempt to provide the same information that you would receive in an introductory college accounting course. I tailor the entire discussion, of course, to QuickBooks and the small-business environment. What you’ll read about here and in the next chapters of this book pretty much describes how accounting works in a small-business setting using QuickBooks.
If you’ve had some experience with accounting, if you know how to read an income statement and balance sheet, or if you know how to construct a journal entry, you don’t need to read this chapter or the next. But if you’re new to accounting and business bookkeeping, take the time to read this chapter carefully. I start the chapter by giving you a high-level overview of the purpose of accounting. Then I review the common financial statements that any accounting system worth its salt produces. I also discuss some of the important principles of accounting and the philosophy of accounting. Finally, I talk a little bit about income tax law and tax accounting.
In the movie Creator, Peter O’Toole plays an eccentric professor. At one point, O’Toole’s character attempts to talk a young student into working as an unpaid research assistant. When the student protests, noting that he needs 15 credit hours, O’Toole creates a special 15-credit independent-study course named “Introduction to the Big Picture.” In the next section, I describe the “big picture” of accounting. At its core, accounting makes perfect, logical sense.
The most important thing to understand about accounting is that it provides financial information to stakeholders. Stakeholders are the people who do business with or interact with a firm; they include managers, employees, investors, banks, vendors, government authorities, and agencies that may tax a firm. Stakeholders and their information requirements deserve a bit more discussion. Why? Because the information needs of these stakeholders determine what an accounting system must do.
The first category of stakeholders includes the firm’s managers, investors, and entrepreneurs. This group needs financial information to determine whether a business is making money. This group also wants any information that gives insight into whether a business is growing or contracting and how healthy or sick it is. To fulfill its obligations and duties, this group often needs detailed information. A manager or entrepreneur may want to know which customers are particularly profitable — or unprofitable. An active investor may want to know which product lines are growing or contracting.
A related set of information requirements concerns asset and liability record keeping. An asset is something that the firm owns, such as cash, inventory, or equipment. A liability is some debt or obligation that the firm owes, such as bank loans and accounts payable.
Obviously, someone at a firm — perhaps a manager, bookkeeper, or accountant — needs to have very detailed records of the amount of cash that the firm has in its bank accounts, the inventory that the firm has in its warehouse or on its shelves, and the equipment that the firm owns and uses in its operations.
If you look over the preceding two or three paragraphs, nothing I’ve said is particularly surprising. It makes sense, right? Someone who works in a business, manages a business, or actively invests in a business needs good general information about the financial affairs of the firm and, in many cases, very detailed information about important assets (such as cash) and liabilities (such as bank loans).
A second category of stakeholders includes outside firms that lend money to a business and credit-reporting agencies that supply information to these lenders. Banks want to know about the financial affairs and financial condition of a firm before lending money, for example. The accounting system needs to produce the financial information that a bank requires to consider a loan request.
What information do lenders want? Lenders want to know that a business is profitable and enjoys a positive cash flow. Profits and positive cash flows allow a business to easily repay debt. A bank or other lender also wants to see assets that could be liquidated, in a worst-case scenario, to pay a loan — and other debts that may represent a claim on the firm’s assets.
Vendors also typically require financial information from a firm. A vendor often lends money to a firm by extending trade credit. What’s noteworthy about this is that vendors sometimes require special accounting. One of the categories of vendors that a company such as John Wiley & Sons, Inc., deals with is authors. To pay an author the royalty that he or she is entitled to, Wiley puts in a fair amount of work to calculate royalty-per-unit amounts and then reports and remits these amounts to authors.
Other firms sometimes have similar financial reporting requirements for vendors. Franchisees (such as the man or woman who owns and operates the local McDonald’s) pay a franchise fee based on revenue. Retailers may perform special accounting and reporting to enjoy rebates and incentives from the manufacturers of the products that they sell.
Predictable stakeholders that require financial information from a business also include the federal and state government agencies with jurisdiction over the firm. Every business in the United States needs to report on its revenue, expenses, and profits so that the firm can correctly calculate income tax due to the federal government (and often the state government too) and then pay that tax.
Firms with employees must also report to the federal and state governments on wages paid to those employees and pay payroll taxes based on metrics, such as number of employees, wages paid to employees, and unemployment benefits claimed by past employees.
Providing this sort of financial information to government agencies represents a key duty of a firm’s accounting system.
In addition to the financial reporting described in the preceding paragraphs, accounting systems typically perform a key task for businesses: producing business forms. An accounting system almost always produces the checks needed to pay vendors, for example. In addition, an accounting system prepares the invoices and payroll checks. More sophisticated accounting systems, such as those used by large firms, prepare many other business forms, including purchase orders, monthly customer statements, credit memos to customers, sales receipts, and so forth.
Every accounting function that I’ve described so far is performed ably by each of the versions of QuickBooks: QuickBooks Simple Start, QuickBooks Pro, QuickBooks Premier, and QuickBooks Enterprise.