For two people who made me a better person.
Dr Clare Cassidy (1968–2008)
I continue to be inspired by Clare’s memory daily.
An amazing friend and colleague.
“But then with autumn upon us, so breezy and cruel,
Clare left us in Paris, heartbroken and cool.
But we remember Clare’s grace, her beauty, her light;
Her kindness, her smile and sadness, its might.”
(RO’C, 2008)
Professor Noel Sheehy (1955–2011)
One day in the summer of 1994 Noel asked me whether I might be interested in undertaking a PhD on suicide—without hesitation I jumped at the chance. Without him, I would never have embarked on a career in suicide research. He took a chance on me. For this (and many other things besides) I will always be grateful. So kind and generous.
In my thoughts
Rory C. O’Connor
Second Edition
Edited by
Rory C. O'Connor and Jane Pirkis
This second edition first published 2016
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Edition history: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (1e, 2011)
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: O’Connor, Rory C., editor. | Pirkis, Jane, editor.
Title: The international handbook of suicide prevention / edited by Rory C. O’Connor and Jane Pirkis.
Description: 2nd Edition. | Hoboken : Wiley, 2016. | Revised edition of International handbook of suicide prevention research, policy and practice, 2011. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016021173 (print) | LCCN 2016022004 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118903278 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118903230 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118903247 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Suicide–Prevention–Research. | Suicidal behavior–Research.
Classification: LCC HV6545 .I594 2016 (print) | LCC HV6545 (ebook) | DDC 616.85/8445–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016021173
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover image: Gettyimages/Kenichi Sotozaki / EyeEm
To all those who have been affected by suicide and to
those who struggle daily to stay alive.
To Suzy, Poppy, and Oisin for all their continued support
Karl Andriessen
School of Psychiatry
University of New South Wales
Randwick NSW
Australia
Alan Apter
Feinberg Child Study Center
Schneider's Children's Medical Center of Israel
Petach Tikvah and Sackler Faculty of Medicine
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv
Israel
Ella Arensman
National Suicide Research Foundation
Department of Epidemiologyand Public Health
WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance and Research in Suicide Prevention
University College Cork
Cork
Ireland
Urška Arnautovska
Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention
WHO Collaborating Centre on Research and Training in Suicide Prevention
Griffith University
Australia
Nargis Asad
Department of Psychiatry
Aga Khan University
Karachi
Pakistan
Deborah Azrael
Harvard Injury Control Research Center
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Boston, Massachusetts
USA
Alan L. Berman
Department of Psychiatry
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
USA
Stijn Bijttebier
Unit for Suicide Research
Ghent University
Ghent
Belgium
Lisa A. Brenner
VA Veteran Integrated Service Network 19 – Mental Illness Research Education, & Clinical Center
Denver
Colorado
USA
Gregory K. Brown
Department of Psychiatry
University of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
USA
Gregory L. Carter
Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health
Faculty of Health and Medicine
University of Newcastle, Callaghan
Australia
François Chagnon
Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide and Euthanasia and
Psychology Department
Université du Québec à Montréal
Montréal, Québec
Canada
Lai Fong Chan
Department of Psychiatry
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [National University of Malaysia]
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Nadine A. Chang
Department of Psychiatry
Mount Sinai St. Luke’s Hospital
New York
USA
Shu‐Sen Chang
Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences and
Department of Public Health
College of Public Health
National Taiwan University
Taiwan
Ying‐Yeh Chen
Taipei City Psychiatric Center Taipei City Hospital &
National Yang‐Ming University
Taipei
Taiwan
Seonaid Cleare
Suicidal Behaviour Research
Laboratory
Institute of Health & Wellbeing
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
Scotland
UK
Katherine Anne Comtois
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and
Department of Psychology Harborview Medical Center
University of Washington
Seattle
Washington
USA
Kenneth R. Conner
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester
New York
USA
VA VISN 2 Center of Excellence
Canandaigua
New York
USA
Paul Corcoran
National Suicide Research Foundation
Department of Epidemiology andPublic Health
National Perinatal Epidemiology Centre
WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance and Research in Suicide Prevention
University College Cork
Cork
Ireland
Catherine Crane
Oxford Mindfulness Centre
Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford
England
UK
Amy Cunningham
Centre for Acceptance and Change
Pennsylvania
USA
Dianne Currier
Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
University of Melbourne
Melbourne
Australia
Diego De Leo
Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention
WHO Collaborating Centre on Research and Training in Suicide Prevention and Life Promotion
Clinic
Griffith University
Australia
Antoine Desîlets
McGill Group for Suicide Studies
Douglas Mental Health University Institute
McGill University
Montreal
Canada
Peter Döme
Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention
National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions
Budapest
Hungary
Nadine Dougall
NMAHP Research Unit
School of Health Sciences
University of Stirling
Stirling
Scotland
UK
Danielle S. Duggan
Oxford Mindfulness Centre
Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford
England
UK
Sarah Eschle
Suicidal Behaviour Research
Laboratory
Institute of Health & Wellbeing
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
Scotland
UK
Alberto Forte
Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs Suicide Prevention Center
Sant'Andrea Hospital
Sapienza University of Rome
Italy
Joseph C. Franklin
Department of Psychology
Vanderbilt University
Nashville
Tennessee
USA
Bergljot Gjelsvik
Oxford Mindfulness Centre
Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford
Oxford
England
UK
Catherine R. Glenn
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology
University of Rochester
Rochester
New York
USA
Onja T. Grad
Centre for Mental Health
University Psychiatric Hospital
Ljubljana
Slovenia
Eve Griffin
National Suicide Research Foundation
WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance and Research in Suicide Prevention
University College Cork
Cork
Ireland
David Gunnell
School of Social and Community Medicine
University of Bristol
England
UK
Peter M. Gutierrez
VA Veteran Integrated Service Network 19 – Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center
Denver
Colorado
USA
Yari Gvion
Department of Psychology
Bar Ilan University
Ramat Gan
Israel
Gergö Hadlaczky
National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental lll‐Health (NASP)
Karolinska Institutet
Stockholm
Sweden
Christopher R. Hagan
Laboratory for the Study and Prevention of Suicide‐Related Conditions and Behaviors
Department of Psychology
Florida State University
USA
Emily Hargus
Oxford Mindfulness Centre
Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford
Oxford
England
UK
Simon Hatcher
Department of Psychiatry
University of Ottawa
Ottawa
Canada
Keith Hawton
Centre for Suicide Research
Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford
England
UK
Silvia R. Hepburn
Department of Clinical Health Psychology
St Mary's Hospital
England
UK
Heidi Hjelmeland
Department of Social Workand Health Science
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Trondheim
Norway
Christina W. Hoven
Department of Epidemiology and Division of Child Psychiatry
Child Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, College of Physicians and
Surgeons and
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
New York State Psychiatric
Institute
New York
USA
Isabelle M. Hunt
Centre for Suicide Prevention
Centre for Mental Health and Safety
University of Manchester
Manchester
England
UK
Shari Jager‐Hyman
Aaron T. Beck Psychopathology Research Center
University of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
USA
Mark A. Ilgen
VA Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center & University of Michigan
Department of Psychiatry
Ann Arbor
Michigan
USA
David A. Jobes
Suicide Prevention Lab
Department of Psychology
The Catholic University of America
Department of Psychology
Washington, DC
USA
Thomas E. Joiner
Laboratory for the Study and Prevention of Suicide‐Related Conditions and Behaviors
Department of Psychology
Florida State University
USA
Navneet Kapur
Centre for Suicide Prevention
Centre for Mental Health and Safety
University of Manchester
Manchester
England
UK
Laurence Y. Katz
Department of Psychiatry
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
Canada
Jaclyn C. Kearns
National Center for PTSD
VA Boston Healthcare System
Boston
Massachusetts
USA
Ad Kerkhof
Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research
Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences
VU University
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Murad M. Khan
Department of Psychiatry
Aga Khan University
Karachi
Pakistan
Olivia J. Kirtley
Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory
Institute of Health & Wellbeing
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
Scotland
UK
Birthe Loa Knizek
Department of Applied Social Sciences
Department of Social Work and Health Science
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Trondheim
Norway
Lynda Kong
Department of Psychiatry
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
Canada
Augustine J. Kposowa
Department of Sociology
University of California
Riverside
USA
Myriam Labossière
McGill Group for Suicide Studies
Douglas Mental Health University Institute
McGill University
Montreal
Canada
Dorian A. Lamis
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta
Georgia
USA
Elizabeth C. Lanzillo
Department of Psychology
Brown University
Rhode Island
USA
DeQuincy A. Lezine
Prevention Communities
Fresno
California
USA
Donald J. Mandell
International Center for Child Mental Health
National Center for Disaster Preparedness
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York State Psychiatric Institute
New York
USA
Maniam Thambu
Department of Psychiatry
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [National University of Malaysia]
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
J. John Mann
Division of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology
Department of Psychiatry
College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University
New York State Psychiatric Institute
USA
David McDaid
Personal Social Services Research Unit
LSE Health and Social Care
London School of Economics and Political Science
London
UK
Alexander McGirr
Department of Psychiatry
University of British Columbia
Vancouver
Canada
Lars Mehlum
National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention
Institute of Clinical Medicine
University of Oslo
Oslo
Norway
Konrad Michel
University Hospital of Psychiatry
University of Bern
Bern
Switzerland
Matthew J. Miller
Department of Health Sciences
Northeastern University
Boston
Massachusetts
USA
Allison J. Milner
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
University of Melbourne
Melbourne
Australia
Centre for Mental Health Research
School of Population and Global Health
The University of Melbourne
Melbourne
Australia
Brian L. Mishara
Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide and Euthanasia and Psychology Department
Université du Québec à Montréal
Montréal
Québec
Canada
Erlend Mork
National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention
Institute of Clinical Medicine
University of Oslo
OsloNorway
Katherine Mok
Centre for Mental Health
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
University of Melbourne
Melbourne
Australia
Matthew K. Nock
Department of Psychology
Harvard University
Cambridge
Massachusetts
USA
Merete Nordentoft
Psychiatric Center Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Denmark
Rory C. O’Connor
Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory
Institute of Health & Wellbeing
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
Scotland
UK
Stephen S. O’Connor
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Louisville
Louisville
Kentucky
USA
Maria A. Oquendo
Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Division (MIND)
Department of Psychiatry
College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University
New York State Psychiatric Institute
USA
Joel Paris
Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry
McGill University
Montreal
Quebec
Canada
Michael Phillips
Suicide Research and Prevention Centre
Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Emory University School of Medicine
Shanghai
China
Jane Pirkis
Centre for Mental Health
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
University of Melbourne
Melbourne
Australia
Stephen Platt
Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics
University of Edinburgh
Scotland
UK
Maurizio Pompili
Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs
Suicide Prevention Center
Sant'Andrea Hospital
Sapienza University of Rome
Italy
Zoltán Rihmer
Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention
National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions
Budapest
Hungary
Jessica D. Ribeiro
Vanderbilt University
Nashville
Tennessee
USA
Vincent Riordan
West Cork Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland and
Centre for Rural Health Research and Policy
Inverness
Scotland
UK
Jo Robinson
Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health
Melbourne
Victoria
Australia
Jitender Sareen
Department of Psychiatry
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg
Canada
Kate E. A. Saunders
Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford
Warneford Hospital
England
UK
Morton M. Silverman
Department of Psychiatry
School of Medicine
University of Colorado
Denver
USA
Steven Stack
Departments of Criminology, and Psychiatry & Behavioral
Neuroscience
Wayne State University
Detroit
USA
Barbara Stanley
Division of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology
Department of Psychiatry
College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University
New York State Psychiatric Institute
USA
Cameron R. Stark
Department of Public Health
NHS Highland, Inverness
Centre for Rural Health
University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen
Scotland
UK
Sarah Steeg
Centre for Suicide Prevention
Centre for Mental Health and
Safety
University of Manchester
Manchester
England
UK
Katherin Sudol
Frank H. Netter, M.D.School of Medicine
Quinnipiac University
North Haven, Connecticut
USA
Ehsanullah Syed
Department of Psychiatry
Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Penn State College Of Medicine
Hershey
Pennsylvania
USA
Gustavo Turecki
McGill Group for Suicide Studies
Douglas Mental Health University Institute
McGill University
Montreal
Canada
Kees van Heeringen
Unit of Suicide Research and Flemish Suicide Prevention Centre
Ghent University
GhentBelgium
Bregje van Spijker
National Institute for Mental Health Research
Research School of Population Health
The Australian National University
Australia Capital Territory
Australia
Lakshmi Vijayakumar
Voluntary Health Services
SNEHA Suicide Prevention Centre
India & University of Melbourne
ChennaiIndia
Yun Wang
Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention
University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Camilla Wasserman
Child Psychiatric Epidemiology
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Columbia University
New York State Psychiatric Institute
New York
USA
Danuta Wasserman
National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental lll‐Health (NASP)
Karolinska Institutet
Stockholm
Sweden
Karen Wetherall
Suicidal Behaviour ResearchLaboratory
Institute of Health & Wellbeing
University of Glasgow
Glasgow
Scotland
UK
J. Mark G. Williams
Oxford Mindfulness Centre
Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford
Oxford
England
UK
Kirsten Windfuhr
Centre for Suicide Prevention
Centre for Mental Health and Safety
University of Manchester
Manchester
England
UK
Alan Woodward
Lifeline Research Foundation
Lifeline Australia
Canberra
Australian Capital Territory
Australia
Kevin Chien‐Chang Wu
Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics
National Taiwan
University College of Medicine
Department of Psychiatry
National Taiwan
University Hospital
Taiwan
Clare Wyllie
Research & Evaluation
Samaritans
UK
Paul S. F. Yip
Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention & Department of Social Work and Social Administration
University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong