Praise for Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion
“Experts provide clear guidance on how to design and implement initiatives that will truly connect and engage diverse individuals in the workplace.”
Ann Marie Ryan, Ph.D., professor, Michigan State University and past president, SIOP
“A must read for leaders who want to understand both the academic background and practical D&I approaches to driving systemic change.”
Candi Castleberry-Singleton, Chief Inclusion and Diversity Officer, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
“Comprehensive and data informed, yet personal and practical, this is a must-read book for those interested in both the science and practice of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Perfect to jump start a discussion with the managers in your organization or for teaching a class to the managers of the future!”
Ana Mari Cauce, Ph.D., provost and professor, University of Washington
“Brilliant! The editors and contributors deliver penetrating insight into today's meaning of diversity and inclusion.”
Manny Gonzalez, CEO, National Society of Hispanic MBAs
“This book succeeds not just in combining theory with practice but also in bringing together a variety of different approaches and disciplines. The writers are the best in the field and they refresh our knowledge whilst challenging our thinking.”
Binna Kandola, Ph.D., OBE, senior partner, PearnKandola, and former chair, Division of Occupational Psychology, British Psychological Society
“This impressive volume fills an important gap in the diversity and inclusion literature by bringing together research and practice. The contributors—from both academia and practice—have the depth of experience, insight, and credibility that make this volume especially valuable for both audiences.”
Nancy DiTomaso, Ph.D., vice dean, Rutgers Business School; author, The American Non-Dilemma: Racial Inequality without Racism
The Professional Practice Series
The Professional Practice Series is sponsored by The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc. (SIOP). The series was launched in 1988 to provide industrial and organizational psychologists, organizational scientists and practitioners, human resources professionals, managers, executives, and those interested in organizational behavior and performance with volumes that are insightful, current, informative, and relevant to organizational practice. The volumes in the Professional Practice Series are guided by five tenets designed to enhance future organizational practice:
Focus on practice, but grounded in science
Translate organizational science into practice by generating guidelines, principles, and lessons learned that can shape and guide practice
Showcase the application of industrial and organizational psychology to solve problems
Document and demonstrate best industrial and organizational- based practices
Stimulate research needed to guide future organizational practice
The volumes seek to inform those interested in practice with guidance, insights, and advice on how to apply the concepts, findings, methods, and tools derived from industrial and organizational psychology to solve human-related organizational problems.
Previous Professional Practice Series volumes include:
Published by Jossey-Bass
Developing and Enhancing Teamwork in Organizations: Evidence-Based Best Practices and Guidelines Eduardo Salas, Scott I. Tannenbaum, Debra J. Cohen, Gary Latham, Editors
Managing Human Resources for Environmental Sustainability Susan E. Jackson, Deniz S. Ones, Stephan Dilchert, Editors
Technology-Enhanced Assessment of Talent Nancy T. Tippins, Seymour Adler, Editors
Advancing Executive Coaching: Setting the Course for Successful Leadership Coaching Gina Hernez-Broom, Lisa A. Boyce, Editors
Going Global: Practical Applications and Recommendations for HR and OD Professionals in the Global Workplace Kyle Lundby with Jeffrey Jolton
Strategy-Driven Talent Management: A Leadership Imperative Rob Silzer, Ben E. Dowell, Editors
Performance Management: Putting Research into Practice James W. Smither, Manuel London, Editors
Alternative Validation Strategies: Developing New and Leveraging Existing Validity Evidence S. Morton McPhail, Editor
Getting Action from Organizational Surveys: New Concepts, Technologies, and Applications Allen I. Kraut, Editor
Customer Service Delivery Lawrence Fogli, Editor
Employment Discrimination Litigation Frank J. Landy, Editor
The Brave New World of eHR Hal G. Gueutal, Dianna L. Stone, Editors
Improving Learning Transfer in Organizations Elwood F. Holton III, Timothy T. Baldwin, Editors
Resizing the Organization Kenneth P. De Meuse, Mitchell Lee Marks, Editors
Implementing Organizational Interventions Jerry W. Hedge, Elaine D. Pulakos, Editors
Organization Development Janine Waclawski, Allan H. Church, Editors
Creating, Implementing, and Managing Effective Training and Development Kurt Kraiger, Editor
The 21st Century Executive: Innovative Practices for Building Leadership at the Top Rob Silzer, Editor
Managng Selection in Changing Organizations Jerard F. Kehoe, Editor
Emlving Practices in Human Resource Management Allen I. Kraut, Abraham K. Korman, Editors
Individual Psychological Assessment: Predicting Behavior in Organizational Settings Richard Jeanneret, Rob Silzer, Editors
Performance Appraisal James W. Smither, Editor
Organizational Surveys Allen I. Kraut, Editor
Employees, Careers, and Job Creating Manuel London, Editor
Published by Guilford Press
Diagnosis for Organizational Change Ann Howard and Associates
Human Dilemmas in Work Organizations Abraham K. Korman and Associates
Diversity in the Workplace Susan E. Jackson and Associates
Working with Organizations and Their People Douglas W. Bray and Associates
One Montgomery Street, Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94104-4594—www.josseybass.com
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Readers should be aware that Internet websites offered as citations and/or sources for further information may have changed or disappeared between the time this was written and when it is read.
For additional copies/bulk purchases of this book in the U.S. please contact 800–274–4434.
Wiley books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Wiley directly call our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-274-4434, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3985, fax 317-572-4002, or visit www.wiley.com
Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diversity at work: the practice of inclusion / Bernardo M. Ferdman, editor, & Barbara R. Deane, associate editor.
1 online resource. – (The professional practice series)
Includes index.
Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.
ISBN 978-1-118-41782-9 (pdf) – ISBN 978-1-118-41515-3 (epub) – ISBN 978-0-470-40133-0 (cloth) 1. Diversity in the workplace. 2. Corporate culture. I. Ferdman, Bernardo M. II. Deane, Barbara.
HF5549.5.M5
658.3008–dc23
2013027688
List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits
Tables
1.1
Concepts of Inclusion
1.2
Elements of the Experience of Inclusion
1.3
Inclusive Behaviors for Everyone and for Leaders; Inclusive Organizational Policies and Practices
6.1
Behavioral Manifestations of Inclusive Leadership
9.1
A Sample of Diversity and Inclusion Items Used in PepsiCo's Organizational Health Survey from 2002 to Present
9.2
“Creating an Inclusive Culture” Items from PepsiCo's Leadership and Individual Effectiveness Model, by Level
10.1
Differences Between Traditional Entity-Based and Inclusive Relational-Based Leadership
11.1
Steps Involved in the Change Process
12.1
Three Strategies of GDM
13.1
A Three-Stage Continuum of Practices: From Corporate Philanthropy Through Corporate Social Responsibility to Value-Based Inclusion
13.2
A Framework Linking Corporate Inclusion Strategy and the Inclusive Workplace Model
14.1
Levels of Progress Toward Diversity and Inclusion Goals
14.2
Sample Benchmarks in Various Categories
15.1
Weyerhaeuser's Strategic Diversity Framework
15.2
Focus Areas for Inclusive Leaders
16.1
Four Components of Diversity and Inclusion in Universities
16.2
Alliant International University's Multicultural/International Competencies
18.1
Global Diversity Survey Matrix
19.1
Barriers to Aboriginal Contractor Engagement and Potential RTIO Solutions
19.2
Key Performance Indicators
Figures
1.1
Inclusion as a Systemic and Dynamic Process
1.2
Systems of Inclusion: A Multilevel Analytic Framework
1.3
Organizational-Level Inclusion Assessment Matrix
3.1
Exploring the Sources of Our Identity
4.1
My Social Group Affiliations Influencing This Chapter
4.2
Daisies in Relationship
4.3
Susan and Rosa
4.4
Hierarchy Model: Susan and Rosa
5.1
Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS)
7.1
The Inclusion Equation
8.1
Marriott's Holistic Culture Wheel
10.1
A Leadership Development System of Inclusion Model
10.2
A Process Model for Inclusive Leadership Development
11.1
Action Planning Template
11.2
From … To … Because: Action Planning Template
11.3
The Logic Model
11.4
The Measurement Grid
11.5
The Change Process: Toward Inclusion
12.1
A Model for Organizational Perspectives of Diversity as a Potential Strategic Issue
12.2
A Process Model of GDM
12.3
A Contextual Model of GDM
12.4
GDM Activities in Organizational Change
12.5
Shell's Global D&I
12.6
The Diversity and Inclusion House
12.7
Reality Versus Rhetoric: Diversity
12.8
Reality Versus Rhetoric: Consistency Path
14.1
GDIB Model
19.1
Aboriginal Contractor Engagement
19.2
Aboriginal Contractor Engagement: Revised Process
19.3
Benchmarking to Identify Viable Business Solutions
Exhibits
1.1
Questions to Generate and Co-Construct Descriptions of Inclusive Behavior and Inclusive Organizational Practices
3.1
Sharing Experiences of Inclusion and Success
7.1
Bendick and Egan Study Findings of Key Success Factors
7.2
Developing Inclusive Behaviors
7.3
Sample Items to Assess Inclusion
7.4
Steps in the Personal Diversity Journey
8.1
Diversity and Inclusion Best Practices
9.1
Sample Items from the 2001 Diversity and Inclusion Survey at PepsiCo
14.1
Benchmarks at 100 Percent for Category 7: Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Training and Education
From our perspective, diversity and inclusion (D&I) represent some of the core values of the fields of I-O psychology and organization development (OD). As a result, as scientist-practitioners we have a dual responsibility both to dimensionalize and research these constructs to continue to build our understanding of them, and to assist others in driving these values deep into the business and people strategies of the organizations in which we work and consult. Given the ubiquity of the war for talent, with its increasing emphasis on shifting demographics and generational differences in the workplace and on concepts such as global thinking, learning agility, and cultural dexterity, it is no wonder that D&I have become the epicenter of the talent management agenda of many prominent and forward-thinking organizations today.
That said, if D&I are indeed at the center of talent management and at the forefront of many corporate sustainability efforts, where then are the explicit linkages to the fields of I-O, OD, and human resource management (HRM)? This was the question we asked ourselves several years ago during one of our annual Professional Practice Series Editorial Board planning meetings at the annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). After years of having experienced D&I efforts at PepsiCo as being at the core of our HR agenda, we wondered why they were not more fully integrated with the fields of I-O, OD, and HR in general. As we discussed with Bernardo Ferdman (who was one of our board members at the time), there was little in the literature directly linking the different fields of practice, aside from some key early efforts such as the original volume by Susan Jackson and Associates in the early 1990s, even though many of the philosophical underpinnings and workplace practices of D&I overlap and have a shared heritage with I-O and OD efforts. Despite some more recent targeted efforts in the field to create these connections (for example, see recent focal articles in the Industrial-Organizational Psychologist: Perspectives on Science and Practice), there remains no single definitive source that effectively integrates D&I efforts with the fields of I-O, OD, and HRM. That is, until now.
This volume you hold in your hands, Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion, represents a needed comprehensive and holistic approach to bridging the gap in the literature between these different but related fields. Bernardo Ferdman and his coeditor, Barbara Deane, have moved the needle forward with this addition to the Professional Practice Series by incorporating perspectives from both academics and practitioners across multiple disciplines to focus not just on the concepts of D&I (recognizing both old and new dimensions), but also on the actual application or practice of inclusion in the workplace. In many ways it represents the next step in the combined evolution of D&I and I-O.
Starting with the introduction of new frameworks for conceptualizing inclusion (that is, going beyond diversity alone, which is a notion that some organizations continue to struggle with), we are then presented with a range of different individual and organizational perspectives or lenses on the practice of inclusion as integrated specifically with key areas of I-O as well as other related disciplines in psychology and business. Some of the topics here focus on inclusion as applied to personal identity, communication, leadership, organizational culture, human resource management, organization development, work group climate, and corporate strategy. The volume then includes a discussion of some important aspects of practice in the world of D&I, such as benchmarking D&I efforts across different organizations, future trends in the field, and insightful case studies from a variety of chief diversity officers and practitioners.
As with any effort of this magnitude, it is important to recognize all the work that has gone into the development and execution of this edition. A heartfelt thank-you to Bernardo and Barbara for delivering an excellent volume in the series. Thanks also to our editorial team (Dave W. Bracken, Michael M. Harris, Allen I. Kraut, Jennifer Martineau, Steven G. Rogelberg, John C. Scott, Carol W. Timmreck, and of course Bernardo M. Ferdman) for their original feedback on Bernardo's proposal. Thanks as well to our successor, Allen Kraut, and his editorial team (Seymour Adler, Neil R. Anderson, Neal M. Ashkanasy, C. Harry Hui, Elizabeth B. Kolmstetter, Kyle Lundby, William H. Macey, Lise M. Saari, Handan Sinangil, Nancy T. Tippins, and Michael A. West) for keeping the momentum going during their tenure with the series. Finally, thanks to Matt Davis at Jossey-Bass for helping keep the process on track, as always.
D&I is a critically important topic to organizations in general and a core value of I-O and OD in particular. In our opinion, it has not yet been given the full attention or level of integration it deserves in the I-O arena. This important volume serves to close that gap. Although it has been some years in the making, the topic is as significant and timely as it ever was, and we are very pleased to see it finally completed. We enjoyed working with Bernardo in the early formation of the book concept and outline and watching it continue to develop all the way through the various phases of the effort. In many ways it is ironic that this volume represents our last as Professional Practice Series Editors and Allen Kraut's final volume, as we all feel like we have been actively involved, invested, and engaged in the outcome. And isn't that what being inclusive is all about? Enjoy!