Cover Page

Praise for Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion

“Experts provide clear guidance on how to design and implement initiatives that will truly connect and engage diverse individuals in the workplace.”

Ann Marie Ryan, Ph.D., professor, Michigan State University and past president, SIOP

“A must read for leaders who want to understand both the academic background and practical D&I approaches to driving systemic change.”

Candi Castleberry-Singleton, Chief Inclusion and Diversity Officer, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

“Comprehensive and data informed, yet personal and practical, this is a must-read book for those interested in both the science and practice of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Perfect to jump start a discussion with the managers in your organization or for teaching a class to the managers of the future!”

Ana Mari Cauce, Ph.D., provost and professor, University of Washington

“Brilliant! The editors and contributors deliver penetrating insight into today's meaning of diversity and inclusion.”

Manny Gonzalez, CEO, National Society of Hispanic MBAs

“This book succeeds not just in combining theory with practice but also in bringing together a variety of different approaches and disciplines. The writers are the best in the field and they refresh our knowledge whilst challenging our thinking.”

Binna Kandola, Ph.D., OBE, senior partner, PearnKandola, and former chair, Division of Occupational Psychology, British Psychological Society

“This impressive volume fills an important gap in the diversity and inclusion literature by bringing together research and practice. The contributors—from both academia and practice—have the depth of experience, insight, and credibility that make this volume especially valuable for both audiences.”

Nancy DiTomaso, Ph.D., vice dean, Rutgers Business School; author, The American Non-Dilemma: Racial Inequality without Racism

The Professional Practice Series

The Professional Practice Series is sponsored by The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc. (SIOP). The series was launched in 1988 to provide industrial and organizational psychologists, organizational scientists and practitioners, human resources professionals, managers, executives, and those interested in organizational behavior and performance with volumes that are insightful, current, informative, and relevant to organizational practice. The volumes in the Professional Practice Series are guided by five tenets designed to enhance future organizational practice:

  1. Focus on practice, but grounded in science
  2. Translate organizational science into practice by generating guidelines, principles, and lessons learned that can shape and guide practice
  3. Showcase the application of industrial and organizational psychology to solve problems
  4. Document and demonstrate best industrial and organizational- based practices
  5. Stimulate research needed to guide future organizational practice

The volumes seek to inform those interested in practice with guidance, insights, and advice on how to apply the concepts, findings, methods, and tools derived from industrial and orga­nizational psychology to solve human-related organizational problems.

Previous Professional Practice Series volumes include:

Published by Jossey-Bass

  1. Developing and Enhancing Teamwork in Organizations: Evidence-Based Best Practices and Guidelines
    Eduardo Salas, Scott I. Tannenbaum, Debra J. Cohen, Gary Latham, Editors
  2. Managing Human Resources for Environmental Sustainability
    Susan E. Jackson, Deniz S. Ones, Stephan Dilchert, Editors
  3. Technology-Enhanced Assessment of Talent
    Nancy T. Tippins, Seymour Adler, Editors
  4. Advancing Executive Coaching: Setting the Course for Successful Leadership Coaching
    Gina Hernez-Broom, Lisa A. Boyce, Editors
  5. Going Global: Practical Applications and Recommendations for HR and OD Professionals in the Global Workplace
    Kyle Lundby with Jeffrey Jolton
  6. Strategy-Driven Talent Management: A Leadership Imperative
    Rob Silzer, Ben E. Dowell, Editors
  7. Performance Management: Putting Research into Practice
    James W. Smither, Manuel London, Editors
  8. Alternative Validation Strategies: Developing New and Leveraging Existing Validity Evidence
    S. Morton McPhail, Editor
  9. Getting Action from Organizational Surveys: New Concepts, Technologies, and Applications
    Allen I. Kraut, Editor
  10. Customer Service Delivery
    Lawrence Fogli, Editor
  11. Employment Discrimination Litigation
    Frank J. Landy, Editor
  12. The Brave New World of eHR
    Hal G. Gueutal, Dianna L. Stone, Editors
  13. Improving Learning Transfer in Organizations
    Elwood F. Holton III, Timothy T. Baldwin, Editors
  14. Resizing the Organization
    Kenneth P. De Meuse, Mitchell Lee Marks, Editors
  15. Implementing Organizational Interventions
    Jerry W. Hedge, Elaine D. Pulakos, Editors
  16. Organization Development
    Janine Waclawski, Allan H. Church, Editors
  17. Creating, Implementing, and Managing Effective Training and Development
    Kurt Kraiger, Editor
  18. The 21st Century Executive: Innovative Practices for Building Leadership at the Top
    Rob Silzer, Editor
  19. Managng Selection in Changing Organizations
    Jerard F. Kehoe, Editor
  20. Emlving Practices in Human Resource Management
    Allen I. Kraut, Abraham K. Korman, Editors
  21. Individual Psychological Assessment: Predicting Behavior in Organizational Settings
    Richard Jeanneret, Rob Silzer, Editors
  22. Performance Appraisal
    James W. Smither, Editor
  23. Organizational Surveys
    Allen I. Kraut, Editor
  24. Employees, Careers, and Job Creating
    Manuel London, Editor

Published by Guilford Press

  1. Diagnosis for Organizational Change
    Ann Howard and Associates
  2. Human Dilemmas in Work Organizations
    Abraham K. Korman and Associates
  3. Diversity in the Workplace
    Susan E. Jackson and Associates
  4. Working with Organizations and Their People
    Douglas W. Bray and Associates

The Professional Practice Series

SERIES EDITORS

Allan H. Church

PepsiCo Inc.

Janine Waclawski

Pepsi-Cola North America

EDITORIAL BOARD

Dave W. Bracken

Kenexa

Bernardo M. Ferdman

Alliant International University

Michael M. Harris

University of Missouri, St. Louis

Allen I. Kraut

Baruch College

Jennifer Martineau

Center for Creative Leadership

Steven G. Rogelberg

University of North Carolina, Charlotte

John C. Scott

Applied Psychological Techniques, Inc.

Carol W. Timmreck

The Timmreck Group

Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion

Bernardo M. Ferdman, Editor

Barbara R. Deane, Associate Editor

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List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits

Tables

1.1Concepts of Inclusion
1.2Elements of the Experience of Inclusion
1.3Inclusive Behaviors for Everyone and for Leaders; Inclusive Organizational Policies and Practices
6.1Behavioral Manifestations of Inclusive Leadership
9.1A Sample of Diversity and Inclusion Items Used in PepsiCo's Organizational Health Survey from 2002 to Present
9.2“Creating an Inclusive Culture” Items from PepsiCo's Leadership and Individual Effectiveness Model, by Level
10.1Differences Between Traditional Entity-Based and Inclusive Relational-Based Leadership
11.1Steps Involved in the Change Process
12.1Three Strategies of GDM
13.1A Three-Stage Continuum of Practices: From Corporate Philanthropy Through Corporate Social Responsibility to Value-Based Inclusion
13.2A Framework Linking Corporate Inclusion Strategy and the Inclusive Workplace Model
14.1Levels of Progress Toward Diversity and Inclusion Goals
14.2Sample Benchmarks in Various Categories
15.1Weyerhaeuser's Strategic Diversity Framework
15.2Focus Areas for Inclusive Leaders
16.1Four Components of Diversity and Inclusion in Universities
16.2Alliant International University's Multicultural/International Competencies
18.1Global Diversity Survey Matrix
19.1Barriers to Aboriginal Contractor Engagement and Potential RTIO Solutions
19.2  Key Performance Indicators

Figures

1.1Inclusion as a Systemic and Dynamic Process
1.2Systems of Inclusion: A Multilevel Analytic Framework
1.3Organizational-Level Inclusion Assessment Matrix
3.1Exploring the Sources of Our Identity
4.1My Social Group Affiliations Influencing This Chapter
4.2Daisies in Relationship
4.3Susan and Rosa
4.4Hierarchy Model: Susan and Rosa
5.1Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS)
7.1The Inclusion Equation
8.1Marriott's Holistic Culture Wheel
10.1A Leadership Development System of Inclusion Model
10.2A Process Model for Inclusive Leadership Development
11.1Action Planning Template
11.2From … To … Because: Action Planning Template
11.3The Logic Model
11.4The Measurement Grid
11.5The Change Process: Toward Inclusion
12.1A Model for Organizational Perspectives of Diversity as a Potential Strategic Issue
12.2A Process Model of GDM
12.3A Contextual Model of GDM
12.4GDM Activities in Organizational Change
12.5Shell's Global D&I
12.6The Diversity and Inclusion House
12.7Reality Versus Rhetoric: Diversity
12.8Reality Versus Rhetoric: Consistency Path
14.1GDIB Model
19.1Aboriginal Contractor Engagement
19.2Aboriginal Contractor Engagement: Revised Process
19.3  Benchmarking to Identify Viable Business Solutions

Exhibits

1.1Questions to Generate and Co-Construct Descriptions of Inclusive Behavior and Inclusive Organizational Practices
3.1Sharing Experiences of Inclusion and Success
7.1Bendick and Egan Study Findings of Key Success Factors
7.2Developing Inclusive Behaviors
7.3Sample Items to Assess Inclusion
7.4Steps in the Personal Diversity Journey
8.1Diversity and Inclusion Best Practices
9.1Sample Items from the 2001 Diversity and Inclusion Survey at PepsiCo
14.1Benchmarks at 100 Percent for Category 7: Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Training and Education
16.1  Diversity-Related Student Learning Outcomes in Alliant's Clinical Ph.D. Program, Fresno Campus

Foreword

From our perspective, diversity and inclusion (D&I) represent some of the core values of the fields of I-O psychology and organization development (OD). As a result, as scientist-practitioners we have a dual responsibility both to dimensionalize and research these constructs to continue to build our understanding of them, and to assist others in driving these values deep into the business and people strategies of the organizations in which we work and consult. Given the ubiquity of the war for talent, with its increasing emphasis on shifting demographics and generational differences in the workplace and on concepts such as global thinking, learning agility, and cultural dexterity, it is no wonder that D&I have become the epicenter of the talent management agenda of many prominent and forward-thinking organizations today.

That said, if D&I are indeed at the center of talent management and at the forefront of many corporate sustainability efforts, where then are the explicit linkages to the fields of I-O, OD, and human resource management (HRM)? This was the question we asked ourselves several years ago during one of our annual Professional Practice Series Editorial Board planning meetings at the annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). After years of having experienced D&I efforts at PepsiCo as being at the core of our HR agenda, we wondered why they were not more fully integrated with the fields of I-O, OD, and HR in general. As we discussed with Bernardo Ferdman (who was one of our board members at the time), there was little in the literature directly linking the different fields of practice, aside from some key early efforts such as the original volume by Susan Jackson and Associates in the early 1990s, even though many of the philosophical underpinnings and workplace practices of D&I overlap and have a shared heritage with I-O and OD efforts. Despite some more recent targeted efforts in the field to create these connections (for example, see recent focal articles in the Industrial-Organizational Psychologist: Perspectives on Science and Practice), there remains no single definitive source that effectively integrates D&I efforts with the fields of I-O, OD, and HRM. That is, until now.

This volume you hold in your hands, Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion, represents a needed comprehensive and holistic approach to bridging the gap in the literature between these different but related fields. Bernardo Ferdman and his coeditor, Barbara Deane, have moved the needle forward with this addition to the Professional Practice Series by incorporating perspectives from both academics and practitioners across multiple disciplines to focus not just on the concepts of D&I (recognizing both old and new dimensions), but also on the actual application or practice of inclusion in the workplace. In many ways it represents the next step in the combined evolution of D&I and I-O.

Starting with the introduction of new frameworks for conceptualizing inclusion (that is, going beyond diversity alone, which is a notion that some organizations continue to struggle with), we are then presented with a range of different individual and organizational perspectives or lenses on the practice of inclusion as integrated specifically with key areas of I-O as well as other related disciplines in psychology and business. Some of the topics here focus on inclusion as applied to personal identity, communication, leadership, organizational culture, human resource management, organization development, work group climate, and corporate strategy. The volume then includes a discussion of some important aspects of practice in the world of D&I, such as benchmarking D&I efforts across different organizations, future trends in the field, and insightful case studies from a variety of chief diversity officers and practitioners.

As with any effort of this magnitude, it is important to recognize all the work that has gone into the development and execution of this edition. A heartfelt thank-you to Bernardo and Barbara for delivering an excellent volume in the series. Thanks also to our editorial team (Dave W. Bracken, Michael M. Harris, Allen I. Kraut, Jennifer Martineau, Steven G. Rogelberg, John C. Scott, Carol W. Timmreck, and of course Bernardo M. Ferdman) for their original feedback on Bernardo's proposal. Thanks as well to our successor, Allen Kraut, and his editorial team (Seymour Adler, Neil R. Anderson, Neal M. Ashkanasy, C. Harry Hui, Elizabeth B. Kolmstetter, Kyle Lundby, William H. Macey, Lise M. Saari, Handan Sinangil, Nancy T. Tippins, and Michael A. West) for keeping the momentum going during their tenure with the series. Finally, thanks to Matt Davis at Jossey-Bass for helping keep the process on track, as always.

D&I is a critically important topic to organizations in general and a core value of I-O and OD in particular. In our opinion, it has not yet been given the full attention or level of integration it deserves in the I-O arena. This important volume serves to close that gap. Although it has been some years in the making, the topic is as significant and timely as it ever was, and we are very pleased to see it finally completed. We enjoyed working with Bernardo in the early formation of the book concept and outline and watching it continue to develop all the way through the various phases of the effort. In many ways it is ironic that this volume represents our last as Professional Practice Series Editors and Allen Kraut's final volume, as we all feel like we have been actively involved, invested, and engaged in the outcome. And isn't that what being inclusive is all about? Enjoy!

ALLAN H. CHURCH

JANINE WACLAWSKI

Original series editors for this volume

September 2013