Cover Page

STEVENS INSTITUTE SERIES ON COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND ENTERPRISES

 

William B. Rouse, Series Editor

 

WILLIAM B. ROUSE

Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises

 

ELISABETH PATE-CORNELL, WILLIAM B. ROUSE, AND CHARLES M. VEST

Perspectives on Complex Global Challenges: Education, Energy, Healthcare, Security, and Resilience

 

WILLIAM B. ROUSE

Universities as Complex Enterprises: How Academia Works, Why It Works These Ways, and Where the University Enterprise Is Headed

Perspectives on Complex Global Challenges

Education, Energy, Healthcare, Security and Resilience

 

Edited By

 

Elisabeth Paté-Cornell

Stanford University,
California, US

 

William B. Rouse

Stevens Institute of Technology,
Hoboken, NJ, US

 

Charles M. Vest

 

 

 

Wiley Logo

Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for:

ISBN: 9781118984093

TO CHARLES M. VEST

FRIEND, MENTOR, AND INSPIRATION

To his colleagues, his friends, and especially the faculty and students of MIT, of which he was the President from 1990 to 2004, Charles Vest was the ultimate role model. His intellect, his kindness, and his fairness have changed the professional and the personal lives of many around him. His death, in 2013, has been an immense loss, first to his family, and also to the world of academia, to the National Academy of Engineering that he led from 2007 to 2013, and to both of us, Elisabeth Paté-Cornell and Bill Rouse, who had been working with him on this book. The three of us had the vision of gathering the thoughts of a few of the luminaries among our friends who could help us think through some of the most difficult problems that we are facing, and that our children will most likely face as well.

We wanted to pursue this effort to completion, acknowledging Chuck's collaboration with us and hoping that by doing so, we can honor his memory. So we dedicate this book to Charles Vest, and also to his family, and especially to his wife Becky with our respect and our affection.

Contributors

  1. Norman R. Augustine served as CEO of Lockheed Martin Corporation from 1995 to 1997, following having been CEO of the Martin Marietta Corporation from 1987 to 1995. He served as Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. He has been Chairman of the American Red Cross and Chairman of the Defense Science Board and is a former member of the faculty of Princeton University. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and former Chairman of the National Academy of Engineering.
  2. Lawrence S. Bacow served as Chancellor of MIT from 1998 to 2001, as the President of Tufts from 2001 to 2011, as a trustee of Wheaton College from 1998 to 2008, and since 2011 has been a member of the Harvard Corporation, the senior governing body of Harvard University.
  3. Craig R. Barrett served as CEO of Intel from 1998 to 2005, as well as Chairman until 2009. He is a member and former Chairman of the National Academy of Engineering. He currently serves as President and Chairman of BASIS School Inc., a charter school group.
  4. Michael Batty is Bartlett Professor of Planning at University College London where he is Chair of the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA). Before his current position, he was Professor of City Planning and Dean at the University of Wales at Cardiff and then Director of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He is a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) and the Royal Society (FRS), was awarded the CBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2004, and the 2013 recipient of the Lauréat Prix International de Géographie Vautrin Lud.
  5. Denis A. Cortese is Foundation Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics and Director, Healthcare Delivery and Policy Program at Arizona State University. He is also Emeritus President and Chief Executive Officer, Mayo Clinic and a member and former chair of the National Academy of Medicine Roundtable on Value and Science-Driven Healthcare, as well as the Healthcare Leadership Council.
  6. John Deutch is Emeritus Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he has served as Chairman of the Department of Chemistry, Dean of Science, and Provost. He is chair of the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board, and a member of the National Petroleum Council and the Hamilton Project. He served as Director of Central Intelligence from May 1995 to December 1996. From 1994 to 1995, he served as Deputy Secretary of Defense and served as Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology from 1993 to 1994. He has also served as Director of Energy Research (1977–1979), Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Technology (1979), and Undersecretary (1979–80) in the United States Department of Energy.
  7. Jacques S. Gansler is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy and he also is the Glenn L. Martin Institute Fellow of Engineering at the University of Maryland, School of Engineering. In addition, he is the founder and CEO of The ARGIS Group (Analytical Research for Government and Industry Solutions) and independent research and consulting firm. He served as Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics from 1997 to 2001. He was Executive Vice President and Corporate Director for TASC from 1977 to 1997. He served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Materiel Acquisition) from 1972 to 1977. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
  8. Linda Darling-Hammond is Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education and founding Director of the Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education (SCOPE) at Stanford University. She was the founding Director of the National Commission for Teaching and America's Future, and served as chair of President Obama's education policy transition team in 2008.
  9. Siegfried S. Hecker is Professor (Research) in the department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Stanford University Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) of which he was a co-director from 2007 to 2012. He was Director of Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1986 to 1997, a Los Alamos senior fellow until 2000 and co-recipient of the 2009 Enrico Fermi Award. He visited several times the Yongbyon nuclear facility in North Korea and reported its state of advancement to the US Congress in 2010. He is a member and a past councilor of the National Academy of Engineering.
  10. Michael M.E. Johns is currently Professor of Medicine and Public Health at Emory University, where he served as Chancellor from 2007 until 2012, before which he served as Executive Vice President for Health Affairs, CEO of The Robert W. Woodruff Health Sciences Center, and Chairman of the Board of Emory Healthcare. From 1990 to 1996, Dr Johns was Dean of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Vice President of the Medical Faculty. He is a Member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and served as a member of the NAM Council.
  11. Henry A. Kissinger is a German-born American statesman and political scientist. He served as National Security Advisor from 1969 to 1975 and as Secretary of State from 1973 to 1977 in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, pioneering the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrating the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, and negotiating the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War. He is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
  12. Michael E. Leiter was the Director of the US National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), having served in the Bush Administration and been retained in the Obama Administration. Before joining NCTC, Leiter served as the Deputy Chief of Staff for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and as the Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Director of the President's Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction. He was with the Department of Justice as an Assistant US Attorney from 2002 to 2005.
  13. Herbert Lin is Chief Scientist at the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council of the National Academies. Before his NRC service, he was a professional staff member and staff scientist for the House Armed Services Committee from 1986 to 1990, where his portfolio included defense policy and arms control issues.
  14. Elizabeth A. McGlynn is Director of Kaiser Permanente's Center for Effectiveness and Safety Research (CESR), a virtual center designed to improve the health and well-being of Kaiser's more than ten million members and the public by conducting comparative effectiveness and safety research and implementing findings in policy and practice. Dr McGlynn is an internationally known expert on methods for evaluating the appropriateness, quality, and efficiency of healthcare delivery and has led major initiatives to evaluate health reform options under consideration at the federal and state levels. She chairs the Scientific Advisory Group for the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. McGlynn is a member of the National Academy of Medicine.
  15. Richard A. Meserve is the President Emeritus of the Carnegie Institution for Science and Senior Of Counsel with Covington & Burling, LLP. He previously served as Chairman of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. He is the Chairman of IAEA's International Nuclear Safety Group and Co-Chairman of DOE's Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee. He is a member and councilor of the National Academy of Engineering.
  16. Lloyd B. Minor is the Carl and Elizabeth Naumann Dean of Stanford University School of Medicine and a Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. He is also a Professor of Bioengineering and of Neurobiology, by courtesy, at Stanford University. He was previously the Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs at The Johns Hopkins University and, before that, Andelot Professor and Director (chair) of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Otolaryngologist-in-Chief of The Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine.
  17. Michal C. Moore is Professor of Energy Economics and Senior Fellow at the School for Public Policy at the University of Calgary and is a visiting Professor of Economics and Systems Engineering at Cornell University. He is a former regulator of the energy industry in California.
  18. Elisabeth Paté-Cornell is the Burt and Deedee McMurtry Professor of Engineering at Stanford University in the department of Management Science and Engineering, which she chaired from its creation in 2000–2011. She is a past President of the Society for Risk Analysis. She served as a member of the President's (Foreign) Intelligence Advisory Board from 2001 to 2008. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and of several boards including InQtel, Draper Laboratory, and Aerospace Corporation.
  19. William J. Perry is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Michael and Barbara Berberian Professor at Stanford University, with a joint appointment in the School of Engineering and the Institute for International Studies. He served as the Secretary of Defense from 1994 to 1997, Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1993 to 1994, and Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering from 1977 to 1981. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
  20. Richard Reed is Senior Vice President, Disaster Cycle Services, at the American Red Cross. In addition to his current role, Richard most recently served on special assignment to the White House as Deputy Ebola Response Coordinator to support the coordination, management and leadership of the US Government response to the Ebola epidemic. Before assuming his role at the Red Cross, Reed served in the Obama and Bush administrations as Deputy Assistant to the President for Homeland Security, Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Resilience Policy, and Special Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Director of Continuity. He has held positions in the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the General Services Administration.
  21. William B. Rouse is the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Chair of Economics in Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology, and Director of the university-wide Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises. He is also Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
  22. Richard Schmalensee is the John C. Head III Dean, Emeritus, and the Howard W. Johnson Professor of Management and Economics, Emeritus, at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He served on the President's Council of Economic Advisors and currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Resources for the Future.
  23. George P. Shultz is a distinguished fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He served as Secretary of State from 1982 to 1989, Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 to 1974, Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1970 to 1972 and Secretary of Labor from 1969 to 1970. Before entering politics, he was Professor of Economics at MIT and the University of Chicago, serving as Dean of the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business from 1962 to 1969.
  24. Brent Scowcroft is a retired US Air Force Lieutenant General. He was the US National Security Advisor under US Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush. He also served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in the Nixon and Ford administrations. He served as Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005.
  25. Robert K. Smoldt is Associate Director, Healthcare Delivery and Policy Program, Arizona State University and Emeritus Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer, Mayo Clinic. He has been active in the Medical Group Management Association and serves on the Board of Trustees of Catholic Health Initiatives.
  26. William W. Stead is Chief Strategy Officer at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and McKesson Foundation Professor of Biomedical Informatics/Medicine at Vanderbilt University. He serves on the Council of the National Academy of Medicine, the Division Committee on Engineering and Physical Sciences of the National Academies and the Health and Human Services National Committee for Vital and Health Statistics.
  27. Deborah J. Stipek is the Judy Koch Professor of Education at Stanford University. She was Dean of the Graduate School of Education from 2001 to 2011. She was a Professor at the Graduate School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, from 1977 to 2000, a Congressional Science Fellow from 1983 to 1984 and is a member of the National Academy of Education.
  28. Theo Toonen is Professor in Institutional Governance and Dean of the Faculty of Behavioral, Management, and Social Science (BMS) at Twente University since April 2015. He is former Dean of the Faculty of Technology, Policy, Management (TPM) at Delft University of Technology (2008–2015) and former Dean of the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science at Leiden University (2003–2008). He has held various advisory positions to the government and also has been a member of the independent Dutch Advisory Board on Water (AcW) under the Chairmanship of his Royal Highness Crown Prince William of Orange (2003–2012).
  29. Richard H. Truly is a retired Navy vice admiral and former NASA astronaut, flying the Space Shuttles Enterprise, Columbia, and Challenger. He served as the eighth NASA Administrator, the first commander of Naval Space Command, and as Director of the Georgia Tech Research Institute and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
  30. Charles M. Vest was President Emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and President Emeritus of the National Academy of Engineering. A mechanical engineer, he previously was Dean of Engineering and Provost at the University of Michigan, and was a trustee of several universities and nonprofit organizations devoted to education, research, and national security.
  31. Alexandros Washburn is Professor of Design and Director of the CRUXlab at the Stevens Institute of Technology. He is a practicing architect who has served in all levels of government, most recently as Chief Urban Designer under Mayor Michael Bloomberg of New York City. He is the author of The Nature of Urban Design: A New York Perspective on Resilience.