Cover
Title Page
Preface
List of Illustrations
1. Glossary
List of Maps
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
1. REFERENCES
PART I: Invention, Design, and Construction
1. CHAPTER 1: Landscape and Setting
  1. Approaches
  2. Physical Geography
  3. Climate and Microclimate
  4. Ground Cover and Zoning
  5. From Relief to Landscape
  6. Agriculture, Gardens, and Groves
  7. Mineral Resources
  8. Ancient Responses: Affective, Artistic, and Architectural
  9. FURTHER READING
  10. REFERENCES
2. CHAPTER 2: Early Greek Temples
  1. From the House of Rulers to the House of the Gods
  2. The Emergence of the Greek Temple: Protogeometric Cult Buildings
  3. The Birth of the Panhellenic Sanctuaries and the Development of the Temples
  4. Altars, Cult Bases, Votives, and Dining Facilities
  5. The Early Use of the Peristyle
  6. The Peristyle in the Early Archaic period
  7. The Temple of Apollo at Soros
  8. Temples as Hestiatoria
  9. FURTHER READING
  10. REFERENCES
3. CHAPTER 3: Monumentality and Foreign Influence in Early Greek Temples
  1. Monumental Scale
  2. Peristyle
  3. Stone Construction
  4. Tile Roofs
  5. Architectural Orders
  6. Moldings
  7. Foreign Influence: Egypt and the Near East
  8. FURTHER READING
  9. REFERENCES
4. CHAPTER 4: Origins and Design of Terracotta Roofs in the Seventh Century BCE
  1. Introduction
  2. The First Terracotta Roof Systems
  3. Tile Manufacture and Technical Innovation
  4. Conclusions
  5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  6. FURTHER READING
  7. REFERENCES
5. CHAPTER 5: The Greek East
  1. The Major Works
  2. The Kroisos Temple
  3. The Tunnel of Eupalinos
  4. Intercultural Context
  5. FURTHER READING
  6. REFERENCES
6. CHAPTER 6: The Greek West
  1. Introduction
  2. The Geometric and Orientalizing Periods
  3. The Early and Middle Archaic Periods
  4. The Late Archaic Period
  5. The Early Classical Period
  6. The High Classical Period
  7. The Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods
  8. FURTHER READING
  9. REFERENCES
7. CHAPTER 7: The Use of Geometry by Ancient Greek Architects
  1. Geometry in Greece
  2. Practical Applications in Greek Architectural Design
  3. Tools and Drawings
  4. Examples of Geometry in Use
  5. Vitruvius’ Use of the Greek Tradition of Applied Geometry
  6. FURTHER READING
  7. REFERENCES
8. CHAPTER 8: How Buildings Were Constructed
  1. Literary Sources and Building Inscriptions
  2. Monumental Building Practices
  3. Construction Materials
  4. Quarrying and Transportation of Building Materials
  5. Site Preparation and Foundations
  6. Wall Construction
  7. The Arch
  8. Architectural Design
  9. Refinements
  10. FURTHER READING
  11. REFERENCES
PART II: Temples and Sanctuaries
1. CHAPTER 9: “Internationalism” in Architecture
  1. History and Topography of Olympia
  2. Architecture at Olympia
  3. Foundation I: The Treasury of Sikyon
  4. Foundation II: The Treasury of Syracuse
  5. Foundation IV: The Treasury of Epidamnos
  6. Foundation IX: The Treasury of Selinous
  7. Foundation X: The Treasury of Metapontum
  8. Foundation XI: The Treasury of Megara
  9. Foundation XII: The Treasury of Gela
  10. Unattributed Architectural Elements
  11. Philippeion
  12. Internationalism at Olympia
  13. FURTHER READING
  14. REFERENCES
2. CHAPTER 10: Prestige in Greek Sanctuaries
  1. Introduction
  2. Prestige: The Story So Far
  3. The Structure Itself
  4. The Space around the Structure
  5. The Experience of the Structure Over Time
  6. Conclusions
  7. FURTHER READING
  8. REFERENCES
3. CHAPTER 11: The Periclean Acropolis
  1. The Persian War and the Acropolis
  2. Ruins as Monuments: The Acropolis North Wall
  3. The Propylaia and the Temple of Athena Polias
  4. The Mycenaean Era and the Periclean Acropolis
  5. The Archaic Tradition of Procession
  6. Non‐Processional Uses of the Ionic Order
  7. Ionic as Direct Address to the City
  8. The Monumental Effect of the Periclean Acropolis
  9. FURTHER READING
  10. REFERENCES
4. CHAPTER 12: Color and Carving
  1. Color
  2. Relief Sculpture
  3. Sculpture in the Round
  4. The Parthenon
  5. FURTHER READING
  6. REFERENCES
5. CHAPTER 13: Attic Sanctuaries
  1. Geography and Politico‐Spatial Organization
  2. Panathenian Sanctuaries
  3. Deme Sanctuaries
  4. Conclusions
  5. FURTHER READING
  6. REFERENCES
6. CHAPTER 14: Inscribing Construction
  1. Introduction
  2. Building by Committee
  3. Syngraphai
  4. Works in Progress
  5. Accounting
  6. Inscriptions: Paper, Chisel, and Stone
  7. FURTHER READING
  8. REFERENCES
7. CHAPTER 15: The Interiors of Greek Temples
  1. Light in the Interiors
  2. Organization of Space
  3. The Articulation and Placement of Interior Columns
  4. Interior Stairs, Attics, and Basements
  5. Cult Images
  6. Reflecting Pools
  7. Paintings and Votive Statues
  8. Furnishings
  9. Dedicated Vessels, Money, and Gold
  10. Temples as Museums
  11. Security
  12. Rituals inside Temples
  13. Visitors
  14. FURTHER READING
  15. REFERENCES
8. CHAPTER 16: Scale, Architects, and Architectural Theory
  1. Scale Representation, Vision, and Architects
  2. Construction Phases of the Didymaion
  3. Theory, Nature, and Architecture
  4. Metrology and Modularity in the Didymaion
  5. Scale and Planning
  6. Architects and Theory
  7. FURTHER READING
  8. REFERENCES
PART III: Civic Space
1. CHAPTER 17: Urban Planning and Infrastructure
  1. Urban Planning
  2. Stoas
  3. Roads and Streets
  4. Water Supply and Fountains
  5. FURTHER READING
  6. REFERENCES
2. CHAPTER 18: Protection and Trade
  1. Early Greek Walled Cities
  2. Circuits and Masonry Techniques in the Archaic Period
  3. Transition in Design of Circuits in the Classical Period
  4. The Late Classical Period on the Greek Mainland
  5. Hellenistic Fortifications
  6. Harbors
  7. Ship Sheds
  8. FURTHER READING
  9. REFERENCES
3. CHAPTER 19: The Architecture of Greek Houses
  1. Construction and Materials
  2. Houses and the Urban Environment
  3. The Planning and Layout of the Greek House
  4. Developments in the Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods
  5. FURTHER READING
  6. REFERENCES
4. CHAPTER 20: Hellenistic Royal Palaces
  1. Basileia
  2. The Palace at Vergina
  3. The Palace at Pella
  4. Alexander’s Mobile Palace: the “Tent of One Hundred Couches”
  5. The Palace at Alexandria
  6. The Ptolemaic River Boat Palace
  7. The Palace at Demetrias
  8. The Palace at Pergamon
  9. FURTHER READING
  10. REFERENCES
5. CHAPTER 21: The Greek Agora
  1. Origins
  2. City Planning and Urban Design
  3. Stoas
  4. Fountains and Water
  5. Civic Life and Politics
  6. Commerce
  7. Cult, Religion, and Festivals
  8. Athletic Competition
  9. Military Activity
  10. Memorial Display and Public Honors
  11. Conclusions
  12. FURTHER READING
  13. REFERENCES
6. CHAPTER 22: Athletics
  1. Introduction
  2. Footraces: Dromos and Stadion
  3. Training and Wrestling: Gymnasia and Palaistrai
  4. Equestrian Events: the Hippodrome
  5. Conclusions
  6. FURTHER READING
  7. REFERENCES
7. CHAPTER 23: Greek Baths
  1. Introduction
  2. History of the Study of Greek Baths
  3. Early Greek Baths
  4. Western Greek Baths
  5. Greek Baths in Egypt
  6. Later Hellenistic Baths in Greece
  7. FURTHER READING
  8. REFERENCES
8. CHAPTER 24: Bouleuteria and Odeia
  1. Bouleuteria
  2. Odeia
  3. Two Athenian Odeia
  4. Enigmatic Buildings
  5. Setting
  6. Seating Capacity
  7. Roofing
  8. Summary
  9. Further Research
  10. Compendium
  11. Appendix: Recently Excavated and/or Published Bouleuteria/Odeia
  12. FURTHER READING
  13. REFERENCES
9. CHAPTER 25: The Greek Theater
  1. Form: Space, Plan, and Design
  2. Function: Use and Purpose
  3. Economy, Geometry, and Multiplicity: Moving beyond Dramatic Performance
  4. FURTHER READING
  5. REFERENCES
10. CHAPTER 26: Commemorating the Dead
  1. Grave Markers
  2. Tombs and Tomb Paintings
  3. FURTHER READING
  4. REFERENCES
PART IV: Reception
1. CHAPTER 27: The Spread of Greek Architecture
  1. Pre‐Hekatomnid Caria
  2. Pre‐Hekatomnid Labraunda
  3. Hekatomnid Caria
  4. The Hekatomnid Sanctuary at Labraunda
  5. Andron B
  6. North Stoa
  7. Temple
  8. Andron A
  9. Oikoi
  10. South and East Propyla
  11. Doric Building, “Magazine Building,” and East Stoa
  12. Architectural Significance and Impact
  13. FURTHER READING
  14. REFERENCES
2. CHAPTER 28: Pergamon and Pergamene Influence
  1. Pergamon and Its Phases of Construction
  2. The Pergamene Aesthetics of Space
  3. The Royal District
  4. The Great Altar
  5. Pergamene Architecture outside Pergamon
  6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  7. FURTHER READING
  8. REFERENCES
3. CHAPTER 29: New Directions in Hellenistic Sanctuaries
  1. The Offset Axis: The Sanctuary of Athena Lindia, Rhodes
  2. The Bent Axis: The Sanctuary of Asklepios at Kos
  3. The Intentionally Circuitous: The Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace
  4. Smaller‐Scale Urban and Suburban Precincts: Priene, Megalopolis, and Pergamon
  5. Hellenistic Interventions in the Old Sanctuaries: Stoas and Votive Monuments
  6. Hellenistic Directions in Sacred Architectural Sculpture
  7. Responses to the Larger Hellenistic World: The Sanctuaries of Foreign Gods and Sanctuaries in Foreign lands
  8. Conclusions
  9. FURTHER READING
  10. REFERENCES
4. CHAPTER 30: Three Seaside Wonders
  1. Seven Sights or Seven Wonders?
  2. The Mausoleum of Halikarnassos (circa 350 BCE)
  3. The Colossus of Rhodes
  4. The Lighthouse of Alexandria
  5. A Wonderful Afterlife
  6. FURTHER READING
  7. REFERENCES
5. CHAPTER 31: From Hellenistic to Roman Architecture
  1. Chronology
  2. Geography and Culture
  3. Materials and Techniques
  4. Architectural Type and Style
  5. Patronage and Purpose
  6. Theory and Meaning
  7. FURTHER READING
  8. REFERENCES
6. CHAPTER 32: Hellenistic Architecture in Italy: Consuetudo Italica
  1. The Late Republic
  2. The Power Culture of Senatorial Patronage
  3. Public Patronage in Rome
  4. Patronage: Centralized and Dispersed, Senatorial and Municipal
  5. Architect and Builder
  6. The Etrusco‐Italic Tradition
  7. New Models from Greece
  8. The Discipline of the Greek Orders: The Hellenized Late Republican Temple
  9. The Discipline of the Greek Orders: The Articulated Wall
  10. The Ordering of Large Spaces: Basilica and Porticus
  11. From Hellenistic to Roman
  12. FURTHER READING
  13. REFERENCES
7. CHAPTER 33: French Architectural Thought and the Idea of Greece
  1. Eighteenth‐ and Nineteenth‐Century French Views on Greek Architecture
  2. The Rustic Hut
  3. Evidence from Greek Buildings
  4. From Travel to Archaeology
  5. The Autonomy of Greece
  6. Visual Experience of Form
  7. Polychromy
  8. Motion in Architecture
  9. Conclusions
  10. FURTHER READING
  11. REFERENCES
8. CHAPTER 34: The Reception of Greek Architecture in Eighteenth‐Century Britain
  1. Introduction
  2. Setting the Scene: Hagley Hall
  3. The Neoclassical Mood
  4. Antiquarianism and National Identity
  5. Appropriating Ancient Greece
  6. The Birth of the Greek Revival
  7. FURTHER READING
  8. REFERENCES
9. CHAPTER 35: Ancient Ruins and Their Preservation
  1. Memory and its Preservation: Past and Present
  2. Greece and the Preservation of Its Historical Remains
  3. From an Empirical Approach to an Ideological One
  4. The Ideology behind Modern Anastylosis
  5. A Case Study: the East Porch of the Parthenon
  6. Background to Decisions Governing the Restoration of the East Porch
  7. Procedural and Historical Concerns
  8. Preservation of Historical Evidence
  9. Historical Inconsistency
  10. Which Historical Phase to Restore?
  11. A New Approach to the Pronaos Restoration
  12. Epilogue
  13. FURTHER READING
  14. REFERENCES
Glossary
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Map-1
1. Map 0.1 Greece and the Aegan.
2. Map 0.2 Southern Italy and Sicily.
3. Map 0.3 Map of Italy.
4. Map 0.4 Map of the Mediterranean.
Chapter 02
1. Figure 2.1 Eretria, first half of the eighth century BCE, plan.
2. Figure 2.2 Kalapodi, South temples. Architectural phases of South temples.
3. Figure 2.3 Aerial view of the temple at Kythnos. The “adyton” in the middle. [North at the top] (photo K. Xenikakis, 2014).
4. Figure 2.4 Eretria, second half of the eighth century BCE, plan.
5. Figure 2.5 Nikoleika, temple, reconstruction.
6. Figure 2.6 Soros, Sanctuary of Apollo, topographical plan.
Chapter 03
1. Figure 3.1 Archaic Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia, restoration shown at southwest corner. Broneer 1971: 41, fig. 54.
2. Figure 3.2 Temple of Demeter and Kore at Sangri, Naxos.
3. Figure 3.3 Old Tholos at Delphi, reconstruction.
4. Figure 3.4 Silhouettes of moldings, clockwise from top left: half‐round above a fillet, hawksbeak, cavetto with crowning fascia, ovolo.
Chapter 04
1. Figure 4.1 “Roof 1,” Olympia, schematic reconstruction. (The width of the roof is unknown but was probably greater than the eight tiles rendered here.)
2. Figure 4.2 Proto‐Corinthian roof, Corinth, schematic reconstruction. (Black‐painted tiles have been omitted. The original width of the roof was greater than eight tiles.)
3. Figure 4.3 Aphaia Sanctuary, Aigina, Early Argive roof, schematic reconstruction. (The checkered pattern of red and black tiles is hypothetical, as are the hatched areas. The original width of the roof was greater than eight tiles.)
4. Figure 4.4 Heraion at Olympia, Laconian roof, schematic reconstruction. (The restoration of hatched areas is uncertain. The original roof was about eight times wider than shown here, almost 19 m across the façade.)
5. Figure 4.5 Mon Repos, Corfu, Northwest Greek roof, schematic reconstructions. (The restoration of hatched areas is uncertain. The original width of the roof was greater than 13 tiles.)
6. Figure 4.6 Band anathyrosis: on the rabbeted shelves of Protocorinthian tiles (left), and on the joint face of the architrave from the Temple of Artemis, Corfu (right). On the tile, the raised lip runs along the free edge of the cover (left: FP 329, Corinth Museum, view of underside.)
Chapter 05
1. Figure 5.1 Archaic Temple of Artemis (“Kroisos Temple”) at Sardis, restored ground plan showing alternative reconstructions of adyton and opisthodomos in the east.
2. Figure 5.2 Sanctuary of Apollo, Didyma, Hellenistic–Roman period, restored ground plan including columns planned but never erected.
3. Figure 5.3 Sanctuary of Apollo, Didyma, view from northeast.
4. Figure 5.4 Sanctuary of Apollo, Didyma, view of frontal stairway ascending to stylobate, featuring panel‐strips as found in the masonry of earlier Ionian temples as well as Lydian buildings.
5. Figure 5.5 Tunnel of Eupalinos, Samos, showing tunnel in section, plan, and theoretical ideal plan with a detail of this ideal plan’s convergence, according to Kienast.
6. Figure 5.6 Tunnel of Eupalinos, Samos, proposed multistage process of excavation, with dotted lines indicating the north–south positions of the tunnel heads before the final maneuver toward convergence in stage 4.
Chapter 06
1. Figure 6.1 Syracuse, Apollonion.
2. Figure 6.2 Selinous, Temple C, pedimental gorgoneion, after Gàbrici 1935.
3. Figure 6.3 Paestum, Temple of Athena.
4. Figure 6.4 Paestum, So‐called Temple of Poseidon.
5. Figure 6.5 Akragas, Temple of Concord.
Chapter 07
1. Figure 7.1 Thorikos, Doric capital from the double Stoa, reused in the Athenian Agora, with partial guidelines for flutes preserved on bottom surface. Drawn by Argyris Petronotis. Courtesy American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
2. Figure 7.2 Temple of Athena, Pompeii, diagram of design process. Drawing by Rocco Leonardis.
3. Figure 7.3 Temple of Concord, Akragas, diagram of design process. Drawing by Rocco Leonardis.
4. Figure 7.4 Unfinished Temple, Segesta, diagram of design process. Drawing by Rocco Leonardis.
5. Figure 7.5 The Parthenon, diagram of design process. Drawing by Rocco Leonardis.
6. Figure 7.6 Temple of Apollo, Bassai, diagram of design process. Drawing by Rocco Leonardis.
Chapter 08
1. Figure 8.1 Ashlar wall construction.
2. Figure 8.2 Temple of Aphaia II, Aigina, view of interior.
3. Figure 8.3 The Parthenon, section through interior, cella wall, and colonnade.
4. Figure 8.4 Stoa of Eumenes, Athens, view of arched buttresses.
5. Figure 8.5 The Doric temple.
6. Figure 8.6 The Ionic temple.
7. Figure 8.7 Horizontal and vertical curvature in Doric architecture.
Chapter 09
1. Map 9.1 Map of cities with a treasury at Olympia.
2. Figure 9.1 Treasury terrace, Olympia, plan.
3. Figure 9.2 Treasury of Sikyon, Olympia.
4. Figure 9.3 Treasury of Megara, Olympia, corner geison and sima.
5. Figure 9.4 Treasury of Gela, Olympia, reconstruction of horizontal and raking simas.
6. Figure 9.5 Treasury of Gela, Olympia, geison.
Chapter 10
1. Figure 10.1 General plan of sanctuary areas at Delphi.
2. Figure 10.2 Model of Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, with labels added.
3. Figure 10.3 Reconstruction of the Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, by A. Tournaire (circa 1890).
Chapter 11
1. Figure 11.1 Acropolis of Athens, view of north wall, with reused blocks from the Older Parthenon and Temple of Athena Polias.
2. Figure 11.2 Acropolis, detail of north wall, with reused blocks from the Temple of Athena Polias.
3. Figure 11.3 Athenian Acropolis, reconstruction. American School of Classical Studies, Archives in the Blegen Library, Gorham P. Stevens.
4. Figure 11.4 Athenian Acropolis, plan. American School of Classical Studies, Archives in the Blegen Library, Gorham P. Stevens.
5. Figure 11.5 The Erechtheion, with Caryatid Porch overlapping the foundations of the old Temple of Athena Polis.
6. Figure 11.6 The Propylaia, east façade.
7. Figure 11.7 The Parthenon, east front.
Chapter 12
1. Figure 12.1 Erechtheion, watercolor depicting inlaid colored glass on columns capitals.
2. Figure 12.2 Representation of akroteria on a Greek building. Fragment of a Gnathian calyx‐krater from Taranto, ca. 350 BC. Würzburg, Martin van Wagner Museum H4696.
3. Figure 12.3 Ionic capital from Athenian Agora. Restoration by Piet de Jong. Courtesy of the American School of Classical Studies, Athens.
4. Figure 12.4 Temple of Aphaia, Aigina, painted version of the pedimental archer.
5. Figure 12.5 Temple of Hera at Mon Repos, Corfu, terracotta water spouts.
6. Figure 12.6 Temple of Athena Nike, Athens, reconstruction of the roof akroteria.
7. Figure 12.7 Parthenon, Helios driving his chariot (East Metope 14), drawing.
Chapter 13
1. Map 13.1 Map of Attica, with demes discussed in this article indicated.
2. Figure 13.1 Eleusis, view of the Telesterion.
3. Figure 13.2 Eleusis, state plan of the Telesterion and surrounding area.
4. Figure 13.3 Sounion, view of the Temple of Poseidon.
5. Figure 13.4 Brauron, plan of the sanctuary.
6. Figure 13.5 Rhamnous, plan of the Sanctuary of Themis and Nemesis.
7. Figure 13.6 Ikaria, plan of the site.
Chapter 14
1. Figure 14.1 Temple of Athena Nike (IG I³ 35). Courtesy of The Center for Epigraphical and Palaeographical Studies, Ohio State University, Donald Laing collection.
Chapter 15
1. Figure 15.1 Temple of Concord, Akragas, windows in stairwell.
2. Figure 15.2 Propylaia, window in Pinakotheke.
3. Figure 15.3 Temple of Artemis, Magnesia‐on‐the‐Maeander, blocks of pediment with epiphany windows.
4. Figure 15.4 Athens, Hephaisteion, interior reconstruction, drawn by Rocco Leonardis.
5. Figure 15.5 Temple of Apollo at Cape Zoster, view of interior.
Chapter 16
1. Figure 16.1 Restored ground plans of Ionian temples with “Vitruvian Man” as theoretical embodiment of modular, reduced‐scale design. (a) Comparison of temples by Pytheos (Temple of Athena Polias, Priene, Late Classical, around 340 BCE) and Hermogenes (Artemision, Magnesia‐on‐the‐Maeander, Hellenistic, around 220 BCE). (b) Temple of Dionysos, Teos, by Hermogenes, Hellenistic, third century BCE. (c) “Vitruvian Man.”
2. Figure 16.2 Theorem 1 of Euclid’s Phenomena, around 300 BCE. Above: Schematic reconstruction of the dioptra with axes of vision of theoros projected through sighting tube in horizontal mode (left) and vertical mode (right). Below: Resulting geocentric diagram with shared axes of vision along setting point of Capricorn (A), rising points of Leo (B) and Cancer (C), earthbound viewer (D), and setting point of Aquarius (E).
3. Figure 16.3 Sanctuary of Apollo, Didyma eastward view of the adyton from the naiskos.
4. Figure 16.4 Sanctuary of Apollo, Didyma, working drawing for generating entasis. (a) Restored according to L. Haselberger. (b) Shown with underpinning of 3 : 4 : 5 Pythagorean triangle ABC. (c) Shown with modular underpinning, wherein the maximum height of the curve (g) above the line of diminution (h) expresses the module by which the upper column radius and height of the column are measurements of 18 and 24 modules. (d) Shown with modular underpinning established by d65–d62a as the dimension of the maximum curvature of entasis, and d65–d61a as 4/3 of that measurement, establishing the unit by which the divisions of the elevation are established: base = 5, shaft = 18, d61a–d65 = 1.
5. Figure 16.5 Temple of Athena Polias, Priene, northward view of stepped platform along west flank with visible curvature.
Chapter 17
1. Figure 17.1 Plans of stoas at uniform scale: (a) Royal Stoa (Athens); (b) Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios (Athens); (c) Stoa of Philip II (Megalopolis); (d) Stoa of Attalos II (Athens); (e) South Stoa (Corinth).
2. Figure 17.2 Plans of Fountains at uniform scale: (a) Southeast Fountain House (Athens); (b) Southwest Fountain House (Athens); (c) Peirene Fountain (Corinth); (d) fountain house (Perachora).
Chapter 18
1. Figure 18.1 Section of double face wall, elevation of wall with stone socle and mudbrick upper.
2. Figure 18.2 Agger or terrace wall, section view.
3. Figure 18.3 Polygonal masonry, Athenian Kerameikos.
4. Figure 18.4 West Gate with polygonal masonry, Eretria.
5. Figure 18.5 Curvilinear polygonal masonry from temple retaining wall, Delphi.
6. Figure 18.6 Chisel face finish on ashlar string course, Larisa.
7. Figure 18.7 Chain wall masonry, Aigosthena.
8. Figure 18.8 Curtain wall, Messene.
9. Figure 18.9 Curtain wall with towers, Gypthokastro.
10. Figure 18.10 View of walls, Aigosthena.
11. Figure 18.11 View of walls and tower, Herakleia‐by‐Latmos.
12. Figure 18.12 Ship shed, Naxos, plan.
13. Figure 18.13 Ship shed, Naxos, reconstruction drawing.
Chapter 19
1. Figure 19.1 Orraon, andron, House A, stone construction and window.
2. Figure 19.2 Orraon, House A.
3. Figure 19.3 Tile standard, Athenian Agora. Courtesy of The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.
4. Figure 19.4 House of Mikion and Menon, Athens, plan. Courtesy of The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.
5. Figure 19.5 Olynthos, House of Many Colors, plan with distribution of finds.
6. Figure 19.6 Houses C and D, Residential and Industrial District, Athens, plans. Courtesy of The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.
7. Figure 19.7 House of the Doric Capital, Morgantina, plan.
8. Figure 19.8 House A vi.3, Olynthos.
Chapter 20
1. Figure 20.1 Palace at Vergina, plan.
2. Figure 20.2 Palace at Pella, plan.
3. Figure 20.3 Palace at Demetrias, plan.
4. Figure 20.4 Detail of mosaic floor with parakeet from the so‐called Altar Room in Pergamon Palace V (Antikensammlung der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin inv. Mos. 71).
Chapter 21
1. Figure 21.1 Athenian Agora, Roman period, second century CE. Courtesy The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.
2. Figure 21.2 Athenian Agora, Classical period, circa 400 BCE. Courtesy The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.
3. Figure 21.3 Athenian Agora, model, Classical period, circa 400 BCE. Courtesy The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.
4. Figure 21.4 Athenian Agora, artist’s view by Peter Connolly, fifth century BCE.
5. Figure 21.5 Stoa Poikile, reconstruction by W.B. Dinsmoor, Jr. Courtesy The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.
Chapter 22
1. Figure 22.1 Curved starting line, Corinth, circa 500 BCE.
2. Figure 22.2 Stadium with reconstructed embankments, Olympia, circa 450 BCE.
3. Figure 22.3 Acropolis with theater–stadium complex, Pergamon, circa second century BCE.
4. Figure 22.4 View of gymnasium, Delphi, fourth century BCE, with Roman additions.
5. Figure 22.5 Palaistra, Olympia, second century BCE.
6. Figure 22.6 Mt. Lykaion, plan of location of stadium, hippodrome, and associated building in mountain meadow, fourth century BCE.
Chapter 23
1. Figure 23.1 North Baths, Morgantina, plan.
2. Figure 23.2 North Baths, Morgantina, view from east to room 9 and tholos (5); room 9 immersion pool at right, with opening in west wall of pool that resulted when metal testudo was removed in antiquity; opening filled with ancient debris.
3. Figure 23.3 North Baths, Morgantina, elevation of north end of room 9, with Doric column supporting entablature with mixed Doric and Ionic frieze over the immersion pool.
4. Figure 23.4 Baths, Taposiris Magna, plan.
5. Figure 23.5 Baths, Sanctuary of Asklepios, Gortys. plan.
Chapter 24
1. Figure 24.1 Odeion, Troy.
2. Figure 24.2 Bouleuterion, Miletus.
3. Figure 24.3 Bouleuterion, Panionion.
4. Figure 24.4 Odeion of Agrippa, Athens (a) ground plan, first phase (Augustan, late first century BCE); (b) cross‐section, first phase (Augustan, late first century BCE), looking east.
5. Figure 24.5 Odeion of Herodes Atticus, Athens, circa 160 CE.
6. Figure 24.6 Odeion, Aphrodisias.
7. Figure 24.7 Gerontikon (Bouleuterion), Nysa.
8. Figure 24.8 Ekklesiasterion (Bouleuterion), Priene.
Chapter 25
1. Figure 25.1 Model of a Greek Hellenistic theater, based on the theater at Epidauros, fourth century BCE, with parts labeled.
2. Figure 25.2 Theater, Pergamon, view.
3. Figure 25.3 Theater of Dionysos, Athens, drawing and reconstruction of first phase with rectilinear orchestra and cavea (a–b), drawing of first phase with circular orchestra and cavea (c).
4. Figure 25.4 Theater, Epidauros, view.
5. Figure 25.5 Theatral area, Thorikos, plan. A‐A. early retaining wall; B, C, and D. later retaining walls; E and F. banquet rooms or changing areas; G. Temple of Dionysos; H. altar.
6. Figure 25.6 Theatral area, Rhamnous, view of theatral area from cavea, looking south toward prohedria and orchestra.
7. Figure 25.7 Priene, drawing of theater in late second century BCE. .
Chapter 26
1. Figure 26.1 Kallithea Monument, third quarter of the fourth century BCE, Piraeus Museum.
2. Figure 26.2 Lion of Chaeroneia on modern pedestal, after 316 BCE.
3. Figure 26.3 Inscribed Ionic capital from column placed on the tomb of Archilochos on Paros. The capital dates from the sixth century, the inscription from the fourth BCE. Paros Museum.
4. Figure 26.4 Funerary stele of Tertia Horaria from Rheneia, Mykonos Museum. Second century BCE.
5. Figure 26.5 Statue of Nereid from the Nereid Monument of Xanthos. Early fourth century BCE. London, British Museum.
6. Figure 26.6 Vaulted crypt under the chamber tomb of Charmylos, Kos, third century BCE.
Chapter 27
1. Figure 27.1 Sanctuary of Zeus, Labraunda, hypothetical restored view in the late fourth century BCE. 1. South Propylon; 2. Doric Building; 3. East Propylon; 4. Magazine Building; 5. East Stoa; 6. Andron B; 7. Temple of Zeus; 8. North Stoa; 9. Oikoi; 10. Andron A; 11. Terrace Building; 12. Spring House; 13. Rock‐cut Sanctuary; 14. Built Tomb.
2. Figure 27.2 Sanctuary of Zeus, Labraunda, hypothetical restored view in the late fourth century BCE.
3. Figure 27.3 Andron B at Labraunda, restored elevation, drawn by Thomas Thieme.
4. Figure 27.4 Architectural blocks, Andron B, Labraunda, view.
5. Figure 27.5 Architrave block, Andron B, Labraunda.
Chapter 28
1. Figure 28.1 Stoa of Attalos II, Athenian Agora.
2. Figure 28.2 Western side of acropolis, Pergamon, viewed from the Asklepeion.
3. Figure 28.3a Pergamon, plan.
4. Figure 28.3b Pergamon, plan of citadel.
5. Figure 28.4 Acropolis, Pergamon, reconstruction, after second century CE.
6. Figure 28.5 Great Altar of Pergamon, second century BCE.
7. Figure 28.6 Attalid pillar monument, Athenian Acropolis, reconstruction, late third–early second century BCE.
Chapter 29
1. Figure 29.1 Sanctuary of Athena Lindia, Rhodes. View of stair leading to acropolis.
2. Figure 29.2 Sanctuary of Athena Lindia, Rhodes. View of temple.
3. Figure 29.3 Sanctuary of Asklepios, Kos, restored bird’s‐eye view.
4. Figure 29.4 Sanctuary of the Great Gods, Samothrace, restored plan. 1, 2, 3. Unidentified late Hellenistic buildings. 4. Unfinished early Hellenistic building. 5. Byzantine Fort. 6. Milesian Banquet Hall. 7, 8, 10. Dining rooms. 9. Faux Bronze Age niche. 11. Stoa. 12. Nike Monument. 13. Theater. 14. Altar Court. 15. Hieron. 16. Hall of Votive Gifts. 17. Hall of Choral Dancers. 18. Sacred Way. 19. Sacred Rock. 20. Rotunda of Arsinoe II. 21. Orthostate structure. 22. Sacristy. 23. Anaktoron. 24. Dedication of Philip III and Alexander IV. 25. Theatral Circle. 26. Propylon of Ptolemy II. 27. Southern Necropolis. 28. Doric Rotunda. 29. Neorion. 30. Stepped retaining wall. 31. Ionic Porch. 32. Hestiatorion.
5. Figure 29.5 Rotunda of Arsinoe II, exterior gallery parapet decorated with boukrania, rosette, and sash, the last perhaps connected specifically to the cult of the Samothracian mysteries.
6. Figure 29.6 Sanctuary of Demeter, Pergamon, plan.
7. Figure 29.7 Delos, view over houses toward the Sanctuary of Apollo, with the Stoa of Philip V and South Stoa framing a processional way at center right.
Chapter 30
1. Figure 30.1 Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, inner foundations, Bodrum, Turkey.
2. Figure 30.2 Nereid Monument, Xanthos, reconstruction in the British Museum.
3. Figure 30.3 Portrait of a Carian man (Maussollos?), Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, British Museum.
4. Figure 30.4 Antonio Tempesta, The Colossus of Rhodes. Etching from Septem Orbis Amiranda, 1608. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Department of Prints and Drawings, Los Angeles County Fund (65.37.290).
5. Figure 30.5 Roman Mosaic of the Pharos Lighthouse, Alexandria. Qasr Libya Museum, Libya.
Chapter 31
1. Figure 31.1 Temple of Artemis Leukophyrene, Magnesia‐on‐the‐Maeander, plan.
2. Figure 31.2 Temple of Artemis Leukophyrene, Magnesia‐on‐the‐Maeander, reconstructed drawing of front elevation.
3. Figure 31.3 Temple of Rome and Augustus, Ancyra, plan.
4. Figure 31.4 Temple of Rome and Augustus, Ancyra, restored view of exterior.
5. Figure 31.5 Imperial Temple, Pisidian Antioch, plan.
6. Figure 31.6 Imperial Temple, Pisidian Antioch, view from east, looking west.
Chapter 32
1. Figure 32.1 Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Praeneste, circa 130/110 BCE, reconstruction. Drawn by Thomas N. Howe, adapted from Boethius and Ward‐Perkins 1970: figs. 78, 142.
2. Figure 32.2 Via Cassia relief. The relief portrays what appears to be a senatorial curator (right, seated) supervising a construction project. The architect is portrayed twice, with a scroll in his hand.
3. Figure 32.3 Campus Martius, as in mid‐first century BCE, plan. 1. Theater and Porticus of Pompey; 2. Largo Argentina Temples and Porticus Minucia Vetus? (l. to r.: temples D through A); 3. Temple of the Nymphs? and Porticus Minucia Frumentaria? 4. Diribitorium; 5. Saepta Julia; 6. Theater of Balbus; 7. Temple of Neptune and Porticus Octavia; 8. Temple of Hercules Musarum and Porticus Philippi; 9. Temples of Juno Regina (u.) and Jupiter Stator (l.), and Porticus Metelli (later Octaviae); 10. Circus Flaminius; 11. Theater of Marcellus; 12. Temple of Apollo Medicus or in Campo; 13. Temple of Bellona; 14. Forum Holitorium temple and porticus; 15. Porta Triumphalis and Porta Carmentalis; 16. Temples of Fortuna and Mater Matuta, with arches of L. Stertinus; 17. Forum Boarium; 18. Temple of Portunus (prostyle temple, r.) and Temple of Hercules Olivarius (round temple, l.); 19. Ara Maxima Herculis; 20. Temple of Hercules Olivarius; 21. Toward the Porta Trigimena and Porticus Aemilia; 22. Circus Maximus; 23. Forum Romanum, NW end, with temples of Saturn and Concord and Tabularium; 24. Capitolium with Temples of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Fides and the Tensarium; 25. Arx, with Temple of Juno Moneta; 26. Via Flaminia with Porta Fontinalis, and porticus; 27. Altar of Mars; 28. Villa Publica.
4. Figure 32.4 Forum Romanum, second century BCE.
5. Figure 32.5 Temple of Portunus.
6. Figure 32.6 Tabularium, Rome, 78 BCE, reconstruction; upper story is conjectural and may have repeated the lower story.
7. Figure 32.7 Stabiae villas.
Chapter 33
1. Figure 33.1 Charles Eisen, “petite cabane rustic,” engraved by Jacques Aliamet.
2. Figure 33.2 “Dorique.”
3. Figure 33.3 Greek monuments in Athens from George Wheler, including Olympieion and Parthenon of Athens.
4. Figure 33.4 Julien‐David Le Roy, ceiling plan of the Temple of Theseus (Hephaisteion), engraved by Jean‐François de Neufforge.
5. Figure 33.5 Henri Labrouste, view of the temple of Hera I at Paestum or the Basilica.
6. Figure 33.6 Julien‐David Le Roy, perspective reconstruction of the Propylaea in Athens, engraved by Pierre Patte.
7. Figure 33.7 Charles Garnier, reconstruction of the “Temple de Jupiter Panhellenien, île d’Egine, Grèce,” lithograph by Adolphe Levie.
8. Figure 33.8 Auguste Choisy, “Le Tableau des Propylées.”
9. Figure 33.9 Auguste Choisy, comparison of Doric orders from (A) Paestum, (B) the Parthenon (C) Olympia, (D) Pergamon.
Chapter 34
1. Figure 34.1 Francois Vivares after Thomas Smith of Derby, “A View of Hagley Park, belonging to Sir Thomas Lyttelton Bart,” 1748, engraving, 38.7 × 54.9 cm. .
2. Figure 34.2 James Caldwall, “Hagley Hall,” circa late eighteenth century, etching and line, 15.8 × 23.8 cm. .
3. Figure 34.3 Giuseppe Maria Pancrazi. “Veduta del Tempio della Concordia in Agrigento come presentemente esiste ove guarda l’oriente e tramanontana | all. ill. sig. Mylord Charlemonte.”
4. Figure 34.4 Willey Reveley, “Temple Ruins at Paestum,” circa 1785, watercolor with pen and black ink over graphite, 36.8 × 52.1 cm.
Chapter 35
1. Figure 35.1 J.Ph. le Bas, “View of the Temple of Minerva in Athens,” 1758.
2. Figure 35.2 Th. du Moncel, “The Propylaia with the Frankish Tower and Athena Nike temple restored by Ross,” 1843.
3. Figure 35.3 Parthenon, Athens. Pronaos indicated in grey.
4. Figure 35.4 Pronaos before any restoration, 1930.
5. Figure 35.5 Korres’ proposal for partial restoration of Pronaos, 1989.
6. Figure 35.6a Bouras’ proposal for partial restoration of Pronaos 1994, East elevation.
7. Figure 35.6b Bouras’ proposal for partial restoration of Pronaos 1994, West elevation.
8. Figure 35.7 Implementation of Korres‐Bouras’ proposal for partial restoration of Pronaos 2004, view from southeast.
9. Figure 35.8 Implementation of Korres‐Bouras’ proposal for partial restoration of Pronaos 2004, view from northwest.
10. Figure 35.9 Pronaos of Parthenon, view from southwest.
Glossary
1. Figure G.1 The Doric Order, with parts labeled. Drawing by Rocco Leonardis.
2. Figure G.2 The Ionic Order, with parts labeled. Drawing by Rocco Leonardis.
3. Figure G.3 Temple E at Selinous, plan, with parts labeled.

BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD

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ANCIENT HISTORY

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