Print ISBN: 978-1-444-33810-2 (Also available in a variety of electronic formats)
Bart, H., Pilz, S. (eds.)
Industrial Scale Natural Products Extraction
2011
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-32504-7 (Also available in a variety of electronic formats)
Dayan, N., Kromidas, L. (eds.)
Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products
2011
Print ISBN: 978-0-470-48408-1 (Also available in a variety of electronic formats)
Dewick, P.M.
Medicinal Natural Products
A Biosynthetic Approach Third Edition
2009
Print ISBN: 978-0-470-74168-9 (Also available in a variety of electronic formats)
Dunford, N. (ed.)
Food and Industrial Bioproducts and Bioprocessing
2012
Print ISBN: 978-0-813-82105-4 (Also available in a variety of electronic formats)
Attokaran, M.
Natural Food Flavors and Colorants
2011
Print ISBN: 978-0-813-82110-8 (Also available in a variety of electronic formats)
Civjan, N. (ed.)
Natural Products in Chemical Biology
2012
Print ISBN: 978-1-118-10117-9 (Also available in a variety of electronic formats)
Edited by Farid Chemat and Jochen Strube
Green Extraction of Natural Products
Theory and Practice
The Editors
Prof. Dr. Farid Chemat
Universitairè d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse
INRA, UMR 408, Green Extraction Center
33 rue Louis Pasteur
84000 Avignon
France
Prof. Dr. Jochen Strube
TU Claustal
Institute for Separation & Process Technology
Leibnizstraße 15
38678 Claustal-Zellerfeld
Germany
All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No.: applied for
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33653-1
ePDF ISBN: 978-3-527-67679-8
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-67681-1
Mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-67680-4
oBook ISBN: 978-3-527-67682-8
Cover Design Adam-Design, Weinheim, Germany
Printing and Binding Markono Print Media Pte Ltd., Singapore
Preface
Green extraction of natural products is a new concept that meets the challenges of the twenty-first century, protecting both environment and consumers and, at the same time, enhancing competitiveness of industries by becoming more ecologic, economic, and innovative and thereby sustainable. It is based on the discovery and designs of extraction processes which reduce energy consumption, allow use of alternative solvents and renewable natural products, and ensure a safe and high quality extract and final product. Within the green extraction approach, the concept of a “green extract” is introduced. This is an extract obtained by following processes that have the lowest possible impact on the environment (less energy and solvent consumption, etc.), and whose eventual recycling is planned for from the beginning (coproducts, biodegradability, etc.). This green extract should be the result of a whole chain of values in both senses of the term: economic and responsible, starting from production and harvesting of the plant, the transformation processes – not only solid–liquid extraction but also separation and purification – together with formulation and marketing.
This book is an attempt to advance practical objectives of “green extraction of natural products.” The book has been made possible due to the collaboration between “Dechema ProcessNet – Germany” and “France Eco Extraction” associations but also because of the critical mass of international research and industrial teams who have contributed to establish a series of methodological and technological tools in the field of extraction of natural products to prevent and reduce petroleum solvents, fossil energy, and chemical wastes and hazards in extraction as a process including preparation of starting materials, drying, grinding, solid–liquid extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, separation, purification, formulation, until final packaging. Part of the contents are based on the significant amounts of materials accumulated from a Dechema training course on phytochemical process development and production held several times over the past years at the TU Clausthal with lecturers from industry and academia, some of who have contributed to this book.
This book attempts to summarize current knowledge on green extraction of natural products in terms of innovative processes, methods, alternative solvents, and product safety. It provides necessary theoretical background and details about green extraction with regard to techniques, mechanisms, protocols, industrial applications, safety precautions, and environmental impacts. This book is targeted at industry professionals as well as academicians engaged in separation and extraction engineering or natural product chemistry research, and graduate-level students. Each chapter would be complementary to other chapters and based on presentations by the reputed international researchers and professionals, addressing the latest efforts in the field.
We are convinced that this book will make a useful contribution toward the collection of accumulated knowledge in one place, and is the starting point for future collaborations in this new area of “green extraction of natural products” between research, industry, and education, covering a wide range of relevant applications: perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel, and fine chemicals industries.
January 2015
Farid Chemat
Avignon University, INRA, France Jochen Strube
Clausthal University of Technology, Germany
List of Contributors
Karim Allaf
University of La Rochelle
CNRS
Transfer Phenomena and Instantaneity in Agro-Industry and Building
Laboratory of Engineering Science for Environment (LaSIE FRE 3474)
La Rochelle, Cedex 01
France
Tamara Allaf
ABCAR-DIC Process
BP12053
17010 La Rochelle, Cedex 01
France
Antoine Bily
ORTESA
LabCom Naturex-Avignon University
Avignon, Cedex 9
France
and
Naturex
rue Pierre Bayle
BP 81218
Avignon, Cedex 9
France
Simon Both
Clausthal University of Technology
Institute for Separation and Process Technology
Leibnizstraße 15
Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Germany
Farid Chemat
Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse
INRA, UMR 408
GREEN Extraction Team
Avignon
France
and
ORTESA
LabCom Naturex-Avignon University
Avignon, Cedex 9
France
Giancarlo Cravatto
Università di Torino
Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco
Torino
Italy
Reinhard Ditz
Clausthal University of Technology
Institute for Separation and Process Technology
Leibnizstraße 15
Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Germany
Anne-Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier
Avignon University
INRA
UMR408
GREEN Team Extraction
Rue Louis Pasteur 33
Avignon, Cedex 1
France
and
ORTESA
LabCom Naturex-Avignon University
Avignon, Cedex 1
France
Hansjoerg Hagels
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG
LPS Germany
Department of SCM and Engineering
Phyto Center
Binger Straße 173/ HPZ 6425-EG-00
Ingelheim am Rhein
Germany
Urban Jenelten
Firmenich S.A.
Route des Jeunes
Genève 8
Switzerland
Iraj Koudous
Clausthal University of Technology
Institute for Separation and Process Technology
Leibnizstraße 15
Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Germany
Werner Kunz
University of Regensburg
Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Universitätsstraße 31
Regensburg
Germany
Alexei A. Lapkin
University of Cambridge
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
New Museum Site
Cambridge CB2 3RA
UK
Nikolai Lebovka
Université de Technologie de Compiègne
Groupe Technologies Agro-Industriels
EA 4297
Département Génie des Procédés
BP 20529
Compiègne, Cedex
France
and
NAS of Ukraine
Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko
42, Boulevard Vernadskogo
Kyiv
Ukraine
Carlos A. Ledesma-Escobar
University of Córdoba
Department of Analytical Chemistry
Annex Marie Curie Building
Campus of Rabanales
Córdoba
Spain
and
University of Córdoba Agroalimentary Excellence Campus ceiA3
University of Córdoba
Reina Sofía University Hospital
Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)
Córdoba
Spain
and
Technological Institute of Veracruz
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department
Av Miguel Angel de Quevedo 2779
Veracruz Ver. 91897
México
María D. Luque de Castro
University of Córdoba
Department of Analytical Chemistry
Annex Marie Curie Building
Campus of Rabanales
Córdoba
Spain
and
University of Córdoba Agroalimentary Excellence Campus ceiA3
Reina Sofía University Hospital
Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)