Cover
Title Page
Notes on Contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter One: Détente’s Limits
1. Détente
2. The Rapprochement with China
3. Japan and Vietnam
4. Differentiating Détente’s Meaning
5. Détente and the Third World
6. Beyond the United States: Détente from the Soviet World
7. Domestic Politics, Human Rights, and the New Conservatives
8. Conclusion
9. References
10. Further Reading
Chapter Two: Beyond Narcissism
1. Working Through and Beyond Narcissism: Grand Interpretations of the 1970s
2. Popular Culture and the Second Wave
3. Lost Illusions and Post-Consensus Audiences: Disco, Movies, TV, and Popular Music
4. Conclusion: Chasing the Transnational 1970s
5. References
6. Further Reading
Chapter Three: Gerald Ford
1. Ford: A Pre-Presidential Biography
2. From Childhood to Congress
3. Lawmaker and Vice President
4. Watergate and the Transition
5. References
6. Further Reading
Chapter Four: From Plains to Atlanta, 1924–1974
1. Presidential Libraries and Archives
2. Carter Family Writings
3. Biographies
4. Georgia Histories
5. Specific Topics
6. References
7. Further Reading
Chapter Five: The Presidency and the Pardon
1. Watergate: A Brief Narrative
2. Watergate: A Brief Historiographical Overview
3. The Pardon
4. Reaction
5. Was There a Deal?
6. Agreement Regarding Documents of the Nixon Administration
7. Historical Judgment on the Pardon
8. References
9. Further Reading
Chapter Six: Gerald R. Ford’s Domestic Policy
1. Economic Policy
2. Energy Policy
3. Rebuilding Relations and “Cleaning Up Messes”
4. Domestic Policy Legacy
5. References
6. Further Reading
Chapter Seven: US Intelligence Agencies during the Ford Years
1. The CIA and the Pre-Ford Years
2. Ford and the Early CIA Scandals
3. The Church Committee
4. The Pike Committee
5. An Era of Reform?
6. References
7. Further Reading
Chapter Eight: Détente’s Disintegration, Neoconservatism, and the Ford Presidency
1. Détente: A General Overview
2. A Philosophy Against Détente
3. Demise from Without: “Scoop” Jackson
4. Demise from Within
5. Team B: An Enduring Debate
6. Committees and Think Tanks
7. Concluding Remarks: A Question of Influence
8. References
9. Further Reading
Chapter Nine: Ford and the Armed Forces
1. Actors
2. Crises
3. Policy
4. Civil–Military Relations
5. Armed Forces
6. References
7. Further Reading
Chapter Ten: Gerald R. FordThe Press, Popular Culture, and Politics
1. Ford Confronts Confusion, Skepticism, and Malaise
2. (Not) Escaping Nixon’s Shadow
3. Bumbling and Stumbling
4. The Press and the Presidential Election
5. Conclusion: The President, the Press, and Politics
6. References
7. Further Reading
Chapter Eleven: Ford and Ford
1. Accidental First Lady
2. Supporting Literature
3. White House Hostess
4. Cancer
5. Advocacy and Controversy
6. Campaign ’76
7. References
8. Further Reading
Chapter Twelve: Just a Caretaker?
1. How Ford Came to Office
2. The Historical Context
3. The Caretaker Label Emerges
4. Caretaker or Just Weak President?
5. Accolades
6. Conclusion
7. References
8. Further Reading
Chapter Thirteen: Politics and the Public Mood in 1976
1. General Mood
2. Watergate
3. Vietnam
4. Political Movements
5. The Women’s Movement
6. The Ford Administration
7. The 1976 Campaign
8. Autobiography
9. References
10. Further Reading
Chapter Fourteen: Jimmy Carter’s 1976 Presidential Campaign
1. Initial Snapshot
2. The Professionals
3. Insiders
4. References
5. Further Reading
Chapter Fifteen: The Transition
1. An Ambitious Pre-election Effort
2. Post-Election Squabbles
3. A Cabinet First
4. Organizing for National Security Policymaking
5. The Incoming and Outgoing Teams Meet
6. Finally, a White House Staff
7. Political and Congressional Problems
8. The Transition and Early Policy Consequences
9. Conclusion
10. References
11. Further Reading
Chapter Sixteen: Carter, the Soviet Union, Détente, and SALT II
1. SALT II-Oriented Studies
2. Scholarly Surveys
3. Détente-Oriented Studies
4. Conclusion
5. References
6. Further Reading
Chapter Seventeen: Trilateralism
1. Historiography
2. The Diplomacy of the Nixon–Ford Era
3. Establishment of the Trilateral Commission
4. Jimmy Carter and Trilateralism
5. The 1976 Presidential Campaign
6. Trilateralism and the Carter Presidency
7. Nuclear Non-Proliferation
8. The Locomotive Strategy
9. The Neutron Bomb Controversy
10. Further Research
11. References
12. Further Reading
Chapter Eighteen: From East–West to North–South
1. The Nixon Years
2. The Ford Years
3. Andrew Young’s Contributions in 1976
4. Jimmy Carter Takes Charge
5. Latin America
6. Camp David Accords
7. Andrew Young and Africa
8. China and Southeast Asia
9. India and Pakistan
10. Suggestions for Future Research
11. References
12. Further Reading
Chapter Nineteen: Carter’s Domestic Dilemmas, 1977–1978
1. 1977–1978: A Narrative of Failure and Success
2. Carter the Progressive
3. Things for Which We Cannot Blame Carter
4. What Carter Did Wrong
5. Carter’s Potential and the Return of Recession
6. The Developing Liberal Critique
7. References
8. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty: Mrs. President?
1. The Partnership
2. Housewife, Mother, and Hostess
3. Advisor
4. Surrogate
5. Criticism and Praise
6. Legacy as First Lady
7. References
8. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-One: President Carter and the Press
1. Introduction to White House/Press Relations
2. White House/Press Relations during the Carter Years
3. Assessing the Carter Administration
4. Lessons from the Carter Presidency
5. References
6. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Two: Jimmy Carter, Congress, and the Supreme Court
1. What Makes a Successful Chief Executive?
2. Carter’s Domestic Agenda and Congress
3. A Growing Divide
4. The National Energy Plan
5. A Legislative Log Jam
6. Foreign Policy
7. Spring and Summer Difficulties
8. The Supreme Court: Abortion, Affirmative Action, and Freedom of Expression
9. Domestic Successes
10. China, Nicaragua, and Panama Again
11. The Challenges of 1979–1980
12. In Retrospect
13. Acknowledgement
14. References
15. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Three: 1979: Year of Crises
1. Overthrow of the Shah
2. Another Round of Oil Shocks
3. Fall of Somoza and Rise of the Sandinistas
4. The Soviet “Combat” Brigade in Cuba
5. Iran Hostage Crisis
6. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
7. Future Research
8. References
9. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Four: The Armed Forces during the Carter Years
1. Re-moralizing the Armed Services
2. Key Officials
3. Broad Overviews
4. Enter Congress and the Allies
5. Arms Control, the Panama Canal, and Congress
6. Saving SALT
7. The Hostage Rescue Mission
8. The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
9. Conclusion
10. References
11. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Five: The Center of the Carter Conundrum
1. Understanding Carter’s Foreign Policy
2. Human Rights and Foreign Policy during the Carter Years
3. Human Rights and Latin America
4. Finishing the Puzzle: Carter’s Religious Beliefs
5. References
6. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Six: The Election of 1980
1. The Political Context
2. The Economic Context
3. The Social Context
4. The International Context
5. The Campaign and Election
6. The Nomination Races
7. Conspiracies
8. The Congressional Elections
9. 1980 in Broader Perspective
10. References
11. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Seven: Get Carter
1. Early Assessments and the Post-Presidential Resurgence
2. Governance and Domestic Policies
3. Foreign Policy
4. Concluding Thoughts
5. References
6. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Eight: The Post-Presidential Years of Gerald R. Ford
1. Ford, Incorporated
2. The 1980 Republican Nomination Campaign
3. The 1980 “Dream Ticket”
4. The Ford–Carter Partnership
5. Ford and GOP Conservatives
6. References
7. Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Nine: A Presidency Lost, a Life Gained
1. The Rehabilitated President
2. Humanitarian Work
3. Promoting Democracy and Peace in Latin America and Africa
4. The North Korean Nuclear Crisis
5. The Israeli–Palestinian Debacle
6. Conclusion
7. References
8. Further Reading
Chapter Thirty: Agendas, Speakers, and Spokesmen
1. Presidential Leadership
2. Gerald Ford: Symbolic Leadership and Moral Authority
3. Jimmy Carter: Symbolic Leadership and Moral Authority
4. Ford and Carter: Organizing to Communicate
5. Vision
6. References
7. Further Reading
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 05
1. Figure 1 Ford announces the pardon of former president Richard Nixon, September 8, 1974.
Chapter 11
1. Figure 2 Because he had lost his voice during the presidential campaign, Mrs. Ford read her husband’s concession speech to the press on November 3, 1976. Standing behind the first lady, left to right: Steve Ford, President Ford, Susan Ford, and Mike Ford and his wife, Gayle.
Chapter 12
1. Figure 3 US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev, President Ford, and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko outside the American Embassy during the Helsinki Summit, July 30, 1975.
Chapter 18
1. Figure 4 Left to right: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, President Carter, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin sign the Camp David Accords in September 1978, one of the most significant achievements for the US president during his term in office.
Chapter 20
1. Figure 5 Rosalynn Carter chairs a meeting of the Mental Health Commission, April 20, 1977. Providing care for the mentally disabled was the most important of the first lady’s initiatives.
Chapter 22
1. Figure 6 President Carter and House Speaker Thomas “Tip” O’Neill. O’Neill felt that Carter did not do a good job of working with Congress.
Chapter 28
1. Figure 7 Caroline Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy present former President Ford with the John F. Kennedy Foundation’s Profiles in Courage Award, May 21, 2001.
Chapter 29
1. Figure 8 Carter, post-presidency: Conducting work for the Carter Center, former President Carter speaks to youth in the nation of Ghana in February 2007, asking which of them had suffered from guinea worm disease.

WILEY BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO AMERICAN HISTORY

This series provides essential and authoritative overviews of the scholarship that has shaped our present understanding of the American past. Edited by eminent historians, each volume tackles one of the major periods or themes of American history, with individual topics authored by key scholars who have spent considerable time in research on the questions and controversies that have sparked debate in their field of interest. The volumes are accessible for the non-specialist, while also engaging scholars seeking a reference to the historiography or future concerns.

WILEY BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO AMERICAN HISTORY

A Companion to the American Revolution
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Edited by John B. Boles

A Companion to American Women’s History
Edited by Nancy Hewitt

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Edited by Philip J. Deloria and Neal Salisbury

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Edited by Jean-Christophe Agnew and Roy Rosenzweig

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Edited by Marilyn Young and Robert Buzzanco

A Companion to Colonial America
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Edited by Stephen J. Whitfield

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Edited by William Deverell

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Edited by Lacy K. Ford

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