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ISBN 978-1-118-94519-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-118-94515-5 (ebk) ISBN 978-1-118-84506-3 (ebk) ISBN 978-1-118-94505-6 (obk)
Wiley GAAP 2015: Interpretation and Application provides analytical explanations, copious illustrations, and nearly 300 examples of all current generally accepted accounting principles. The book integrates principles promulgated by the FASB in its Accounting Standards Codification.TM
This edition of Wiley GAAP is organized to align fully with the structure of the FASB Codification. Each chapter now begins with a list of the Subtopics included within the Topic, major scope and scope exceptions, technical alerts of FASB Updates, and an overview of the Topic. The remainder of each chapter contains a detailed discussion of the concepts and practical examples and illustrations. This organization facilitates the primary objective of the book—to assist financial statement preparers and practitioners in resolving the myriad practical problems faced in applying GAAP.
Meaningful, realistic examples abound, guiding users in the application of GAAP to complex fact situations that must be dealt with in the real world practice of accounting. In addition to this emphasis, a major strength of the book is that it explains the theory of GAAP in sufficient detail to serve as a valuable adjunct to accounting textbooks. Much more than merely a reiteration of currently promulgated GAAP, it provides the user with the underlying conceptual bases for the rules. It facilitates the process of reasoning by analogy that is so necessary in dealing with the complicated, fast-changing world of commercial arrangements and transaction structures. It is based on the author's belief that proper application of GAAP demands an understanding of the logical underpinnings of all its technical requirements.
As a bonus, a comprehensive disclosure checklist, following the main text, offers practical guidance to preparing financial statements in accordance with GAAP. For easy reference and research, the checklist follows the order of the codification.
The following FASB Accounting Standards Updates were issued since the Wiley GAAP 2013. Their requirements are incorporated in this edition of Wiley GAAP, as and where appropriate. Information on ASU 2014-09 is included in the chapter on ASC 605.
Number | Title | Issue Date |
ASU 2014-09 | Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) | 5/28/2014 |
ASU 2014-08 | Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity | 4/11/2014 |
ASU 2014-07 | Consolidation (Topic 810): Applying Variable Interest Entities Guidance to Common Control Leasing Arrangements (a consensus of the Private Company Council) | 3/20/2014 |
ASU 2014-06 | Technical Corrections and Improvements Related to Glossary Terms | 3/14/14 |
ASU 2014-05 | Service Concession Arrangements (Topic 853) (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) | 01/23/14 |
ASU 2014-04 | Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40): Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) | 01/17/14 |
ASU 2014-03 | Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Accounting for Certain Receive-Variable, Pay-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps—Simplified Hedge Accounting Approach (a consensus of the Private Company Council) | 01/16/14 |
ASU 2014-02 | Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Accounting for Goodwill (a consensus of the Private Company Council) | 01/16/14 |
ASU 2014-01 | Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) | 01/15/14 |
ASU 2013-12 | Definition of a Public Business Entity—An Addition to the Master Glossary | 12/23/13 |
ASU 2013-11 | Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) | 07/18/13 |
ASU 2013-10 | Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) | 07/17/13 |
ASU 2013-09 | Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Deferral of the Effective Date of Certain Disclosures for Nonpublic Employee Benefit Plans in Update No. 2011-04 | 07/08/13 |
ASU 2013-08 | Financial Services—Investment Companies (Topic 946): Amendments to the Scope, Measurement, and Disclosure Requirements | 06/07/13 |
Significant accounting changes are on the horizon. In the next year, the FASB is expected to make strides on the following major projects and others:
Readers are encouraged to check the FASB website for status updates to the above and other FASB projects.
In response to the 2011 report of the Blue Ribbon Panel on Standard Setting for Private Companies, the AICPA and the FASB began separate initiatives. In July 2013, the AICPA released its Financial Reporting Framework for Small- and Medium-sized Entities. The AICPA has positioned the Framework as an alternative to U.S. GAAP and one that will provide consistent, reliable information for small- and medium-sized entities that are not required to prepare financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The FASB created the Private Company Council to address the Blue Ribbon Panel's report. The FASB issued a framework for the FASB and the PCC to use in determining whether alternatives to existing and proposed U.S. GAAP are warranted for private companies. In 2014, FASB issued three ASUs that are consensuses of the PCC. Those are listed on the table above.
The author's wish is that this book will serve preparers, practitioners, faculty, and students, as a reliable reference tool to facilitate their understanding of, and ability to apply, the complexities of the authoritative literature.
Joanne M. Flood
June 2014
Joanne M. Flood, CPA, is an author and independent consultant on accounting and auditing technical topics and e-learning. She has experience as an auditor in both an international firm and a local firm and worked as a senior manager in the AICPA's Professional Development group. She received her MBA Summa Cum Laude in Accounting from Adelphi University and her Bachelor's degree in English from Molloy College.
While in public accounting, Joanne worked on major clients in retail, manufacturing, and finance and on small business clients in construction, manufacturing, and professional services. At the AICPA, Joanne developed and wrote e-learning, text, and instructor-led training courses on US and International Standards. She also produced training materials in a wide variety of media, including print, video, and audio, and pioneered the AICPA's e-learning product line. Joanne resides on Long Island, New York with her daughter, Elizabeth. Joanne is the author of the following Wiley publications:
And the following AICPA online and live CPE programs:
Topic # and title | Subtopic # and title | |
I. | General Principles and Objectives | |
105 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles | 105-10 Overall | |
II. | Overall Financial Reporting, Presentation, and Display Matters | |
A. Overall Presentation of Financial Statements | ||
205 Presentation of Financial Statements | 205-10 Overall | |
205-20 Discontinued Operations | ||
205-30 Liquidation Basis of Accounting | ||
210 Balance Sheet | 210-10 Overall | |
210-20 Offsetting | ||
215 Statement of Shareholders' Equity | 215-10 Overall | |
220 Comprehensive Income | 220-10 Overall | |
225 Income Statement | 225-10 Overall | |
225-20 Extraordinary and Unusual Items | ||
225-30 Business Interruption Insurance | ||
230 Statement of Cash Flows | 230-10 Overall | |
235 Notes to Financial Statements | 235-10 Overall | |
B. Various Financial Reporting, Presentation, and Display Matters | ||
250 Accounting Changes and Error Corrections | 250-10 Overall | |
255 Changing Prices | 255-10 Overall | |
260 Earnings Per Share | 260-10 Overall | |
270 Interim Reporting | 270-10 Overall | |
272 Limited Liability Entities | 272-10 Overall | |
274 Personal Financial Statements | 274-10 Overall | |
275 Risks and Uncertainties | 275-10 Overall | |
280 Segment Reporting | 280-10 Overall | |
III. | Transaction-Related Topics | |
A. Financial Statement Accounts | ||
305 Cash and Cash Equivalents | 305-10 Overall | |
310 Receivables | 310-10 Overall | |
310-20 Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs | ||
310-30 Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality | ||
310-40 Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors | ||
320 Investments—Debt and Equity Securities | 320-10 Overall | |
323 Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures | 323-10 Overall | |
323-30 Partnerships, Joint Ventures, and Limited Liability Entities | ||
325 Investments—Other | 325-10 Overall | |
325-20 Cost Method Investments | ||
325-30 Investments in Insurance Contracts | ||
325-40 Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets | ||
330 Inventory | 330-10 Overall | |
340 Other Assets and Deferred Costs | 340-10 Overall | |
340-20 Capitalized Advertising Costs | ||
340-30 Insurance Contracts that Do Not Transfer Insurance Risk | ||
350 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other | 350-10 Overall | |
350-20 Goodwill | ||
350-30 General Intangibles Other Than Goodwill | ||
350-40 Internal-Use Software | ||
350-50 Web Site Development Costs | ||
360 Property, Plant, and Equipment | 360-10 Overall | |
360-20 Real Estate Sales | ||
405 Liabilities | 405-10 Overall | |
405-20 Extinguishment of Liabilities | ||
405-30 Insurance-Related Assessments | ||
405-40 Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liabilities | ||
410 Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations | 410-10 Overall | |
410-20 Asset Retirement Obligations | ||
410-30 Environmental Obligations | ||
420 Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations | 420-10 Overall | |
430 Deferred Revenue | 430-10 Overall | |
440 Commitments | 440-10 Overall | |
450 Contingencies | 450-10 Overall | |
450-20 Loss Contingencies | ||
450-30 Gain Contingencies | ||
460 Guarantees | 460-10 Overall | |
470 Debt | 470-10 Overall | |
470-20 Debt with Conversion and Other Options | ||
470-30 Participating Mortgage Loans | ||
470-40 Product Financing Arrangements | ||
470-50 Modifications and Extinguishments | ||
470-60 Troubled Debt Restructurings by Debtors | ||
480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity | 480-10 Overall | |
505 Equity | 505-10 Overall | |
505-20 Stock Dividends and Stock Splits | ||
505-30 Treasury Stock | ||
505-50 Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees | ||
505-60 Spin-offs and Reverse Spin-offs | ||
605 Revenue Recognition | 605-10 Overall | |
605-15 Products | ||
605-20 Services | ||
605-25 Multiple-Element Arrangements | ||
605-28 Milestone Method | ||
605-30 Rights to Use | ||
605-35 Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts | ||
605-40 Gains and Losses | ||
605-45 Principal–Agent Considerations | ||
605-50 Customer Payments and Incentives | ||
606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers | 606-10 Overall1 | |
610 Other Income | 610-10 Overall1 | |
705 Cost of Sales and Services | 705-10 Overall | |
705-20 Accounting for Consideration Received from a Vendor1 | ||
710 Compensation—General | 710-10 Overall | |
712 Compensation—Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits | 712-10 Overall | |
715 Compensation—Retirement Benefits | 715-10 Overall | |
715-20 Defined Benefit Plans—General | ||
715-30 Defined Benefit Plans—Pensions | ||
715-60 Defined Benefit Plans—Other Postretirement | ||
715-70 Defined Contribution Plans | ||
715-80 Multiemployer Plans | ||
718 Compensation—Stock Compensation | 718-10 Overall | |
718-20 Awards Classified as Equity | ||
718-30 Awards Classified as Liabilities | ||
718-40 Employee Stock Ownership Plans | ||
718-50 Employee Share Purchase Plans | ||
720 Other Expenses | 720-10 Overall | |
720-15 Start-Up Costs | ||
720-20 Insurance Costs | ||
720-25 Contributions Made | ||
720-30 Real and Personal Property Taxes | ||
720-35 Advertising Costs | ||
720-40 Electronic Equipment Waste Obligations | ||
720-45 Business and Technology Reengineering | ||
720-50 Fees Paid to the Federal Government by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Health Insurers | ||
730 Research and Development | 730-10 Overall | |
730-20 Research and Development Arrangements | ||
740 Income Taxes | 740-10 Overall | |
740-20 Intraperiod Tax Allocation | ||
740-30 Other Considerations or Special Areas | ||
B. Broad Transactional Categories | ||
805 Business Combinations | 805-10 Overall | |
805-20 Identifiable Assets and Liabilities, and Any Noncontrolling Interest | ||
805-30 Goodwill or Gain from Bargain Purchase, Including Consideration Transferred | ||
805-40 Reverse Acquisitions | ||
805-50 Related Issues | ||
805-740 Income Taxes | ||
808 Collaborative Arrangements | 808-10 Overall | |
810 Consolidation | 810-10 Overall | |
810-20 Control of Partnerships and Similar Entities | ||
810-30 Research and Development Arrangements | ||
815 Derivatives and Hedging | 815-10 Overall | |
815-15 Embedded Derivatives | ||
815-20 Hedging—General | ||
815-25 Fair Value Hedges | ||
815-30 Cash Flow Hedges | ||
815-35 Net Investment Hedges | ||
815-40 Contracts in Entity's Own Equity | ||
815-45 Weather Derivatives | ||
820 Fair Value Measurements | 820-10 Overall | |
825 Financial Instruments | 825-10 Overall | |
825-20 Registration Payment Arrangements | ||
830 Foreign Currency Matters | 830-10 Overall | |
830-20 Foreign Currency Transactions | ||
830-30 Translation of Financial Statements | ||
830-230 Statement of Cash Flows | ||
830-740 Income Taxes | ||
835 Interest | 835-10 Overall | |
835-20 Capitalization of Interest | ||
835-30 Imputation of Interest | ||
840 Leases | 840-10 Overall | |
840-20 Operating Leases | ||
840-30 Capital Leases | ||
840-40 Sale-Leaseback Transactions | ||
845 Nonmonetary Transactions | 845-10 Overall | |
850 Related-Party Disclosures | 850-10 Overall | |
852 Reorganizations | 852-10 Overall | |
852-20 Quasi-Reorganizations | ||
852-740 Income Taxes | ||
853 Service Concession Arrangements | 853-10 Overall | |
855 Subsequent Events | 855-10 Overall | |
860 Transfers and Servicing | 860-10 Overall | |
860-20 Sales of Financial Assets | ||
860-30 Secured Borrowings and Collateral | ||
860-40 Transfers to Qualifying Special-Purpose Entities | ||
860-50 Servicing Assets and Liabilities | ||
IV. | Industry/Unique Topics | |
905 Agriculture | 905-10 Overall | |
908 Airlines | 908-10 Overall | |
910 Contractors—Construction | 910-10 Overall | |
910-20 Contract Costs | ||
912 Contractors—Federal Government | 912-10 Overall | |
912-20 Contract Costs | ||
915 Development Stage Entities | 915-10 Overall | |
920 Entertainment—Broadcasters | 920-10 Overall | |
922 Entertainment—Cable Television | 922-10 Overall | |
924 Entertainment—Casinos | 924-10 Overall | |
926 Entertainment—Films | 926-10 Overall | |
926-20 Other Assets—Film Costs | ||
928 Entertainment—Music | 928-10 Overall | |
930 Extractive Activities—Mining | 930-10 Overall | |
932 Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas | 932-10 Overall | |
940 Financial Services—Brokers and Dealers | 940-10 Overall | |
940-20 Broker Dealer Activities | ||
942 Financial Services—Depository and Lending | 942-10 Overall | |
944 Financial Services—Insurance | 944-10 Overall | |
944-20 Insurance Activities | ||
944-30 Acquisition Costs | ||
944-40 Claim Costs and Liabilities for Future Policy Benefits | ||
944-50 Policyholder Dividends | ||
944-60 Premium Deficiency and Loss Recognition | ||
944-80 Separate Accounts | ||
946 Financial Services—Investment Companies | 946-10 Overall | |
946-20 Investment Company Activities | ||
948 Financial Services—Mortgage Banking | 948-10 Overall | |
950 Financial Services—Title Plant | ||
952 Franchisors | 952-10 Overall | |
954 Health Care Entities | 954-10 Overall | |
958 Not-for-Profit Entities | 958-10 Overall | |
958-20 Financially Interrelated Entities | ||
958-30 Split-Interest Arrangements | ||
960 Plan Accounting—Defined Benefit Pension Plans | 960-10 Overall | |
960-20 Accumulated Plan Benefits | ||
960-30 Net Assets Available for Plan Benefits | ||
960-40 Terminating Plans | ||
962 Plan Accounting—Defined Contribution Pension Plans | 962-10 Overall | |
962-40 Terminating Plans | ||
965 Plan Accounting—Health and Welfare Benefit Plans | 965-10 Overall | |
965-20 Net Assets Available for Plan Benefits | ||
965-30 Plan Benefits Obligations | ||
965-40 Terminating Plans | ||
970 Real Estate—General | 970-10 Overall | |
972 Real Estate—Common Interest Realty Associations | 972-10 Overall | |
974 Real Estate—Real Estate Investment Trusts | 974-10 Overall | |
976 Real Estate—Retail Land | 976-10 Overall | |
978 Real Estate—Time-Sharing Activities | 978-10 Overall | |
980 Regulated Operations | 980-10 Overall | |
980-20 Discontinuation of Rate-Regulated Accounting | ||
985 Software | 985-10 Overall | |
985-20 Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed | ||
995 US Steamship Entities | ||
V. | Glossary |