Table of Contents
Cover
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Introduction
Introduction
How to Use This Book
AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014
Getting Information Fast
The Mastering Series
What to Expect
Where to Get the Tutorial Files and Bonus Chapters
The Minimum System Requirements
Doing Things in Style
New Features of AutoCAD 2014
Contact the Authors
Part 1: The Basics
Chapter 1: Exploring the Interface
Taking a Guided Tour
Working with AutoCAD
The Bottom Line
Chapter 2: Creating Your First Drawing
Getting to Know the Home Tab’s Draw and Modify Panels
Starting Your First Drawing
Specifying Exact Distances with Coordinates
Interpreting the Cursor Modes and Understanding Prompts
Selecting Objects
Editing with Grips
Understanding Dynamic Input
Displaying Data in a Text Window
Displaying the Properties of an Object
Getting Help
The Bottom Line
Chapter 3: Setting Up and Using the Drafting Tools
Setting Up a Work Area
Exploring the Drawing Process
Planning and Laying Out a Drawing
Using the AutoCAD Modes as Drafting Tools
The Bottom Line
Chapter 4: Organizing Objects with Blocks and Groups
Creating and Using a Symbol
Modifying a Block
Understanding the Annotation Scale
Grouping Objects
The Bottom Line
Chapter 5: Keeping Track of Layers and Blocks
Organizing Information with Layers
Keeping Track of Blocks and Layers
The Bottom Line
Part 2: Mastering Intermediate Skills
Chapter 6: Editing and Reusing Data to Work Efficiently
Creating and Using Templates
Copying an Object Multiple Times
Developing Your Drawing
Finding an Exact Distance along a Curve
Changing the Length of Objects
Creating a New Drawing by Using Parts from Another Drawing
The Bottom Line
Chapter 7: Mastering Viewing Tools, Hatches, and External References
Assembling the Parts
Taking Control of the AutoCAD Display
Using Hatch Patterns in Your Drawings
Understanding the Boundary Hatch Options
Using External References
Editing Xrefs in Place
The Bottom Line
Chapter 8: Introducing Printing, Plotting, and Layouts
Plotting the Plan
Understanding the Plotter Settings
WYSIWYG Plotting Using Layout Views
Adding an Output Device
Storing a Page Setup
Plotter and Printer Hardware Considerations
The Bottom Line
Chapter 9: Understanding Plot Styles
Choosing Between Color-Dependent and Named Plot Style Tables
Creating a Color Plot Style Table
Editing and Using Plot Style Tables
Assigning Named Plot Styles Directly to Layers and Objects
The Bottom Line
Chapter 10: Adding Text to Drawings
Preparing a Drawing for Text
Setting the Annotation Scale and Adding Text
Understanding the Text Style Dialog Box Options
Exploring Text Formatting in AutoCAD
What Do the Fonts Look Like?
Adding Simple Single-Line Text Objects
Using the Check Spelling Feature
Substituting Fonts
Finding and Replacing Text
The Bottom Line
Chapter 11: Using Fields and Tables
Using Fields to Associate Text with Drawing Properties
Adding Tables to Your Drawing
Editing the Table Line Work
Adding Formulas to Cells
Importing and Exporting Tables
Creating Table Styles
The Bottom Line
Chapter 12: Using Dimensions
Understanding the Components of a Dimension
Creating a Dimension Style
Drawing Linear Dimensions
Editing Dimensions
Dimensioning Nonorthogonal Objects
Adding a Note with a Leader Arrow
Applying Ordinate Dimensions
Adding Tolerance Notation
The Bottom Line
Part 3: Mastering Advanced Skills
Chapter 13: Using Attributes
Creating Attributes
Editing Attributes
Extracting and Exporting Attribute Information
The Bottom Line
Chapter 14: Copying Existing Drawings from Other Sources
Methods for Converting Paper Drawings to AutoCAD Files
Importing a Raster Image
Working with a Raster Image
Working with PDF Files
Coordinating Geographic Locations
The Bottom Line
Chapter 15: Advanced Editing and Organizing
Using External References
Managing Layers
Using Advanced Tools: Filter and Quick Select
Using the QuickCalc Calculator
The Bottom Line
Chapter 16: Laying Out Your Printer Output
Understanding Model Space and Paper Space
Working with Paper Space Viewports
Creating Odd-Shaped Viewports
Understanding Lineweights, Linetypes, and Dimensions in Paper Space
The Bottom Line
Chapter 17: Making “Smart” Drawings with Parametric Tools
Why Use Parametric Drawing Tools?
Connecting Objects with Geometric Constraints
Controlling Sizes with Dimensional Constraints
Using Formulas to Control and Link Dimensions
Editing the Constraint Options
Putting Constraints to Use
The Bottom Line
Chapter 18: Using Dynamic Blocks
Exploring the Block Editor
Creating a Dynamic Block
Using Constraints in Dynamic Blocks
Adding a List of Predefined Options
Creating Multiple Shapes in One Block
Rotating Objects in Unison
Filling in a Space Automatically with Objects
Including Block Information with Data Extraction
The Bottom Line
Chapter 19: Drawing Curves
Introducing Polylines
Editing Polylines
Creating a Polyline Spline Curve
Using True Spline Curves
Marking Divisions on Curves
The Bottom Line
Chapter 20: Getting and Exchanging Data from Drawings
Finding the Area of Closed Boundaries
Getting General Information
Using the DXF File Format to Exchange CAD Data with Other Programs
Using AutoCAD Drawings in Page Layout Programs
Using OLE to Import Data
The Bottom Line
Part 4: 3D Modeling and Imaging
Chapter 21: Creating 3D Drawings
Getting to Know the 3D Modeling Workspace
Drawing in 3D Using Solids
Creating 3D Forms from 2D Shapes
Isolating Coordinates with Point Filters
Moving Around Your Model
Getting a Visual Effect
Turning a 3D View into a 2D AutoCAD Drawing
Using the Point Cloud Feature
The Bottom Line
Chapter 22: Using Advanced 3D Features
Setting Up AutoCAD for This Chapter
Mastering the User Coordinate System
Understanding the UCS Options
Using Viewports to Aid in 3D Drawing
Using the Array Tools
Creating Complex 3D Surfaces
Creating Spiral Forms
Creating Surface Models
Moving Objects in 3D Space
The Bottom Line
Chapter 23: Rendering 3D Drawings
Testing the Waters
Creating a Quick Study Rendering
Simulating the Sun
Using Materials
Creating Effects Using Materials and Lights
Applying and Adjusting Texture Maps
Understanding the Rendering Options
Adding Cameras for Better View Control
Printing Your Renderings
Simulating Natural Light
The Bottom Line
Chapter 24: Editing and Visualizing 3D Solids
Understanding Solid Modeling
Creating Solid Forms
Creating Complex Solids
Editing Solids
Streamlining the 2D Drawing Process
Visualizing Solids
The Bottom Line
Chapter 25: Exploring 3D Mesh and Surface Modeling
Creating a Simple 3D Mesh
Editing Faces and Edges
Creating Mesh Surfaces
Converting Meshes to Solids
Understanding 3D Surfaces
Editing Surfaces
The Bottom Line
Part 5: Customization and Integration
Chapter 26: Customizing Toolbars, Menus, Linetypes, and Hatch Patterns
Using Workspaces
Customizing the User Interface
Creating Macros in Tools and Menus
Editing Keyboard Shortcuts
Saving, Loading, and Unloading Your Customizations
Understanding the Diesel Macro Language
Creating Custom Linetypes
Creating Hatch Patterns
The Bottom Line
Chapter 27: Managing and Sharing Your Drawings
Sharing Drawings Online
ePublishing Your Drawings
Sharing Files with Autodesk 360
Adding Hyperlinks to Drawings
Managing Your Drawings with DesignCenter and the Tool Palettes
Searching Your Drawing Library with Content Explorer
Establishing Office Standards
Converting Multiple Layer Settings
The Bottom Line
Chapter 28: Keeping a Project Organized with Sheet Sets
Understanding Sheet Sets
Creating a Sheet Set from an Existing Project
Managing Title Blocks and Cross-References
Customizing Sheet Sets
Archiving, Publishing, and eTransmitting Sheet Sets
The Bottom Line
Appendices
Appendix A: The Bottom Line
Chapter 1: Exploring the Interface
Chapter 2: Creating Your First Drawing
Chapter 3: Setting Up and Using the Drafting Tools
Chapter 4: Organizing Objects with Blocks and Groups
Chapter 5: Keeping Track of Layers and Blocks
Chapter 6: Editing and Reusing Data to Work Efficiently
Chapter 7: Mastering Viewing Tools, Hatches, and External References
Chapter 8: Introducing Printing, Plotting, and Layouts
Chapter 9: Understanding Plot Styles
Chapter 10: Adding Text to Drawings
Chapter 11: Using Fields and Tables
Chapter 12: Using Dimensions
Chapter 13: Using Attributes
Chapter 14: Copying Existing Drawings from Other Sources
Chapter 15: Advanced Editing and Organizing
Chapter 16: Laying Out Your Printer Output
Chapter 17: Making “Smart” Drawings with Parametric Tools
Chapter 18: Using Dynamic Blocks
Chapter 19: Drawing Curves
Chapter 20: Getting and Exchanging Data from Drawings
Chapter 21: Creating 3D Drawings
Chapter 22: Using Advanced 3D Features
Chapter 23: Rendering 3D Drawings
Chapter 24: Editing and Visualizing 3D Solids
Chapter 25: Exploring 3D Mesh and Surface Modeling
Chapter 26: Customizing Toolbars, Menus, Linetypes, and Hatch Patterns
Chapter 27: Managing and Sharing Your Drawings
Chapter 28: Keeping a Project Organized with Sheet Sets
Appendix B: Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD
Before Installing AutoCAD
Proceeding with the Installation
Configuring AutoCAD
Configuring the Tablet Menu Area
Turning On the Noun/Verb Selection Method
Turning On the Grips Feature
Setting Up the Tracking Vector Feature
Adjusting the AutoCAD 3D Graphics System
Finding Hidden Folders That Contain AutoCAD Files
Setting Up AutoCAD with a White Background
Appendix C: The Autodesk® AutoCAD® 2014 Certification
Senior Acquisitions Editor: Willem Knibbe
Development Editor: Susan Herman
Technical Editor: Melanie Perry
Production Editor: Dassi Zeidel
Copy Editor: Liz Welch
Editorial Manager: Pete Gaughan
Production Manager: Tim Tate
Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley
Vice President and Publisher: Neil Edde
Book Designers: Maureen Forys, Happenstance Type-O-Rama; Judy Fung
Compositor: Craig Johnson, Happenstance Type-O-Rama
Proofreader: Josh Chase, Word One New York
Indexer: Ted Laux
Project Coordinator, Cover: Katherine Crocker
Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed
Cover Image: iStockphoto.com / PPAMPicture
Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-1-118-57504-8
ISBN: 978-1-118-75582-2 (ebk.)
ISBN: 978-1-118-75746-8 (ebk.)
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (877) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.
Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013936844
TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dear Reader,
Thank you for choosing Mastering AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014. This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching.
Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to producing consistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available.
I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at nedde@wiley.com. If you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com. Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex.
Best regards,
Neil Edde
Vice President and Publisher
Sybex, an Imprint of Wiley
To my brother Jim for your generosity and all of the help you’ve given through the years.—G.O.
Many talented and hardworking folks gave their best effort to produce Mastering AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014. I offer my sincerest gratitude to those people who helped bring this book to you.
Heartfelt thanks go to the editorial and production teams at Sybex for their efforts. Willem Knibbe, as always, made sure things got off to a great start and was there for support at all times. Susan Herman kept a watchful eye on the progress of the book. Melanie Perry did an excellent job of ensuring that I didn’t make any glaring mistakes and offered suggestions based on her own writing experience. On the production side, Dassi Zeidel kept the workflow going and answered my dumb questions during the review process, and Liz Welch made sure I wasn’t trying out new uses of the English language.
Thanks also go to Denis Cadu, who has always given his steadfast support to my efforts over many projects. Jim Quanci always gives his generous and thoughtful assistance to us author types—I’d be lost without your help, Jim. Thanks to Barbara Vezos for her support. Finally, as always, a big thanks to Shaan Hurley, Lisa Crounse, and the Autodesk beta team for generously allowing us to have a look at the prerelease software.
And a great big thank-you to my family and friends, who have been there for me through thick and thin.
George Omura is a licensed architect, Autodesk Authorized Author, and CAD specialist with more than 27 years of experience in AutoCAD and over 35 years of experience in architecture. He has worked on design projects ranging from resort hotels to metropolitan transit systems. George has written numerous other AutoCAD books for Sybex, including Introducing AutoCAD 2010 and AutoCAD LT 2010 and Mastering AutoCAD 2012 and AutoCAD LT 2012.
Brian C. Benton is a senior engineering technician, CAD service provider, technical writer, and blogger. He has over 20 years of experience in various design fields (mechanical, structural, civil, survey, marine, environmental) and is well versed in many design software packages (CAD, GIS, Graphics). He is Cadalyst magazine’s Tip Patroller, AUGI HotNews production manager, and Infinite Skills AutoCAD training video author.
Welcome to Mastering AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014. As many readers have already discovered, this book is a unique blend of tutorial and reference that includes everything you need to get started and stay ahead with Autodesk® AutoCAD® software. With this edition, you get coverage of the latest features of both AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014 software along with detailed information on existing features.
Rather than just showing you how each command works, this book shows you AutoCAD 2014 in the context of a meaningful activity. You’ll learn how to use commands while working on an actual project and progressing toward a goal. This book also provides a foundation on which you can build your own methods for using AutoCAD and become an AutoCAD expert. For this reason, we haven’t covered every single command or every permutation of a command response. You should think of this book as a way to get a detailed look at AutoCAD as it’s used on a real project. As you follow the exercises, we also encourage you to explore AutoCAD on your own, applying the techniques you learn to your own work.
Both experienced and beginning AutoCAD users will find this book useful. If you aren’t an experienced user, the way to get the most out of this book is to approach it as a tutorial—chapter by chapter, at least for the first two parts of the book. You’ll find that each chapter builds on the skills and information you learned in the previous one. To help you navigate, the exercises are shown in numbered steps. To address the needs of all readers worldwide, the exercises provide both Imperial (feet/inches) and metric measurements. Some exercises use generic units of measurement or if the focus of the exercise is not dependent on the measurement system, Imperial is used.
After you’ve mastered the material in Parts 1 and 2, you can follow your interests and explore other parts of the book in whatever order you choose. Part 3 takes you to a more advanced skill level. There you’ll learn more about storing and sharing drawing data and how to create more complex drawings. If you’re interested in 3D, check out Part 4. If you want to start customizing right away, go to Part 5. You can check out Chapters 27 and 28 at any time because they give you general information about sharing AutoCAD files with your coworkers and consultants. Chapter 28 focuses on the Sheet Set Manager, which offers a way to organize your multisheet projects.
You can also use this book as a ready reference for your day-to-day problems and questions about commands. Optional exercises at the end of each chapter will help you review and look at different ways to apply the information you’ve learned. Experienced users will also find this book a handy reference tool.
Finally, if you run into problems using AutoCAD, see the section “When Things Go Wrong” in Bonus Chapter 3, “Hardware and Software Tips.” You’ll find a list of the most common issues that users face when first learning AutoCAD.
Autodesk has released both AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014 simultaneously. Not surprisingly, they’re nearly identical in the way they look and work. You can share files between the two programs with complete confidence that you won’t lose data or corrupt files. The main differences are that AutoCAD LT doesn’t support all the 3D functions of AutoCAD 2014, nor does it support the customization tools of AutoLISP® or the .NET Framework. But AutoCAD LT still has plenty to offer in both the productivity and customization areas. Because they’re so similar, we can present material for both programs with only minor adjustments.
When a feature is discussed that is available only in AutoCAD 2014, you’ll see the AutoCAD Only icon.
For the purposes of this publication, the “ACAD only” icon means the relevant (or adjacent) content applies only to AutoCAD® software and not to AutoCAD LT® software.
You’ll also see warning messages when tutorials vary between AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT. If only minor differences occur, you’ll see either a warning message or directions embedded in the tutorial indicating the differences between the two programs.
We’ve also provided workaround instructions wherever possible when AutoCAD LT doesn’t offer a feature found in AutoCAD 2014.
In each chapter, you’ll find extensive tips and discussions in the form of sidebars set off from the main text. These provide a wealth of information we have gathered over years of using AutoCAD on a variety of projects in different office environments. You may want to browse through the book and read these boxes just to get an idea of how they might be useful to you.
Another quick reference you’ll find yourself using often is Bonus Chapter 4, “System Variables and Dimension Styles.” It contains descriptions of all the dimension settings with comments on their uses. If you experience any problems, you can consult the section “When Things Go Wrong” in Bonus Chapter 3.
The Mastering series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers with intermediate and advanced skills in the form of top-notch training and development for those already working in their field, and clear, serious education for those aspiring to become pros. Every Mastering book includes the following:
Mastering AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014 is divided into five parts, each representing a milestone in your progress toward becoming an expert AutoCAD user. Here is a description of those parts and what they will show you.
As with any major endeavor, you must begin by tackling small, manageable tasks. In this first part, you’ll become familiar with the way AutoCAD looks and feels.
After you have the basics down, you’ll begin to explore some of the more subtle qualities of AutoCAD.
At this point, you’ll be on the verge of becoming a real AutoCAD expert. Part 3 is designed to help you polish your existing skills and give you a few new ones.
Although 2D drafting is the workhorse application in AutoCAD, its 3D capabilities give you a chance to expand your ideas and look at them in a new light.
One of greatest strengths of AutoCAD is its openness to customization, which you’ll explore in this section.
Finally, this book has several appendices.
Many of the exercises in this book make use of sample files that you can download from the following website: www.sybex.com/go/masteringautocad2014. With these files, you can pick up an exercise anywhere you like without having to work through the book from front to back. You can also use these sample files to repeat exercises or to just explore how files are organized and put together. You can also download additional bonus chapters that cover other AutoCAD features:
This book assumes you have a Windows-based PC with at least a dual-core processor or equivalent CPU. Your computer should have at least one DVD drive and a hard disk with 2 GB or more of free space for the AutoCAD program files and about 120 MB of additional space for sample files and the workspace. In addition to these requirements, you should have enough free disk space to allow for a Windows virtual memory page file that is about 1.5 times the amount of installed RAM. Consult your Windows manual or Bonus Chapter 3 of this book for more on virtual memory.
AutoCAD 2014 runs best on systems with at least 2 GB or more of RAM, although you can get by with 1 GB. Your computer should also have a high-resolution monitor and an up-to-date display card. An SVGA display with a resolution of 1024×768 or greater will work fine with AutoCAD, but if you want to take full advantage of the new 3D features, you should have a 128 MB or greater, OpenGL-capable, workstation-class graphics card. If you intend to use a digitizer tablet, you’ll need one free USB port available. We also assume you’re using a mouse and have the use of a printer or a plotter. Finally, you’ll need an Internet connection to take full advantage of the support offerings from Autodesk.
If you want a more detailed explanation of hardware options with AutoCAD, see Bonus Chapter 3. You’ll find a general description of the available hardware options and their significance to AutoCAD.
Much care has been taken to see that the stylistic conventions in this book—the use of uppercase or lowercase letters, italic or boldface type, and so on—are the ones most likely to help you learn AutoCAD. On the whole, their effect should be subliminal. However, you may find it useful to be conscious of the following rules:
For most functions, this book describes how to select options from Ribbon panels and the Application menu. In addition, where applicable, we include related keyboard shortcuts and command names in parentheses. These command names provide continuity for readers who are accustomed to working at the Command prompt.
AutoCAD 2014 has a long list of new features, many of which are aimed at making your work easier and faster. Some features like AutoCAD® WS and Autodesk Exchange are web tools that help you share your work, keep up with the latest on AutoCAD, and discuss issues you may be having. Here are some of the new features we cover in this book:
We hope that Mastering AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014 will be of benefit to you and that, after you’ve completed the tutorials, you’ll continue to use the book as a reference. If you have comments, criticism, or ideas about how the book can be improved, you can email us at the following addresses:
George Omura: george.omura@gmail.com
Brian C. Benton: bbenton@cad-a-blog.com
If you find errors, please let our publisher know. Visit the book’s web page, www.sybex.com/go/masteringautocad2014, and click the Errata link to find a form to use to identify the problem.
And thanks for choosing Mastering AutoCAD 2014 and AutoCAD LT 2014.
Before you can start to use the new capabilities of the AutoCAD® 2014 software, you must become familiar with the basics. If you’re completely new to AutoCAD, you’ll want to read this first chapter carefully. It introduces you to many basic operations of AutoCAD, such as opening and closing files, getting a close-up look at part of a drawing, and changing a drawing. If you’re familiar with earlier versions of AutoCAD, you should review this chapter anyway to get acquainted with the features you haven’t already used.
Autodesk releases new versions of AutoCAD every year. Part of this strategy is to introduce improvements that focus on a particular category of features. This latest version, AutoCAD 2014, includes new and improved features that are related to the command input and GIS.
The command line has been beefed up to be more interactive and intuitive. It offers an autocorrect feature and can display suggestions, much like the way some popular web browsers work.
The ability to make objects appear transparent has also been improved.
Autodesk has discovered that the number of users making use of point cloud scanning is on the upswing, so with this version, you’ll see some new features that will allow you to make smoother use of real-world references with point clouds, with controls similar to those in other referenced files. A new adjunct program called ReCap is available to help you import point cloud data into AutoCAD. You’ll get a chance to explore these new features and many more as you work through this book.
Before you begin the exercise later in this chapter, make sure that you have loaded the sample files from this book’s web page at http://www.sybex.com/go/masteringautocad2014. See the introduction for details. If you have purchased the e-book version, please see the introduction for instructions on how to download the sample files.
In this chapter, you will learn to:
First, you’ll get a chance to familiarize yourself with the AutoCAD screen and how you communicate with AutoCAD. As you do the exercises in this chapter, you’ll also get a feel for how to work with this book. Don’t worry about understanding or remembering everything you see in this chapter. You’ll get plenty of opportunities to probe the finer details of the program as you work through the later chapters. To help you remember the material, we have included a brief set of questions at the end of each chapter. For now, just enjoy your first excursion into AutoCAD.
If you’ve already installed AutoCAD (see Appendix B, “Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD”) and are ready to jump in and take a look, proceed with the following steps to launch the program:
If you’re using the trial version, you’ll see the Product License Activation window before step 2. This window shows you the number of days you have left in the trial version. It also enables you to activate the product if you purchase a license. Click the Try button to continue opening the program. Now let’s look at the AutoCAD window in detail. Don’t worry if it seems like a lot of information. You don’t have to memorize it, but by looking at all the parts, you’ll be aware of what is available in a general way.
The AutoCAD program window is divided into several parts:
Figure 1-1 shows a typical layout of the AutoCAD program window. You can organize the AutoCAD window into any arrangement you want and save it as a workspace. You can save and recall a workspace at any time using the Workspace Switching tool in the Quick Access toolbar. (You’ll learn more about this tool in the next chapter.) The default workspace in Figure 1-1 is called the Drafting & Annotation workspace and is one of several workspaces built into AutoCAD.
Figure 1-2 shows the AutoCAD 3D Modeling workspace, which has a different set of Ribbon panels. It also shows an AutoCAD drawing file using one of the 3D modeling templates in AutoCAD. Beneath these external changes, the underlying program is the same.
You’ll learn more about workspaces and templates later in this chapter and in Chapter 26, “Customizing Toolbars, Menus, Linetypes, and Hatch Patterns.”
In the upper-left corner of the AutoCAD program window, the red AutoCAD icon displays the Application menu, which offers a set of options not directly related to drawing; we’ll elaborate on this menu in the next section. The Quick Access toolbar at the top of the drawing area (shown in Figure 1-3) includes the basic file-handling functions that you find in nearly all Windows programs. The InfoCenter is the AutoCAD online help facility; you’ll learn more about it in Chapter 2, “Creating Your First Drawing.” The Ribbon uses icons to provide nearly all the commands you’ll need; you’ll learn more about it in the section “Using the Ribbon” later in this chapter.
The drawing area occupies most of the screen. Everything you draw appears in this area. As you move your mouse around, crosshairs appear to move within the drawing area. This is the drawing cursor that lets you point to locations in the drawing area. You’ll get your first chance to work with the drawing area later, in the section “Picking Points in the Drawing Area.”
Just above the drawing area are the Drawing tabs that let you create new drawings or switch between open drawings in a way similar to popular web browsers. Notice the “x” in the current tab that lets you close the current drawing, and the plus icon just to the right of the tab that lets you create a new drawing or open an existing one. When you click the plus icon, the Select Template dialog box appears, allowing you to start a new drawing. Right-click on the plus icon, and a context menu opens that offers you the option to open an existing drawing, to save all of the currently open drawings, or to close all of the drawings.
If you hover over the Drawing tab, you’ll see preview images of the model and layouts of the drawing. You’ll learn more about model and layout spaces later in this chapter.
Within the drawing area, you see several items along the side and in the corners. The UCS icon appears in the lower-left corner. You’ll learn more about the UCS icon in a moment (see the section “Using the UCS Icon”). In the upper-right corner, you see the ViewCube. The ViewCube is primarily for 3D modeling, and you’ll learn more about it in Chapter 21, “Creating 3D Drawings.” You’ll also see a Navigation bar along the right edge of the AutoCAD window. This bar offers tools you can use to get around in your drawing. Basic tools like Zoom and Pan can be found here as well as some advanced tools for viewing 3D models.
The Viewport controls in the upper-left corner of the drawing area offer menu options to control 3D and 2D views and visual styles and duplicate some of the functions of the ViewCube. You’ll learn more about the Viewport controls when you explore 3D modeling in Chapter 25, “Exploring 3D Mesh and Surface Modeling.”
Just below the drawing area in the lower-left corner are the Model and Layout tabs. These tabs enable you to switch quickly between different types of views called the model and layout views. You’ll get to see firsthand how these work in a section called “Working with AutoCAD” later in this chapter.
The Command window, located just below the drawing area, gives you feedback about the AutoCAD commands as you use them. You can move and resize this window just as you move and resize other display components. By default, the Command window is in its undocked position, as shown in Figure 1-4. We’ll elaborate on the Command window in the section “Working in the Command Window” later in this chapter.
Below the Command window is the status bar (also shown in Figure 1-4). The status bar gives you information at a glance about the state of the drawing. For example, the coordinate readout at the far left of the status bar tells you the location of your cursor. The tools in the status bar offer aids to the drafting process.
The Application menu offers tools to help you manage your AutoCAD files. It is basically the File pull-down menu from previous versions of AutoCAD. Try it out to see how it works:
The Application menu also gives you a convenient way to find recently used files or to get to a file you already have open. If you move your cursor away from the list of options to the left in the Application menu, you’ll see Recent Documents in the upper-left portion of the menu. You’ll also see two icon tools, named Open Documents and Recent Documents (see Figure 1-6).
The Open Documents option lets you quickly change from one open file to another when you are viewing your files full-screen. The Recent Documents option displays a list of documents on which you’ve recently worked.
You can use the View tool in the upper-right portion of the Application menu to select the way the list of files is displayed in a manner similar to the way you would use the Windows Explorer View option. You can click this icon and select Small Images to have the list display the files with thumbnail images of their content. Hover over a filename and you will see a tool tip that displays a larger thumbnail of the drawing.
The most prominent feature in the AutoCAD window, besides the drawing area, is the Ribbon (see Figure 1-7). This is where you’ll be selecting tools to draw, edit, or perform other functions. The Ribbon contains a set of panels representing groups of tools and features. The name of each Ribbon panel is found in its title bar at the bottom of the panel. Ribbon panels are further organized by the tabs that appear above them. Each tool in the Ribbon offers a tool tip and cue card that provides a short description to help you understand what the tool icon represents.
If you see only the Ribbon tabs, click the arrowhead button in the Ribbon Control tool. If you don’t even see the tabs, type Ribbon↵.
Move the arrow cursor onto one of the Ribbon panel tools and leave it there for a moment; you’ll see a tool tip appear just below the cursor. Hold the cursor there a bit longer and the tool tip changes to give you even more information about the tool.
In most cases, you’ll be able to guess what each tool does by looking at its icon. The icon with an arc in the Draw Ribbon panel, for instance, indicates that the tool draws arcs; the one with the circle shows that the tool draws circles; and so on. For further clarification, the tool tip gives you the name of the tool.