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Non-deformable Solid Mechanics Set

coordinated by Abdelkhalak El Hami

Volume 5

Movement Equations 5

Dynamics of a Set of Solids

Georges Vénizélos

Abdelkhalak El Hami

images

Preface

This book is the fifth and last volume in the Non-deformable Solid Mechanics series. As with the first four volumes, its content is inspired by the mechanics teachings offered at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) in France.

The authors, Georges Venizelos in Paris and Abdelkhalak El Hami in Rouen, took part in CNAM engineering training in their continuing education or apprenticeship training. They wish to pay tribute to their colleague, Michel Borel, equally passionate in teaching mechanics, who participated in creating the first four volumes but who passed away, alas, too early, before the creation of this fifth volume.

This book, Movement Equations 5, focuses on the dynamics of sets of non-deformable solids, thus completing this series. In this volume, appropriate mathematical tools (torsor calculus and matrix calculation) are used to obtain the movement equations of a chain of solids and solve them in order to obtain the information necessary for the design of mechanical systems.

Chapter 1 presents the direct application of the fundamental principle of dynamics to the movement of a chain of solids, as developed in the previous volumes of this series, assuming that each solid is considered non-deformable. Yet, when these solids are presented in the form of loops or branches, these are generally subject to structural strains like tensile, compression, bending or torsion during movement.

Having applied the fundamental principle of dynamics to the movement of a chain of solids, and obtained the movement equations of a linear system of solids, in Chapter 2 we study the vibration behavior of a system of n mass-spring-dampers. By passing to the limit, we describe the study of the vibrations of a continuous (deformable) system.

Chapter 3 presents the study of the vibrations of a rigid solid, those of a set of several solids and those of a deformable solid. It is based on knowledge of variations with respect to time, or frequency, of several parameters. The variations in these parameters with respect to time tend to be coupled. The movement equations of the mechanical set considered then constitute a second-order differential equation system.

The vibratory behavior of a deformable structure or of a set of solids connected by elastic links depends on the mechanical characteristics of the system and the amplitude and frequency of excitation.

In Chapter 4, we look to obtain the response of an excited system with respect to the excitation frequency.

Georges VÉNIZÉLOS

Abdelkhalak EL HAMI

August 2019

Table of Notations

M
material point
t
time
m (S)
mass of a solid (S)
δij
Kronecker symbol
εijk
alternate symbol of 3rd order
images
vector
images
basis
images
frame
ψ, θ, φ
Euler angles, respectively precession, nutation and natural rotation
images
plane of both vectors images and images
images
plane of both vectors images and images passing through point O
images
angle of the two vectors, oriented from images towards images
images
norm of vector images
images
scalar product of the two vectors images and images
images
vector product of the two vectors images and images
images
polar unit vector in cylindro-polar coordinates
images
polar unit vector in spherical coordinates
images
vector rotation of angle α around the axis defined by the vector images
images
vectorial bipoint or vector
images
situation vector of the point OS in the reference frame 〈λ
images or images
velocity at instant t of the material point M throughout its motion in the frame 〈λ
images or images
acceleration at instant t of the material point M throughout its motion in the frame 〈λ
images
rotation vector or rotation rate of solid (S) in its motion in relation to the frame 〈λ
images
drive velocity of material point M in the relative motion of the frame 〈μ〉 in relation to the frame 〈λ
images
drive acceleration of the material point M in the relative motion of the frame 〈μ〉 in relation to the frame 〈λ
images
Coriolis acceleration applied to the material point M during the relative motion of the frame 〈μ〉 in relation to the frame 〈λ
images
derivative in relation to time of the vector images in the frame 〈λ
images
torsor characterized by its two reduction elements at point P
images
scalar invariant of torsor images, independent of point P
images
product of two torsors
images
velocity-distributing torsor or kinematic torsor associated with the motion of material point P of solid (S) in the frame 〈λ
images
kinetic torsor associated with the motion of solid (S) in the frame 〈λ
images
dynamic torsor associated with the motion of solid (S) in the frame 〈λ
images
inertial operator of the solid (S) supplied with the measure of mass m expressed in a frame joined to the solid
images
inertial drive torsor of the solid (S) in the relative motion of 〈λ〉 in relation to 〈g
images
inertial Coriolis torsor of the solid (S) in the relative motion of 〈λ〉 in relation to 〈g
Q1,…, Q6
canonical situation parameters
{Δ}
torsor of known efforts
{πS}
torsor of gravitational efforts acting on the solid (S)
g
acceleration of Earth’s gravity ~ 9.80665 m.s−2 (9.81 on average) according to the place and altitude of the body which is subject to it
images
torsor of link applied to the solid (S)
images
power developed by the set of forces F acting on the solid (S) throughout its motion
images
partial power, relative to the variable Qα, developed by the set of forces F acting on the solid (S) throughout its motion
T(λ)(S)
kinetic energy of the solid (S) in its motion in relation to the frame 〈λ
(Lα)
Lagrange equation relative to the variable Qα

When the situation of the solid (S) in the frame 〈λ〉 is represented by the parameters Qα, we state : images where

images
partial distributing torsor relative to the variable Qα
images
partial rotation rate relative to the variable Qα, component of the variable Qα in the rotation rate images
images
component of the variable Qα of the velocity vector of point OS, expressed under the form images
images
canonical linear component of the dynamic resultant
images
canonical quadratic component of dynamic resultant
images
canonical linear component of dynamic moment at Q
images
canonical quadratic components of dynamic moment at Q
Eαβ
canonical quadratic component of kinetic energy
images
resultant of known exterior efforts
images
part of the resultant of known exterior efforts independent of time
images
moment at Q of exterior known efforts
images
part of moment at Q of known exterior efforts independent of time
images
part of the resultant of known exterior efforts dependent exclusively of time
images
part of the moment of known exterior efforts exclusively dependent on time
images
part of the partial power of the known exterior efforts relative to Qα independent of time
images
part of the partial power of the known exterior efforts relative to Qα
(e) = (e1,…,e6)
Q,…,6
D1 [f(t)]
ft
ɛα, ɛ′α, ɛ″α
Q and its first and second derivative
aαβ, bαβ, cαβ, dα(t)
torsor components of the equation of small movements
(A), (B), (C)
abc
projection basis of the vector expression of a linear differential system
images
s
()
Zs
E(s) = L[ε(t)]
() = L[()]
() = [ ()]
phase advance of an exciter signal on the forced response of the oscillator
A
or
rotation rate of the gyroscopic device
ΩT