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This edition first published 2018
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Webster, Samuel, 1974- editor. | Morris, Geraint, editor. | Kevelighan, Euan, editor.
Title: Essential human development / edited by Samuel Webster, Geraint Morris, Euan Kevelighan.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2018. | Includes index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2017022080 (print) | LCCN 2017037734 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118528600 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118528617 (epub) | ISBN 9781118528624 (pbk.)
Subjects: LCSH: Life cycle, Human. | Developmental biology. | Embryology, Human.
Classification: LCC QP83.8 (ebook) | LCC QP83.8 .E87 2018 (print) | DDC 571.8–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017022080 9781118528624
Cover image: © Nicholas Eveleigh/Gettyimages
Cover design by Wiley
Rebecca Balfour, MB BCh MRCPCH
Specialty Doctor, Community Child Health
Singleton Hospital
Swansea, UK
Marion Beard, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
Cardiff, UK
Dana Beasley, State Examination Medicine MRCPCH
Consultant Paediatrician
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Christopher Bidder, BMedSci BM BS MRCPCH
Consultant Paediatrician with Special Interest in
Diabetes and Endocrinology
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Aisling Carroll-Downey, MB BCh
Belfast City Hospital
Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Benjamin Chisholme, MB BCh, BSc (Hons), DRCOG, MRCGP
General Practitioner
Llynfi Surgery
Maesteg
Wales, UK
Jennifer Davies-Oliveira, MB BCh
Speciality Registrar in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
Cardiff , UK
Maitreyee Deshpande, MB BS
Specialty Registrar in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
Cardiff, UK
Jamie Evans, MB BCh MRCPCH
Specialty Registrar, Neonatal Medicine
University Hospital of Wales
Cardiff, Wales, UK
Ruth Frazer, MB BCh
Consultant in Contraception and Sexual Health
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Nitin Goel, MBBS MD FRCPCH
Consultant Neonatologist
Singleton Hospital
Swansea, UK
Fran Hodge, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Sharif Ismail, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust
Sussex, UK
Nisha Kadwadkar, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Lancaster Hospital
Lancaster, UK
Euan Kevelighan, FRCOG FAcadMed DipMed Ed
All Wales Head of School & Associate Dean for Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Honorary Associate Professor, Swansea University
Medical School
Honorary Secretary of Welsh Obstetrics and
Gynaecology Society
Swansea, UK
Aleksandra Komarzyniec-Pyzik, MD Poland, FRSH Dip
Specialty Doctor Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Nevill Hall Hospital
Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
Abergavenny, UK
Franz Majoko, MB BS†
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Formerly of Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Colm McAlinden, MD MB BCh BSc (Hons) MSc, PhD MRCOphth
Visiting Professor
School of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Wenzhou Medical University, China
Geraint Morris, MB BCh FRCPCH
Consultant Neonatologist and Clinical Director, Children's Services
Singleton Hospital
Swansea, UK
Ian Morris, MB BS (Hons) MRCPCH
Consultant Neonatologist
University Hospital of Wales
Cardiff, UK
Marsham Moselhi, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Deepa Balachandran Nair, MB BS
Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Manju Nair, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Cerys Scarr, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Royal Gwent Hospital
Newport, UK
Lakshmipriya Selvarajan, MBBS MRCPCH
Specialty Registrar, Paediatric Gastroenterology
Birmingham Children's Hospital
Birmingham, UK
Catrin Simpson, MB BCh BSc (hons) MRCPCH
Consultant Community Paediatrician
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
Cardiff, UK
Gurpreet Singh Kalra, MB BS
Consultant Gynaecologist
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Alan Treharne, MB BS
Specialty Registrar, Obstetrics and Gynaecology
St Georges Hospital Medical School
Cardiff, UK
Surekha Tuohy, MB BS MRCPCH
Consultant Community Paediatrician
Singleton Hospital
Swansea, UK
Pramodh Vallabhaneni, MB BS MRCPCH
Dip Medical Education
Consultant Paediatrician
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Sophie Walker MB BS
Clinical Research Fellow
Queen Mary University of London
London, UK
Samuel Webster, PhD FHEA
Senior Lecturer in Anatomy & Embryology
Swansea University Medical School
Swansea, UK
Shabeena Webster, MBBCh MRCPCH
Dip Paed Neurodis
Specialty Registrar, Community Paediatrics
Llandough Hospital
Cardiff, UK
Cathy White, MB BS FRCP FRCPCH
Consultant Paediatric Neurologist
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
Bethan Williams, MB BCh MRCPCH
Consultant Community Paediatrician
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
Cardiff, UK
Toni Williams, MB BCh MRCPCH
Consultant Paediatrician
Glangwili Hospital
Carmarthen, UK
Kinza Younas, MB BS
Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
Morriston Hospital
Swansea, UK
†Recently deceased.
Medical education is forever expanding as our understanding of medicine and the human body broadens. Books become larger, thicker and are continually updated. This book combines subject areas associated with biological human development for the undergraduate student new to these fields and for the postgraduate looking for a resource to refer to. Chapter authors and editors have selected topics and focused study upon areas chosen for their importance and likely occurrence. This has created a single resource to help inform the reader and prepare them for clinical work.
The book is organised around the human life cycle, beginning with fertilisation and embryological topics, continuing through obstetric medicine, then neonatal care and child health, and ultimately leading into further fertility and gynaecological medicine.
Each chapter begins with a hypothetical clinical case. Each case relates to important aspect(s) of the chapter, intending that the reader considers the problems posed while reading. Every chapter concludes with more information about the case derived from the results of investigations or treatments, and discusses what has occurred and how the person may be treated, and may also discuss likely effects on that person's future.
Topics within the chapter have been organised into chunks, limiting the size of each section and making searching for information easier and faster. Chapters include key information points that summarise the main ideas discussed, and each chapter has an online collection of single best answer (SBA or multiple choice) and extended matching questions (EMQs) to test the reader's understanding. Some of the questions may extend outside the written chapter.
In this way we have aimed to produce a helpful, informative and more concise resource for a wide range of associated topics. This blending of subjects and disciplines matches many modern medical curricula.
Samuel Webster
Geraint Morris
Euan Kevelighan
Every chapter begins with the learning outcomes to the topic.
Case studies give further insight into real-life patient scenarios.
Key learning points give a summary of the topics covered in a chapter.
Your textbook is full of illustrations and tables.
The website icon indicates that you can find accompanying self-assessment resources on the book's companion website.
Don't forget to visit the companion website for this book:
www.wileyessential.com/humandevelopment
There you will find valuable material designed to enhance your learning, including: