All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Meir Russ to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Office(s)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial Office
The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Names: Russ, Meir, 1968- editor.
Title: Handbook of knowledge management for sustainable water systems /edited by Meir Russ.
Description: Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell, 2018. | Series: Challenges in water management series | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017044560 (print) | LCCN 2017053007 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119271666 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119271673 (epub) | ISBN 9781119271635 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Water-supply-Management. | Water resources development. | Sustainable development. | BISAC: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental/ Water Supply.
“I have acquired insight from all my teachers”
(Psalms 119:99)
“My teaching shall drop as the rain...(Deuteronomy 32:2)”
This book is dedicated to all the teachers from all walks of life and all over the world I have encountered and to those who will continue my teaching, for their wisdom, integrity, strong will, dedication and patience. Wisdom and water are more precious when shared among people and between generations.
May this be their legacy.
List of contributors
Laura AlbaredaSchool of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Department of Strategy, Deusto Business School, Deusto University, Avenidad de las Universidades, Bilbao, Spain
Stephen AtkinsOtago Polytechnic of New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
Chiara BartolacciDepartment of Economics and Law, Università degli Studi di Macerata, Macerata, Italy
Isabelle BourdonUniversity of Montpelier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Jose Antonio CamposDepartment of Marketing, Deusto Business School, Department of Industrial Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain
Vallari ChandnaUniversity of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
Bin ChenState Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Cristina CristalliDepartment of Research for Innovation, Loccioni Group, Ancona, Italy
Delin FangState Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Lesley GillOtago Polytechnic of New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
Ali GunaSchool of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Janet G. HeringEawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, IBP, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Eduard HochbichlerInstitute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190 – Vienna, Austria
Daniela IsidoriDepartment of Research for Innovation, Loccioni Group, Ancona, Italy
Ana IuscoUniversity of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
Chris KimbleKEDGE Business School, 13009 Marseille, France
Roland KoeckInstitute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190 – Vienna, Austria
Kay LionOtago Polytechnic of New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
Shuk-Ching LiUniversity College Utrecht, Maupertuusplein 1–320, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Federico NiccoliniDepartment of Economics and Management, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Lothar NunnenmacherEawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Breanne ParrUniversity of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
Meir RussUniversity of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
Marje SchaddeleeOtago Polytechnic of New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
Dajun ShenSchool of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Tonny TonnyOtago Polytechnic of New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
Bilgehan UzuncaUtrecht University School of Economics, Kriekenpitplein 21–22, 3584 EC Utrecht, The Netherlands
Harald VacikInstitute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190 – Vienna, Austria
Harald von WaldowEawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Xuedong YuSchool of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Series Editor Foreword - Challenges in Water Management
The World Bank in 2014 noted:
‘Water is one of the most basic human needs. With impacts on agriculture, education, energy, health, gender equity, and livelihood, water management underlies the most basic development challenges. Water is under unprecedented pressures as growing populations and economies demand more of it. Practically every development challenge of the 21st century – food security, managing rapid urbanization, energy security, environmental protection, adapting to climate change – requires urgent attention to water resources management.
Yet already, groundwater is being depleted faster than it is being replenished and worsening water quality degrades the environment and adds to costs. The pressures on water resources are expected to worsen because of climate change. There is ample evidence that climate change will increase hydrologic variability, resulting in extreme weather events such as droughts floods, and major storms. It will continue to have a profound impact on economies, health, lives, and livelihoods. The poorest people will suffer most.’
It is clear there are numerous challenges in water management in the 21st Century. In the 20th Century, most elements of water management had their own distinct set of organisations, skill sets, preferred approaches and professionals. The overlying issue of industrial pollution of water resources was managed from a ‘point source’ perspective.
However, it has become accepted that water management has to be seen from a holistic viewpoint and managed in an integrated manner. Our current key challenges include:
The impact of climate change on water management, its many facets and challenges – extreme weather, developing resilience, storm-water management, future development and risks to infrastructure
Implementing river basin/watershed/catchment management in a way that is effective and deliverable
Water management and food and energy security
The policy, legislation and regulatory framework that is required to rise to these challenges
Social aspects of water management – equitable use and allocation of water resources, the potential for ‘water wars’, stakeholder engagement, valuing water and the ecosystems that depend upon it
This series highlights cutting-edge material in the global water management sector from a practitioner as well as an academic viewpoint. The issues covered in this series are of critical interest to advanced level undergraduates and Masters Students as well as industry, investors and the media.
Justin Taberham, CEnv
Series Editor
www.justintaberham.com
Preface
The amount of water on earth is fixed. It does not change. The amount of fresh water that is available for human use is less than 3% of all available water on earth and even this amount is continuously contaminated by human acts. Also, the population in the world is growing rapidly. Just a few years ago the world population reached 8 billion people and in 20–30 years it will reach 9 billion. It means that the demand for potable water and water needed for agriculture, industry, and energy is growing faster than the natural water can be supplied and thus the gap between the demand for fresh water and the available natural resources is growing. Adding to that is the increasing need for cleaning the water and waste water collection and treatment in the world, which makes this book very interesting and beneficial for the generations to come.
To be able to face these important challenges, a holistic approach regarding the use of fresh water must be taken by decision-makers all over the globe, in developed, developing and undeveloped countries, to face the problems and overcome them in a sustainable way. To do so, such a holistic approach must contain the following activities in parallel:
Master planning for water and waste water – the master plan should consider the future for at least the next 40 years, taking into consideration climate change, population growth, standard of living improvements, energy and food.
Saving water – to include education, promotion, fighting against water loss in the piping system, advanced irrigation systems, regulation and water pricing.
Water reuse – includes reasonable sanitation systems, waste water collection and treatment, and using the effluent for agriculture, industry and gardening.
Production of new resources of water – such as cleaning the rivers, building water treatment plants, and building desalination brackish and sea water desalination plants.
This book addresses these steps and more. It will be of great help to those who will make intelligent decisions to stand up to these enormous challenges our generation, and generations to come, are and will be facing.
It will also assist to solve problems of transboundary waters and reduce the danger of wars over water and become a strong sustainable bridge towards peace between nations.
Abraham Tenne Former head of the Desalination Division in the Israeli Water Authority and chairman of the WDA (water desalination administration) of the government of Israel