Edited by
Jecko Thachil, MBBS, MD, MRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist,
Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary,
Manchester, UK
Catherine Bagot, BSc, MBBS, MD, MRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist,
Department of Haematology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary,
Glasgow, UK
This edition first published 2018
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Thachil, Jecko, editor. | Bagot, Catherine, editor.
Title: Handbook of venous thromboembolism / edited by Jecko Thachil and Catherine Bagot.
Description: Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017039383 (print) | LCCN 2017040998 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119095590 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119095583 (epub) | ISBN 9781119095576 (cloth)
Subjects: | MESH: Venous Thromboembolism
Classification: LCC RC697 (ebook) | LCC RC697 (print) | NLM WG 610 | DDC 616.1/45–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017039383
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: ©London_England/iStockphoto
William R. Auger, MD
University of California, San Diego, USA
Catherine Bagot, BSc, MBBS, MD, MRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist, Department of Haematology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Rebecca Barton, MBBS, BBioMedSc
Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Enrico Bernardi, MD, PhD
Department of Emergency and Accident Medicine, Hospital of Conegliano, Italy
Karen Breen, MD, MRCPI, FRCPath
Dept of Thrombosis, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London
Andrew Busuttil, MD, MRCS
Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, UK
Giuseppe Camporese, MD
Unit of Angiology, Department of Cardiac‐Thoracic‐Vascular Sciences, University Hospital of Padua, Italy
Lana A. Castellucci, MD, MSc
Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Yen‐Lin Chee, MBChB, MRCP, PhD, MRCPath
Consultant Haematologist, Department of Hematology‐Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
Marco Das, MD, PhD, MBA
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
Alun H. Davies, MA, DM, DSc, FRCS, FHEA, FEBVS, FACPh
Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, UK
Kerstin de Wit, MBChB, BSc, MSc, MD
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
C.E.A. Dronkers, MD
Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Emmanuel J. Favaloro, BSc (Hons), MAIMS, PhD, FFSc (RCPA)
Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Pathology West, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
David Fitzmaurice, MBChB, MRCGP, MD, FRCGP
Professor of Cardiorespiratory Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Lauren Floyd, MBBS, MRCP
Core Trainee, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
Massimo Franchini, MD
Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy
Emma Gee, BSc
Nurse Consultant, Thrombosis and Anticoagulation, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Francesca Gianniello, MD
A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda ‐ Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Carlos J. Guevara, MD
Interventional Radiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
Paul Hahn, MD, PhD
Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
Dan Horner, BA, MBBS, MD, PgCert, MRCP (UK) FCEM FFICM
Consultant in Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
M.V. Huisman, MD
Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Francesca Jones, MBBS, MRCP, FRCPath
Haematology consultant
Department of Haematology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwick, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
David Keeling, BSc MD FRCP FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist, Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
Dianne Patricia Kitchen
Point of Care, UK NEQAS for Blood Coagulation, Sheffield, UK
F.A. Klok, MD, PhD
Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Dawn Kyle, BSC, RGN
Team Leader, Glasgow and Clyde Anticoagulation Service, Glasgow, UK
Kathryn Lang, MBBS, MRCP(UK)
King’s Thrombosis Centre, Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, London
Will Lester, MBChB, BSc, FRCP, FRCPath, PhD
Haematology Consultant
Department of Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Giuseppe Lippi, MD
Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Molly W. Mandernach, MD, MPH, FACP
University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Ida Martinelli, MD, PhD
A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda ‐ Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Paul Monagle, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, FRCPA, FCCP
Department of Clinical Haematology & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne Royal Children’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
Kathy Macintosh, BSc
Team Leader, Glasgow and Clyde Anticoagulation Service, Glasgow, UK
Alison Moughton
Anticoagulant Nurse Specialist
Department of Haematology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Simon Noble, MBBS, MD, FRCP
Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
Serena M. Passamonti, MD, PhD
A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda ‐ Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Jignesh Patel, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London & King’s Thrombosis Centre, Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
Demosthenes G. Papamatheakis, MD
University of California, San Diego, USA
Catherine Nelson Piercy, PhD, FRCP, FRCOG
Professor of Obstetric Medicine, Women’s Health Academic Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
Anita Rajasekhar, MD, MS
University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Gill Parmilan, MBBS, MRCP
Core Trainee, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
Peter E. Rose, BSc(Hons), PhD
Consultant Haematologist, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire Foundation Trust, UK
Linda Smith, RGN/BSC
Team Leader, Glasgow and Clyde Anticoagulation Service, Glasgow, UK
Scott M. Stevens, MD
Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, and Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
R. Campbell Tait, MBChB, FRCPSG, FRCPath
Honorary Professor of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Haematology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Jecko Thachil, MBBS, MD, MRCP, FRCPath
Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
Suresh Vedantham, MD
Interventional Radiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
Henry G. Watson, MD, FRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist and Honorary Professor of Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
Christian Weimar, MD
Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Duisburg‐Essen, Germany
Joachim E. Wildberger, MD, PhD
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
Scott C. Woller, MD
Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, and Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Wenlan Zhang, MD
Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is ubiquitous in both primary and secondary care, and therefore, having a clear understanding of the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of this condition is important. However, remaining up to date with this rapidly changing field is a challenge for the non‐expert.
Over the last 20 years, the management of VTE has undergone a paradigm shift. Investigation and diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and, in recent years, pulmonary embolism (PE), has moved from an in‐patient setting into well‐defined out‐patient pathways. Warfarin, the mainstay of treatment for venous thrombosis for over 70 years, is rapidly being replaced by use of direct oral anticoagulants, a new class of drugs which have their own characteristics and challenges. Finally, when once all patients would have received six months of anticoagulation following a VTE, patients are now risk‐stratified, using a combination of both laboratory and demographic markers, demonstrating that a single duration of anticoagulation cannot be universally applied.
In addition to changes in VTE management, the prevention of VTE in hospital inpatients has become paramount in recent years, with the realisation that a significant number of thromboses occur as a result of hospital admission. Prevention strategies have reached the top of national health agendas, and remain a significant focus of safe patient care. Implementing effective VTE prevention strategies can be a significant challenge for healthcare professionals who may not have a primary role in VTE.
The purpose of this book is to provide all healthcare professionals involved in VTE with an easy‐to‐use tool, written by experts in the field, which summarises the most effective strategies for VTE investigation, diagnosis, management and prevention. We hope it can also be a practical reference for all those involved in the care of patients with VTE, both in its treatment and prevention.