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Introduction to Hydrogen Technology

 

Second Edition

K.S.V. Santhanam

School of Chemistry and Materials Science,
Rochester Institute of Technology, USA

 

Roman J. Press

School of Chemistry and Materials Science,
Rochester Institute of Technology, USA

 

Massoud J. Miri

School of Chemistry and Materials Science,
Rochester Institute of Technology, USA

 

Alla V. Bailey

School of Chemistry and Materials Science,
Rochester Institute of Technology, USA

 

Gerald A. Takacs

School of Chemistry and Materials Science,
Rochester Institute of Technology, USA

 

 

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Preface

Hydrogen gas continues to occupy a unique place in the world as it possesses properties that other elements do not. Consequently, scientists and engineers have been working on using it for improving the existing technology. The scientific literature on hydrogen technology is astronomically growing with the result that a large number of hydrogen-powered devices have entered the market and are being used in mobile phones, laptops, automobiles, utility vehicles, and so on. In addition, fuel cells have been developed to produce stationary power in a number of countries; it is predicted that the utilization will grow to 1.25 million fuel cells in the next 5 years.

The second edition of this book is to keep pace with the above developments and contains updated information on renewable energies, world petroleum production, and greenhouse gases. The new generation of solar cells is included in this book. Each chapter of the first edition is updated by including new developments. Of particular importance is fuel value of biodiesels, solid carbon fuel cells that is being considered for new developments, new Nafion membranes produced by grafting for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, improved electrode materials for molten carbonate, and solid oxide fuel cells. The chapter on hydrogen technology is modified to address infrastructure technology.

Two new chapters—Hydrogen Production and Batteries—are added in this edition. The Hydrogen Production chapter reviews the various developments in improving the water decomposition efficiency and the resulting environmental impact factor. In this chapter, nine different methods of hydrogen production are considered, which, hopefully, will lower the cost of hydrogen. The Batteries chapter is included to provide a deeper examination of how hydrogen is used as a fuel in a fuel cell to generate electricity. With battery, electricity is generated from the stored energy. In essence, both are generating electricity for practical applications. Hence, for comparison of the chemistries involved in the two ways of generating electricity, this chapter hopefully will stimulate the reader for appreciating the suitability of the two methods toward fulfilling the greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere.

In the first edition, it was mentioned that UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change had been enforcing the need to reduce the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The second phase (2013–2020) of Kyoto agreement has begun, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Change (UNFCC) passed a resolution in Paris in 2015 (http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php) to stabilize the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere such that there would be minimum interference with the climatic system. The hydrogen technology can go a long way to fulfilling this goal.

Finally, this book, if it is used as a textbook for a course, contains problems at the end of each chapter.

The authors thank Profs. Paul Craig and Sophia Maggelakis for their support in bringing out this edition.

K.S.V. Santhanam, Roman J. Press, Massoud J. Miri, Alla V. Bailey, and Jerry A. Takacs
June 3, 2017,
Rochester, NY

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