All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Feng-Shou Xiao and Liang Wang to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Office(s)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial Office
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Yong Cao Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, China
Sheng Dai Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, USA
Chi-Linh Do-Thanh Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, USA
Atsushi Fukuoka Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Japan
Emiel J.M. Hensen Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Xiaoming Huang Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Hirokazu Kobayashi Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Japan
Jiechen Kong Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, China
Tamás I. Korányi Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Changzhi Li State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Guangyi Li State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Ning Li State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Shu-Shuang Li Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, China
Xin-Hao Li School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Yao Lin Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, USA
Fei Liu State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Fujian Liu Department of Chemistry, Shaoxing University, China
Yong-Mei Liu Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, China
Zhicheng Luo Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, China
Xiangju Meng Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, China
Jifeng Pang State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Abhijit Shrotri Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Japan
Hui Su School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Lei Tao Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, China
Noritatsu Tsubaki Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Japan
Aiqin Wang State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Hong-Hui Wang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Liang Wang Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, China
Yanqin Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, China
Liubi Wu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, China
Qineng Xia Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, China
Feng-Shou Xiao Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, China
Chuang Xing School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, China
Jinming Xu State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Shaodan Xu Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, China
Guohui Yang Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Japan
Ruiqin Yang School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, China
Tao Zhang State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Chen Zhao Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, China
Tian-Jian Zhao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Xiaochen Zhao State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Mingyuan Zheng State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Xiang Zhu Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, USA
Series Preface
Renewable resources, their use and modification are involved in a multitude of important processes with a major influence on our everyday lives. Applications can be found in the energy sector, paints and coatings, and the chemical, pharmaceutical, and textile industry, to name but a few.
The area interconnects several scientific disciplines (agriculture, biochemistry, chemistry, technology, environmental sciences, forestry …), which makes it very difficult to have an expert view on the complicated interaction. Therefore, the idea to create a series of scientific books that will focus on specific topics concerning renewable resources, has been very opportune and can help to clarify some of the underlying connections in this area.
In a very fast changing world, trends are not only characteristic for fashion and political standpoints; science is also not free from hypes and buzzwords. The use of renewable resources is again more important nowadays; however, it is not part of a hype or a fashion. As the lively discussions among scientists continue about how many years we will still be able to use fossil fuels – opinions ranging from 50 to 500 years – they do agree that the reserve is limited and that it is essential not only to search for new energy carriers but also for new material sources.
In this respect, renewable resources are a crucial area in the search for alternatives for fossil-based raw materials and energy. In the field of energy supply, biomass and renewables-based resources will be part of the solution alongside other alternatives such as solar energy, wind energy, hydraulic power, hydrogen technology, and nuclear energy. In the field of material sciences, the impact of renewable resources will probably be even bigger. Integral utilization of crops and the use of waste streams in certain industries will grow in importance, leading to a more sustainable way of producing materials. Although our society was much more (almost exclusively) based on renewable resources centuries ago, this disappeared in the Western world in the nineteenth century. Now it is time to focus again on this field of research. However, it should not mean a “retour à la nature,” but it should be a multidisciplinary effort on a highly technological level to perform research towards new opportunities, to develop new crops and products from renewable resources. This will be essential to guarantee a level of comfort for a growing number of people living on our planet. It is “the” challenge for the coming generations of scientists to develop more sustainable ways to create prosperity and to fight poverty and hunger in the world. A global approach is certainly favoured.
This challenge can only be dealt with if scientists are attracted to this area and are recognized for their efforts in this interdisciplinary field. It is, therefore, also essential that consumers recognize the fate of renewable resources in a number of products.
Furthermore, scientists do need to communicate and discuss the relevance of their work. The use and modification of renewable resources may not follow the path of the genetic engineering concept in view of consumer acceptance in Europe. Related to this aspect, the series will certainly help to increase the visibility of the importance of renewable resources. Being convinced of the value of the renewables approach for the industrial world, as well as for developing countries, I was myself delighted to collaborate on this series of books focusing on different aspects of renewable resources. I hope that readers become aware of the complexity, the interaction and interconnections, and the challenges of this field and that they will help to communicate on the importance of renewable resources.
I certainly want to thank the people of Wiley's Chichester office, especially David Hughes, Jenny Cossham and Lyn Roberts, in seeing the need for such a series of books on renewable resources, for initiating and supporting it, and for helping to carry the project to the end.
Last, but not least, I want to thank my family, especially my wife Hilde and children Paulien and Pieter-Jan, for their patience and for giving me the time to work on the series when other activities seemed to be more inviting.
Christian V. Stevens,
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
Ghent University, Belgium
Series Editor ‘Renewable Resources’
June 2005
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the constant encouragement and financial support (NO. 91634201, 21333009, 21403192, 91645105, and U1462202) to our investigation in Nanoporous Catalyst Synthesis and Biomass Conversion.
We are also grateful to Shagun Chaudhary and Emma Strickland, from Wiley, whose great patience was much appreciated in ‘polishing’ the text of the book.