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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Englar, Ryane E., author.

Title: Performing the small animal physical examination / Ryane E. Englar.

Subjects: | MESH: Physical Examination–veterinary | Veterinary Medicine–methods | Cats | Dogs

Classification: LCC SF772.5 (ebook) | LCC SF772.5 .E54 2017 (print) | NLM SF 772.5 | DDC 636.089/6075–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017025865

Cover image: Courtesy of Ryane E. Englar

Cover design by Wiley

CONTENTS

About the Author

Preface

Acknowledgements

Part One Performing the Feline Physical Examination

1: Setting the Stage: Feline-Friendly Practice
1. 1.1 Challenges Faced in Feline Practice
2. 1.2 The Emergence of Feline-Friendly Practice
3. 1.3 Key Principles of Feline-Friendly Practice
4. 1.4 The Role of Sound
5. 1.5 The Role of Tactile Stimulation
6. 1.6 The Role of Scent
7. 1.7 The Role of Advance Preparation
8. 1.8 Examination Room Etiquette: Accessing the Cat
9. 1.9 Recognizing Body Language
10. 1.10 Feline-Friendly Handling
11. 1.11 Other Feline Handling Tools
12. References
2: Assessing the Big Picture: the Body, the Coat, and the Skin of the Cat
1. 2.1 Forms of Identification
2. 2.2 Body Condition Scoring
3. 2.3 Assessing Hydration
4. 2.4 Inspecting the Coat: First Impressions
5. 2.5 Identifying Coat Colors and Coat Patterns
6. 2.6 Assessing Coat Quality
7. 2.7 Inspecting the Skin
8. References
3: Examining the Head of the Cat
1. 3.1 Skull Shape and Facial Symmetry
2. 3.2 The Eyes and Accessory Visual Structures
3. 3.3 The Ears
4. 3.4 The Nose
5. 3.5 The Extra-Oral Examination
6. 3.6 The Intra-Oral Examination
7. References
4: Examining the Endocrine and Lymphatic Systems of the Cat
1. 4.1 Evaluating the Thyroid Gland
2. 4.2 Assessing the Lymphatic System
3. References
5: Examining the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems of the Cat
1. 5.1 The Cardiac Patient
2. 5.2 Assessing the Cardiovascular System Prior to Auscultation
3. 5.3 Cardiothoracic Auscultation
4. 5.4 The Respiratory Patient
5. 5.5 Assessing the Respiratory System Prior to Auscultation
6. 5.6 Understanding Normal Airway Sounds
7. 5.7 Ausculting the Airway
8. 5.8 Understanding Adventitious Airway Sounds
9. 5.9 Using Airway Sounds to Corroborate Percussive Findings
10. 5.10 Purring as an Obstruction to Auscultation
11. References
6: Examining the Abdominal Cavity of the Cat
1. 6.1 Overview of the Digestive Tract as It Pertains to Presenting Complaints
2. 6.2 The Esophagus
3. 6.3 Visual Inspection of the Abdomen
4. 6.4 Superficial Palpation of the Abdomen
5. 6.5 Deep Palpation of the Abdomen
6. 6.6 The Upper Urinary Tract
7. 6.7 The Lower Urinary Tract
8. 6.8 The Male Reproductive Tract
9. 6.9 The Female Reproductive Tract
10. 6.10 Being Presented with a Female of Unknown Sexual Status
11. 6.11 Neonates
12. References
7: Examining the Musculoskeletal System of the Cat
1. 7.1 Muscle Condition Score (MCS)
2. 7.2 The Skeleton as a Whole
3. 7.3 The Appendicular Skeleton: The Forelimb
4. 7.4 The Appendicular Skeleton:  The Hind Limb
5. References
8: Evaluating the Nervous System of the Cat
1. 8.1 Assessing Behavior and Mental Status
2. 8.2 Assessing Posture
3. 8.3 Assessing Coordination and Gait
4. 8.4 Assessing Postural Reactions
5. 8.5 Assessing for Other Abnormal Movements
6. 8.6 Evaluating the Spinal Reflexes
7. 8.7 Assessing the Cranial Nerves
8. 8.8 Assessing Nociception
9. References

Part Two Performing the Canine Physical Examination

9: Setting the Stage: Canine-Friendly Practice and Low-Stress Handling
1. 9.1 Challenges Faced in Canine Practice
2. 9.2 The Concept of Low-Stress Handling
3. 9.3 White Coat Syndrome
4. 9.4 The Role of Scent
5. 9.5 The Role of Advance Preparation
6. 9.6 Examination Room Etiquette: Setting the Tone for Initial Veterinary Interactions with the Dog
7. 9.7 Recognizing Body Language
8. 9.8 Creative Approaches to Challenging Interactions with Canine Patients
9. 9.9 Other Canine Handling Tools
10. References
10: Assessing the Big Picture: the Body, the Coat, and the Skin of the Dog
1. 10.1 Forms of Identification
2. 10.2 Body Condition Scoring
3. 10.3 Assessing Hydration
4. 10.4 Breed Designation
5. 10.5 Inspecting the Coat: First Impressions
6. 10.6 Identifying Coat Colors and Coat Patterns
7. 10.7 Assessing Coat Quality
8. 10.8 Inspecting the Skin
9. 10.9 Primary Skin Lesions
10. 10.10 Secondary Skin Lesions
11. 10.11 Miscellaneous Skin Lesions
12. 10.12 Hyperkeratosis
13. 10.13 Skin Folds
14. 10.14 Nails and Paw Pads
15. 10.15 Skin Incisions
16. 10.16 Mammary Glands
17. References
11: Examining the Head of the Dog
1. 11.1 Skull Shape: Function Versus Cosmesis
2. 11.2 Facial symmetry
3. 11.3 The Eyes and Accessory Visual Structures
4. 11.4 The Ears
5. 11.5 The Nose
6. 11.6 The Extra-Oral Examination
7. 11.7 The Intra-Oral Examination
8. References
12: Examining the Endocrine and Lymphatic Systems of the Dog
1. 12.1 Thyroid Gland Neoplasia in the Dog
2. 12.2 The Typical Presentation of Thyroid Gland Neoplasia in the Dog
3. 12.3 The Pathophysiology of Hypothyroidism
4. 12.4 The Typical Presentation of a Hypothyroid Dog
5. 12.5 The Atypical Presentation of a Hypothyroid Dog
6. 12.6 Assessing the Lymphatic System
7. 12.7 Examining the Submandibular Lymph Nodes
8. 12.8 Examining the Superficial Cervical or Pre-Scapular Lymph Nodes
9. 12.9 Examining the Popliteal  Lymph Nodes
10. 12.10 Feeling for Lymph Nodes That Should Not Be Present
11. References
13: Examining the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems of the Dog
1. 13.1 Congenital Heart Disease in the Dog
2. 13.2 Acquired Heart Disease in the Dog
3. 13.3 Assessing the Cardiovascular System Prior to Auscultation
4. 13.4 Cardiothoracic Auscultation
5. 13.5 The Respiratory Patient
6. 13.6 Understanding Normal Airway Sounds
7. 13.7 Ausculting the Airway
8. 13.8 Understanding Adventitious Airway Sounds
9. 13.9 Panting as an Obstruction to Auscultation
10. References
14: Examining the Abdominal Cavity of the Dog
1. 14.1 Overview of the Digestive Tract
2. 14.2 The Esophagus
3. 14.3 Visual Inspection of the Abdomen
4. 14.4 Auscultion and Superficial Palpation of the Abdomen
5. 14.5 The Upper Urinary Tract
6. 14.6 The Lower Urinary Tract
7. 14.7 The Male Reproductive Tract
8. 14.8 The Female Reproductive Tract
9. 14.9 Being Presented with a Female of Unknown Sexual Status
10. 14.10 Neonates
11. References
15: Examining the Musculoskeletal System of the Dog
1. 15.1 Muscle Condition Score (MCS)
2. 15.2 The Skeleton as a Whole
3. 15.3 The Appendicular Skeleton:  The Forelimb
4. 15.4 The Appendicular Skeleton:  The Hind Limb
5. References
16: Evaluating the Nervous System of the Dog
1. 16.1 Assessing Behavior and  Mental Status
2. 16.2 Assessing Posture
3. 16.3 Assessing Coordination and Gait
4. 16.4 Assessing Postural Reactions
5. 16.5 Assessing for Other Abnormal Movements
6. 16.6 Evaluating the Spinal Reflexes
7. 16.7 Assessing the Cranial Nerves
8. 16.8 Assessing Nociception
9. References

Index

EULA