Cover
Title Page
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section 1: Entrepreneurship: Theory and Research: 1a: Understanding Entrepreneurship
1. 1: A Future of Entrepreneurship Research: Domain, Data, Theory, and Impact
  1. Introduction
  2. Narrowing and Broadening the Field
  3. Richer, Better, and More Varied Data
  4. The Quest for Increased Theoretical Precision
  5. Increased Demands for Practical Relevance
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
  8. Notes
2. 2: Entrepreneurship as a Process: Empirical Evidence for Entrepreneurial Engagement Levels
  1. Introduction
  2. Merits of Entrepreneurship as a Process
  3. Three Stylized Facts
  4. Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Research
  5. References
3. 3: Types and Roles of Productive Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Study
  1. Introduction
  2. Typologies and Types
  3. Entrepreneurial Roles
  4. Intermediary Effects and Final Contributions
  5. Causal Chains per Main Type of Entrepreneurship: A Synthesis
  6. Discussion and Conclusions
  7. References
  8. Notes
4. 4: Toward a Theory of Entrepreneurial Behavior
  1. Introduction
  2. The Current State of Entrepreneurial Behavior Scholarship
  3. (Re)defining Entrepreneurial Behavior
  4. The Role of Behavior in Existing Theories and Frameworks
  5. A Theory of Enterpreneurial Behavior
  6. Implications of a Theory of Entrepreneurial Behavior
  7. Toward an Entrepreneurial Behavior Research Agenda
  8. Conclusions
  9. References
  10. Notes
Section 2: The Individual: Psychology of Entrepreneurship
1. 5: The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: A Selective Review and a Path Forward
  1. Introduction
  2. Why Ask Why?
  3. The Personality Approach
  4. The Social Cognition Approach
  5. Entrepreneurial Teams
  6. Toward a More Inclusive Future
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
2. 6: Tools Entrepreneurs Need for Converting Dreams To Reality—And Achieving Success
  1. Introduction
  2. Motivation: What Goals Do Entrepreneurs Seek
  3. Cognitive Tools: Creativity, Opportunity Recognition, and Avoiding Cognitive Traps
  4. The Personal Side of Entrepreneurial Success: Characteristics and Skills That Contribute to Success
  5. The Social Side of Entrepreneurial Success II: Forming High Quality Social Networks and Getting Along With Others
  6. Dealing with Adversity—and Failure
  7. Putting it All Together: The Successful Entrepreneur's Tool Kit
  8. Tools for Changing the World—or at Least Some Corner of it
  9. References
3. 7: Creativity and Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective
  1. Introduction
  2. Creativity and Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Differentiation
  3. The Effect of Creativity on Entrepreneurship
  4. Toward a Cumulative Process Model of Creativity in Entrepreneurship
  5. Key Assumptions of the Cumulative Process Model
  6. A Cumulative Process Model on Creativity in Entrepreneurship
  7. An Interactionist Perspective on Creativity in Entrepreneurship
  8. Practical Implications: Promoting Creativity to Promote Entrepreneurship
  9. Future Research
  10. Conclusion
  11. References
  12. Notes
4. 8: The Dark Side of the Entrepreneurial Personality: Undesirable or Maladaptive Traits and Behaviors Associated with Entrepreneurs
  1. Introduction
  2. Entrepreneurial Personality and Entrepreneurship Outcomes
  3. Future Research on the Dark Side of the Entrepreneurial Personality
  4. Conclusion
  5. References
5. 9: Female Entrepreneurship and IQ
  1. Introduction
  2. Measuring Female Entrepreneurship and IQ
  3. The Model and Data
  4. Regression Results
  5. Conclusions and Policy Implications
  6. References
  7. Appendix A
  8. Appendix B
  9. Acknowledgments
  10. Notes
6. 10: The Person in Social Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review of Research on the Social Entrepreneurial Personality
  1. Introduction
  2. Theoretical Background
  3. Review Approach and Overview of the Reviewed Studies
  4. Review Findings
  5. Discussion and Opportunities for Future Research
  6. References
  7. Acknowledgment
  8. Notes
7. 11: An Individual Differences Approach to Studying Entrepreneurial Tendencies
  1. Introduction
  2. The Pillars of Individual Differences Psychology
  3. The Psychological Approach to Entrepreneurship
  4. A Critical Evaluation of the Psychological Approach to Entrepreneurship
  5. An Individual Differences Approach to Understanding Entrepreneurial Tendencies
  6. Discussion
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
  9. Notes
Section 2a: Genetics of Entrepreneurship
1. 12: Biology and Entrepreneurship
  1. Introduction
  2. Genetics and Entrepreneurship
  3. Hormones in Entrepreneurship
  4. Physiology in Entrepreneurship
  5. Neuroscience in Entrepreneurship
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
  8. Notes
2. 13: “Born, Not Made” and Other Beliefs About Entrepreneurial Ability
  1. Introduction
  2. “Born, Not Made”: Beliefs and Evidence
  3. Understanding How People Think About Entrepreneurs
  4. Implications of Belief in Born-Not-Made
  5. Discussion
  6. References
  7. Acknowledgments
  8. Notes
Section 3: The Organization: Corporate Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Teams: 3a: The Organization
1. 14: Corporate Entrepreneurship & Innovation: Today's Leadership Challenge
  1. Introduction
  2. What Constitutes the Domain of Corporate Entrepreneurship?
  3. The Importance of a Climate Conducive for Innovative Activity
  4. Managerial Levels and Contributions to Entrepreneurial Efforts
  5. Ingredients for an Effective Corporate Entrepreneurial Strategy
  6. Challenges with Implementation of Corporate Entrepreneurship
  7. Future Expectations
  8. References
Section 3b: Entrepreneurial Teams
1. 15: Unraveling the Black Box of New Venture Team Processes
  1. Introduction
  2. The New Venture Team as a Focal Object of Inquiry
  3. Disentangling NVT “Processes” in the Input-Processes-Outcome Framework
  4. Toward a Framework for Studying NVT Processes
  5. Selected Theories Within the Theoretical Foundations
  6. Measuring New Venture Team Processes
  7. Concluding Remarks
  8. References
  9. Notes
Section 4: National and International Entrepreneurship: 4a: National Entrepreneurship
1. 16: The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship and the Strategic Management of Places
  1. Introduction
  2. The Challenge of Inequality of Places
  3. The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship
  4. Emergence of a Strategic Management Approach of Place
  5. Conclusions
  6. References
2. 17: The Effect of New Business Formationon Regional Development
  1. Introduction
  2. The Basic Relationships
  3. The Magnitude of Direct and Indirect Effects
  4. Differences in the Contribution of New Business Formation to Economic Growth Across Industries and Regions
  5. The Persistence of Regional Entrepreneurship
  6. Policy Implications
  7. Avenues for Further Research
  8. Final Remarks
  9. References
  10. Notes
3. 18: National Culture and Entrepreneurship
  1. Introduction
  2. Method
  3. Conceptualization of National Culture in Entrepreneurship Research
  4. Summary
  5. Directions for Future Research
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
4. 19: Management of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
  1. Introduction
  2. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Definitions and Policy Challenges
  3. Management of Complex Socioecological Ecosystems
  4. Scottish Innovation-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
  5. Discussion
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
  8. Notes
Section 4b: International Entrepreneurship
1. 20: International Entrepreneurship and Networks
  1. Introduction
  2. International Entrepreneurship: Definition
  3. Network Perspective
  4. Networks and International Entrepreneurship
  5. Theoretical Basis: Intersection of International Entrepreneurship Networks Research
  6. Practical Implications
  7. Future Research
  8. Conclusion
  9. References
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 3
1. Table 3.1 Entrepreneurship dimensions (dichotomies).
2. Table 3.2 Main entrepreneurship types x major entrepreneurial roles.
3. Table 3.3 Entrepreneurial roles x intermediate effects.
4. Table 3.4 Intermediate linkages x final (economic and societal) contributions.
Chapter 6
1. Table 6.1 Cognitive errors with important consequences for entrepreneurs.
2. Table 6.2 Key ingredients in entrepreneurial success—an incomplete list.
Chapter 7
1. Table 7.1 Empirical results on the role of creativity in entrepreneurial success in the three phases of the entrepreneurial process.
Chapter 9
1. Table 9.1 Summary statistics.
2. Table 9.2 Correlations.
3. Table 9.3 Regression results. Dependent variable: Female Entrepreneur Index.
4. Table 9.4 Robustness results.
Chapter 10
1. Table 10.1 Overview of review findings.
2. Table 10.2 Summary of recommendations for future research.
Chapter 15
1. Table 15.1 Summarized presentation of the theories (and research streams) with potential for further insights in NVT processes.
Chapter 18
1. Table 18.1 Approaches to national culture in entrepreneurship.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1
1. Figure 1.1 Use of “theory” and its derivatives in Journal of Business Venturing articles over time.
Chapter 3
1. Figure 3.1 The entrepreneurship domain.
2. Figure 3.2 Exploration and exploitation as successive phases of the cycle of innovation.
3. Figure 3.3 Roles, intermediate effects and final contributions of ambitious innovators.
4. Figure 3.4 Roles, intermediate effects and final contributions of ambitious replicators/adapters.
5. Figure 3.5 Roles, intermediate effects, and final contributions of solo self-employed.
6. Figure 3.6 Roles, intermediate effects, and final contributions of managerial employers.
Chapter 4
1. Figure 4.1 Model of entrepreneurial behavior.
Chapter 7
1. Figure 7.1 A cumulative process model on the changing role of divergent and convergent thinking throughout the entrepreneurial process.
Chapter 15
1. Figure 15.1 Team formation and prefounding phase through entrepreneurial theorizing and selected theories.
2. Figure 15.2 Team evolution and functioning and postfounding phase through entrepreneurial subjectivism and selected theories.
Chapter 16
1. Figure 16.1 Framework for the strategic management of places.
Chapter 17
1. Figure 17.1 Direct and indirect effects of new businesses on growth.
2. Figure 17.2 New firm formation and the market process.
3. Figure 17.3 Evolution of employment and survival rates in entry cohorts in West Germany, 1976–2004.
4. Figure 17.4 Factors that may determine the effect of new business formation on regional development.
Chapter 19
1. Figure 19.1 Process model of the Scottish entrepreneurial ecosystem exercise.
2. Figure 19.2 Scotland versus Arc of Prosperity economies.
Chapter 20
1. Figure 20.1 Intersection of international entrepreneurship and networks research.

Index

a

ability
1. entrepreneurial ecosystems
2. entrepreneurial teams
3. KSTE and place
4. national culture
5. new business and regional development
absorptive capacity
abstraction
academic entrepreneurship
Academy of Management
achievement motivation theory
achievement need
1. social entrepreneurship
adaptive entrepreneurship
adolescent entrepreneurial competence
adoption studies
adversity
affect
Africa
age
1. faultline theory
2. psychology
agent-based modeling (ABM)
agents of change
agglomeration
agreeableness
alertness
Algeria
alliance creation
Amazon
ambidexterity theory
ambitious entrepreneurship
ambitious innovators
ambitious replicators
angel finance
Angola
Apple
Arc of Prosperity
Argentina
artistic personality
Asia
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
attraction, selection, attrition (ASA) theory
attribution process
automobile industry
autonomy
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. personality
3. self-employment
4. social entrepreneurship
5. types of entrepreneurship
Australia
Austria

b

Bangladesh
Barbados
Baron, Robert A.
1. entrepreneurial phases
Baumol, William
Bavaria
behavioral combination
behavioral integration and shared cognition
behavioral repertoire
behavioral selection
behavioral sequence
behavioral stage
behavioral variation
behavior execution
behavior-specific outcomes
Belgium
benchmarking
bias
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. cognitive traps
3. confirmation
4. entrepreneurial teams
5. entrepreneurial tendencies
6. female entrepreneurship and IQ
7. hormone tests
8. optimistic
9. self-serving
10. skills
11. social entrepreneurship
Big Five personality traits (OCEAN)
1. entrepreneurial tendencies
2. genetics
3. social entrepreneurship
Big Six personality traits (HEXACO)
biology
blame
Bolivia
bonding social capital
born globals
Bosnia
Botswana
bottlenecks
boundary conditions
Brazil
bricolage
broad sets of personality dimensions
business freedom
business plans
1. cognitive traps
2. entrepreneurial behavior
business-to-business (B2B)
business-to-consumer (B2C)

c

California Psychological Inventory (CPI)
Canada
candidate-genes
career reasons
Carlson, Chester
characteristics needed
Chile
China
1. KSTE and place
2. national culture
Choice Dilemmas, Questionnaire
Churchill, Winston
clusters and clustering
1. entrepreneurial ecosystems
2. international entrepreneurship
3. management of place
4. personality traits
Cobb-Douglas function
cognition
1. national culture
2. stages
3. tools needed
4. traps and errors
collectivism
1. entrepreneurial ecosystems
collinearity
Colombia
commercialization efficiency hypothesis
community governance
competition and competitiveness
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. creativity
3. entrepreneurial behavior
4. entrepreneurial ecosystems
5. entrepreneurial personality
6. KSTE and place
7. new business and regional development
8. NVT processes
9. roles, effects and contributions
10. social entrepreneurship
11. tools needed
complex socioecological ecosystems
conceptual clarity
confirmation bias
conscientiousness
1. entrepreneurial tendencies
2. social entrepreneurship
context recognition
conventional personality
convergent thinking
corporate entrepreneurship
1. dimensions
2. domain
3. innovation
4. international
5. managerial levels
Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument (CEAI)
corporate venturing
correlation matrix
cortisol
Costa Rica
countries and country differences
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. entrepreneurial ecosystems
3. female entrepreneurship and IQ
4. international entrepreneurship and networks
5. KSTE and place
6. new business and regional development
7. psychology
craftsman entrepreneurship
creation theory
Creative Achievement Questionnaire
creativity
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. characteristics and skills
3. corporate entrepreneurship
4. cumulative process model
5. effect on entrepreneurship
6. entrepreneurial personality
7. entrepreneurial tendencies
8. genetics
9. international entrepreneurship
10. KSTE and place
11. NVT processes
12. opportunity recognition
13. social entrepreneurship
Croatia
cross-sectional designs
crowdfunding
culture
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. conceptualization
3. corporate entrepreneurship
4. entrepreneurial behavior
5. entrepreneurial ecosystems
6. entrepreneurial tendencies
7. female entrepreneurship and IQ
8. national
9. regional
10. social entrepreneurship
cumulative process model
Czech Republic

d

Daimler
data and data sources
1. female entrepreneurship
decision feedback loop
delineation of entrepreneurial research
Denmark
dependent variable (DV)
destructive entrepreneurship
detachment
disability
Disney, Walt
disruptive innovation
divergent thinking
diversity
1. faultline theory
2. information
dominance
dominant survey method
dopamine
dynamic exploitation
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
dyslexia

e

Eastern Europe
economic cycle
Economic Freedom of the World Index (EFWI)
1. data sources
economic growth
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
3. entrepreneurial tendencies
4. female entrepreneurship and IQ
5. final contribution
6. intermediary effects
7. KSTE and place
8. managerial employers
9. new business and regional development
10. solo self-employed
Ecuador
Edison, Thomas
educational attainment
1. data sources
2. entrepreneurial behavior
3. entrepreneurial ecosystems
4. female entrepreneurship and IQ
5. genetics
6. human capital
7. new business and regional development
8. self-employment
9. social entrepreneurship
effectuation
egalitarianism
Egypt
Einstein, Albert
electroencephalography
Eli Lilly
El Salvador
empathy
empirical fact-finding
employees
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. creativity
3. entrepreneurial tendencies
4. productive entrepreneurship
5. social entrepreneurship
employer entrepreneurship
emotionality
emotional stability
enablers and enabling
1. intermediary effects
2. role of entrepreneurs
engagement levels
England
entrepreneurial alertness
entrepreneurial behavior
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. corporate
3. definition
4. differences and tendencies
5. engagement level
6. integration
7. international
8. model
9. national culture
10. NVT processes
11. personality
12. physiology
13. psychology
14. tools needed
15. toward a theory
entrepreneurial ecosystems
1. definition
2. Scottish innovation-based
entrepreneurial exchange
entrepreneurial exiting
entrepreneurial grid
entrepreneurial intensity
Entrepreneurial Intensity Measure
entrepreneurial intentions
1. biology
2. engagement levels
3. national culture
4. personality
entrepreneurial judgment
entrepreneurial ladder
entrepreneurial orientation (EO)
1. ADHD
Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale
Entrepreneurial Scotland
entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE)
entrepreneurial subjectivism
entrepreneurial success
1. personality
entrepreneurial survival see survival
entrepreneurial team collective cognition (ETCC)
entrepreneurial teams see teams
entrepreneurial tendencies
1. genetics
2. hormones
3. physiology
4. redefining
entrepreneurial theorizing
entrepreneurship dichotomies
environmental concerns
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. genetics
3. social entrepreneurship
essentialism
established business ownership
Estonia
Ethiopia
ethnicity see race and ethnicity
Euro crisis
Europe
1. creativity
2. self-employment
exaptation
expectancy theory
experimentation
exploitation of opportunities
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
3. belief in inborn characteristics
4. corporate entrepreneurship
5. creativity
6. dynamic
7. entrepreneurial behavior
8. entrepreneurial tendencies
9. final contribution
10. intermediary effects
11. international entrepreneurship and networking
12. KSTE and place
13. NVT processes
14. social entrepreneurship
15. static
16. see also opportunity recognition
exploration and creation
1. ambitious innovations
2. ambitious replicators
3. final contribution
4. intermediary effects
external corporate ventures (ECVs)
extraversion
1. entrepreneurial tendencies
2. genetics
3. social entrepreneurship

f

Facebook
factors of production
failure
1. cognitive traps
2. corporate entrepreneurship
3. entrepreneurial behavior
4. entrepreneurial ecosystems
5. entrepreneurial personality
6. entrepreneurial tendencies
7. financial cost
8. national culture
9. new business and regional development
10. psychology
11. social costs
12. social entrepreneurship
Faith, Paloma
families
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. entrepreneurial behavior
3. entrepreneurial personality
4. female entrepreneurship and IQ
5. national culture
6. new business and regional development
7. NVT processes
8. social entrepreneurship
9. social networks
fast-thinking effect
faultline theory
1. NVT processes
feedback
1. creativity
2. entrepreneurial behavior
female entrepreneurship and IQ
Female Entrepreneurship Index (FEI)
1. data sources
2. country scores
femininity
final contributions
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
Financing for Growth
Finland
firm and venture growth
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
3. creativity
4. final contribution
5. intermediate effects
Flash Eurobarometer
flexibility
Ford, Henry
foreign direct investment (FDI)
founders and founding
1. entrepreneurial roles
2. entrepreneurial tendencies
3. psychology
4. regional development
5. social entrepreneurship
6. tools needed
founding teams see teams
France
franchise entrepreneurship
freelancers
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

g

Gates, Bill
gazelles
gender
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. country scores
3. data sources
4. entrepreneurial behavior
5. entrepreneurship ecosystems
6. faultline theory
7. female entrepreneurship and IQ
8. hormones
9. national culture
10. psychology
11. self-employment
12. sex ratios
13. social entrepreneurship
genetics
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. essentialism
genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
Germany
1. KSTE and place
2. new business and regional development
Ghana
Global Competitiveness Index
Global Entrepreneurship Development Index (GEDI)
1. entrepreneurial ecosystem
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. female entrepreneurship and IQ
3. national culture
4. new business and regional development
globalization
1. international entrepreneurship
GLOBE 414
goals
1. entrepreneurial behavior
2. psychology
3. self-employment
4. tools needed
Google
Great Britain
Greece
green economy
green entrepreneurship
Griliches’ model
gross domestic product (GDP)
1. entrepreneurial ecosystems
2. female entrepreneurship and IQ
3. see also real GDP per capita (RGDPCAP)
group differences approach
Growth Advantage Programme (GAP)
growth orientation
Guatemala

h

Haier
happiness
harmony
heredity
heuristics
HEXACO personality traits (Big Six)
hierarchy
Hofstede’s model
Holland, John
honesty
hope
hormones
hubris
hubristic pride
human capital (HC)
1. female entrepreneurship and IQ
2. KSTE and place
3. social entrepreneurship
Human Development Index (HDI)
1. data source
human dimension
humility
Hungary

i

Iceland
identity
ill-health
illusion of control
imitative entrepreneurship
immigration status
improvisation
incentives
inclusive economy
income inequality (GINI)
incremental innovation
incumbent entrepreneurship
incumbent firms
1. entrepreneurial tendencies
2. new business
independent entrepreneurship
India
1. national culture
individual differences
1. pillars
individualism
Indonesia
industry/business networks
innovation and innovative entrepreneurship
1. challenges with implementation
2. corporate entrepreneurship
3. creativity
4. disruptive
5. entrepreneurial behavior
6. entrepreneurial ecosystems
7. entrepreneurial personality
8. entrepreneurial tendencies
9. exploitative
10. exploratory
11. incremental
12. intermediary effects
13. international entrepreneurship
14. KSTE and place
15. national culture
16. new business and regional development
17. NVT processes
18. social entrepreneurship
19. types and roles
20. see also radical innovation
input-process-output (IPO) framework
instrumentality
insulin
Integrated Assessment (IA)
Intel
intellectual property rights
1. patents
intelligence quotient (IQ)
1. correlations
2. country scores
3. data sources
4. regression results
5. summary statistics
intermediary effects
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
3. managerial employers
4. solo self-employed
internal corporate ventures (ICVs)
international entrepreneurship (IE)
1. networks
international new ventures (INVs)
International Personality Item Pool (IPIP)
internships
intrapreneurs
intuition
investigative personality
Iran
Ireland
Israel
Italy

j

Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI)
Jamaica
Japan
job creation
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
3. entrepreneurial tendencies
4. final contributions
5. managerial employers
6. new business and regional development
7. solo self-employed
8. types of entrepreneurship
Jobs, Steve
job satisfaction
1. genetics
2. social entrepreneurship
3. solo self-employed
Johnson & Johnson
Jordan, Michael

k

Kirzner, I.
knowledge-based view
1. regional
knowledge filter
Knowledge Production Function (KPF)
knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE)
1. definition
2. inequality of places
3. management of places
4. new business and regional development
Korea
Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD)

l

last is best effect
latent behaviors
latent dimensions
latent entrepreneurship
Latin America
Latvia
launch phase
1. creativity
2. entrepreneurial personality
3. entrepreneurial tendencies
lay theories
leadership
1. creativity
2. entrepreneurial behavior
3. neuroscience
4. NVT processes
5. shared
6. social entrepreneurship
learning feedback loop
Lenovo
level of mastery
1. entrepreneurial behavior
life course
life expectancy
Lithuania
Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
locus of control
1. national culture
2. psychology
3. social entrepreneurship
long-term/short-term orientation
long-term unemployment
Lynn-Vanhanen (LV), IQ data

m

Macedonia
Machiavellianism
macroeconomic growth
macroeconomic productivity
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Malawi
Malaysia
managerial employers
marital status
marketing
Marshall, Alfred
masculinity
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
mastery
mercantilism
metacognition
Mexico
Microsoft
Miller, Danny
mindset
1. corporate entrepreneurship
minimum efficient size
Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI)
mixed methods approach
modest majority
molecular genetics
Montenegro
moral obligation
motivation
1. achievement
2. belief in inborn characteristics
3. corporate entrepreneurship
4. entrepreneurial behavior
5. entrepreneurial ecosystems
6. entrepreneurial tendencies
7. international entrepreneurship
8. national culture
9. new business and regional development
10. NVT processes
11. social entrepreneurship
12. tools needed
multinational enterprises (MNEs)
multiple dimensions
multipolar coordination
Musk, Elon

n

narcissism
nascent entrepreneurship
1. engagement level
2. psychology
necessity entrepreneurship
neoclassical theory
Netherlands
networks and networking
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. entrepreneurial behavior
3. entrepreneurial ecosystems
4. entrepreneurial teams
5. entrepreneurial tendencies
6. gender
7. international entrepreneurship
8. intersection of research
9. perspective
10. race and ethnicity
11. ties
12. see also social networks
neuroscience
neuroticism
new business formation see start-ups
new markets
1. entrepreneurial behavior
new technology-based firms
1. entrepreneurial teams
2. KSTE and place
new venture team (NVT) processes
1. external factors
2. internal factors
New Zealand
Nigeria
nonambitious entrepreneurship
norms and practices
1. national culture
Northern Ireland
Norway
null hypothesis

o

occupational entrepreneurship
OCEAN see Big Five personality traits (OCEAN)
online shopping
openness to change
openness to experience
1. entrepreneurial personality
2. genetics
operationalization
opportunity entrepreneurship
1. processes
opportunity identification
1. creativity
opportunity recognition
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. entrepreneurial tendencies
3. genetics
4. KSTE and place
5. NVT processes
6. see also exploitation of opportunities
optimism
1. entrepreneurial personality
optimistic bias
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
organizational cognitive neuroscience (OCN)
organizational learning
organization and team justice
1. NVT processes
outsiders
1. self-employed
oxytocin

p

Pakistan
Panama
Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED)
1. psychology
2. social entrepreneurship
parental status
passion
path dependency
pattern matching
pattern recognition
PercentMan
1. data sources
persistence
1. new business and regional development
personal computer market
personality
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. creativity
3. dark side
4. entrepreneurial intentions
5. entrepreneurial success
6. entrepreneurial tendencies
7. future research
8. genetics
9. NVT processes
10. reviewed studies
11. review findings
12. social entrepreneurship
13. tools needed
14. see also traits
Peru
phenotypes
physical appearance
physiology
1. genetic influences
Picasso, Pablo
pitching
1. gender
places see strategic management of places
Poland
Portugal
positive affect
PostComm
postfounding phase
1. NVT processes
postlaunch phase
1. creativity
power distance
practical relevance
predictions
1. entrepreneurial tendencies
2. psychology
prefounding phase
1. NVT processes
prelaunch phase
1. creativity
proactivity
1. social entrepreneurship
productive entrepreneurship
productivity and competitiveness
1. ambitious innovators
2. ambitious replicators
3. managerial employers
4. solo self-employed
profit-oriented entrepreneurship
progesterone
Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)
prosocial values
psychological capital
psychology
1. cost of failure
2. critical evaluation
3. entrepreneurial tendencies
4. personality approach
5. social cognition approach
6. teams
psychometric testing
psychopathy

q

quality of entry
quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG)
quantitative genetics

r

race and ethnicity
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. self-employment
radical innovation
1. types of entrepreneurship
real GDP per capita (RGDPCAP)
1. data sources
realistic personality
regional development
1. differences in contributions of new businesses
2. direct and indirect effects
3. basic relationships
4. policy implications
5. relationship to business
Regional Entrepreneurship Acceleration Program (REAP)
regionalization
regions
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. creativity
3. entrepreneurship process
4. entrepreneurship tendencies
5. female entrepreneurs and IQ
6. KSTE and place
7. social entrepreneurship
8. see also regional development
regression models
Relationship Closeness Inventory
religion
replication
replicative entrepreneurship
1. adaptive
research and development (R&D)
1. entrepreneurial ecosystems
2. KSTE and place
3. types
resilience
resource-based view
restaurants
risk-taking
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. creativity
3. entrepreneurial personality
4. entrepreneurial roles
5. entrepreneurial tendencies
6. hormones
7. international entrepreneurship
8. KSTE and place
9. national culture
10. psychology
11. regional entrepreneurship
12. self-employment
13. social entrepreneurship
14. tools needed
Rockefeller, John D.
Rokeach value theory
Romania
Russia
ruthlessness

s

Saltire Foundation
samples and sampling
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. entrepreneurial behavior
3. entrepreneurial personality
4. entrepreneurial teams
5. entrepreneurial tendencies
6. female entrepreneurship and IQ
7. genetics
8. national culture
9. size
10. social entrepreneurship
11. twin studies
Sanders, Colonel Harlan
Saudi Arabia
SCALE
Scandinavia
Schumpeter, Joseph A.
1. new business and regional development
Schwartz’s Value Survey (SVS)
Scotland
1. field trial
2. REAP
self-assurance
self-control
self-determination theory
self-efficacy
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. entrepreneurial personality
3. psychology
4. social entrepreneurship
5. tools needed
self-employment
1. entrepreneurial tendencies
2. female entrepreneurship and IQ
3. new business and regional development
4. outsiders
5. process stages
6. see also solo self-employment
self-esteem
self-regulation
self-serving bias
self-transcendence values
sensation-seeking
sensitivity analysis
separation
serial entrepreneurship
serotonin
Shakespeare, William
Shkreli, Martin
Siemens
Silicon Glen
Silicon Valley
simulation exercises
Singapore
single firm entrepreneurship
single traits
skills
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. corporate entrepreneurship
3. entrepreneurial behavior
4. entrepreneurial ecosystems
5. entrepreneurial process
6. genetics
7. KSTE and place
8. leadership and management
9. new business and regional development
10. NVT processes
11. social entrepreneurship
12. tools needed
13. types of entrepreneurship
Slovakia
Slovenia
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
small businesses
social capital
1. international entrepreneurship
social class
social cognition
social costs of failure
social entrepreneurship
1. future research
2. personality
3. review findings
social esteem
social exclusion
social networks
1. creativity
2. NVT processes
3. teams
4. tools needed
social personality
societal problems
sociocognitive grid
socioecological systems
solo self-employed
1. dimensions
2. domain
3. types of entrepreneurship
Solow, Robert
South Africa
Spain
spatial and organizational dimension
stakeholders
1. consultation
2. participation
3. Scotland
start-ups
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. enabling
3. entrepreneurial behavior
4. entrepreneurial ecosystems
5. entrepreneurial roles
6. entrepreneurial tendencies
7. evolution of employment and survival
8. exploration and creation
9. female entrepreneurship and IQ
10. final contributions
11. international entrepreneurship
12. KSTE and place
13. national culture
14. physiology
15. process
16. psychology
17. regional development
18. social entrepreneurship
19. teams
20. types of entrepreneurship
static exploitation
statistical significance
stereotypes
strategic entrepreneurship
strategic management of places
1. KSTE and place
2. challenge of inequality
3. emergence of approach
stress
substance misuse
sunk costs
survey instruments improvement
survival of ventures
1. creativity
2. final contributions
3. intermediary effects
4. managerial employers
5. regional development
6. solo self-employment
7. tools needed
Sweden
Switzerland
systematic process analysis

t

Taiwan
teams
1. belief in inborn characteristics
2. corporate entrepreneurship
3. divergent and convergent thinking
4. entrepreneurial behavior
5. entrepreneurial personality
6. new venture processes
7. psychology
8. tools needed
testosterone
Thailand
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
theoretical precision
theory of planned behavior (TPB)
Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
tightness
tools needed
1. cognitive
2. successful kit
training
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. creativity
3. entrepreneurial behavior
traits
1. activation theory
2. entrepreneurial tendencies
3. inventories
4. latent dimensions
5. national culture
6. NVT processes
7. psychology
8. single
9. social entrepreneurship
10. see also personality
transaction cost economics (TCE)
transactive memory systems (TMS)
1. NVT processes
transition ratio
Trinidad
Truman, President Harry S.
Tunisia
Turkey
twin studies

u

Uganda
uncertainty avoidance
unemployment
unicorns
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
United Kingdom (UK)
1. entrepreneurial ecosystems
2. KSTE and place
United States of America (USA)
1. corporate entrepreneurship
2. creativity
3. entrepreneurial ecosystems
4. entrepreneurial processes
5. entrepreneurial teams
6. female entrepreneurship and IQ
7. KSTE and place
8. national culture
9. new business and regional development
10. NVT processes
11. psychology
12. social entrepreneurship
universities
1. new business and regional development
2. Scotland
unproductive entrepreneurship
urbanization
Uruguay
user entrepreneurs

v

valence
values
1. national culture
Vanderbilt, Cornelius
Venezuela
venture capital
1. creativity
2. entrepreneurial ecosystems
3. NVT processes
4. tools needed
venture growth see firm and venture growth
venture outcomes
Vietnam

w

Wales
Walton, Sam
wealth redistribution
West, Mae
World Bank Ease of Doing Business ranking
world-changing tools
World Economic Forum

y

Yerkes-Dodson Law
young business ownership

z

Zambia