FOURTH EDITION
Volume 2: D–J
Edited by
Cecil R. Reynolds, Kimberly J. Vannest, and Elaine Fletcher-Janzen
Cover design: Wiley
Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Encyclopedia of special education: a reference for the education of children, adolescents, and adults with disabilities and other exceptional individuals / edited by Cecil R. Reynolds, Kimberly J. Vannest, and Elaine Fletcher-Janzen.—Fourth edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-470-64216-0 (set); ISBN 978-0-470-94938-2 (v. 1); ISBN 978-0-470-94939-9 (v. 2); ISBN 978-0-470-94940-5 (v. 3); ISBN 978-0-470-94941-2 (v. 4); 978-1-118-62830-0 (ebk.); 978-1-118-62845-4 (ebk.); 978-1-118-66058-4 (ebk.).
1. Children with disabilities—Education—United States—Encyclopedias. 2. Special education—United States—Encyclopedias. 3. People with disabilities—Education—United States—Encyclopedias. I. Reynolds, Cecil R., 1952– editor of compilation. II. Vannest, Kimberly J., 1967– ; editor of compilation. III. Fletcher-Janzen, Elaine, editor of compilation.
LC4007.E53 2013
371.903—dc23
2012048628
Heather Davis
Texas A&M University
Letters A–M
Heather Hatton
Texas A&M University
Letters N–Z
Frank E. Vannest
San Pasqual High School, Retired
Letters A–Z
Contributing Editors
Heather Peshak George
University of South Florida
Positive Behavior supports
Richard Parker
Texas A&M University
Single Case Research
John Davis
Texas A&M University
Single Case Research
Ben Mason
Juniper Gardens, University of Kansas
Gifted and Talented
Mary Wagner
Principal Scientist in the Center for Education and Human Services
Longitudinal Studies
Stacey Smith
Texas A&M University
Reading
Ron Dumont
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Assessments
John O. Willis
Rivier College
Assessments
Kathleen Viezel
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Assessments
Jamie Zibulsky
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Assessments
Mary Capraro
Texas A&M University
Mathematics
Jennifer Ganz
Texas A&M University
Autism
Dalun Zhang
Texas A&M University
Transition
Mitchell Yell
University of South Carolina
Legal Issues in Special Education
Dave Edyburn
University of Wisconsin
Assistive Technology
Sandra Lewis
Florida State University
Visual Impairments
Pat Scherer
International Center on Deafness and the Arts
Deaf Education
Amanda Chow
Texas A&M University
Biographies and Autobiographies
Lauren Williams
Texas A&M University
Organizations and Publications
Rose Mason
Juniper Gardens, University of Kansas
Intelligence
Nancy Hutchins
Texas A&M University
Behavior