This edition first published 2020
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Name: Srivastava, Prabhat Kumar, 1983– editor.
Title: Pesticides in crop production : physiological and biochemical action
/ edited by Prabhat Kumar Srivastava, Department of Botany, KS Saket PG
College, Ayodhya, Faizabad [and 6 others].
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020.
| Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019047699 (print) | LCCN 2019047700 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119432197 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119432203 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119432234 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Pesticides – Analysis. | Pesticides – Environmental aspects.
| Pesticides – Toxicology. | Agricultural pests – Control.
Classification: LCC SB951 .P44425 2020 (print) | LCC SB951 (ebook) | DDC
363.17/92 – dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019047699
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019047700
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: Farmer spraying pesticide © venusvi/Shutterstock,
Blue sky © Jong‐Won Heo/Getty Images
Pesticides have had a tremendous role in enhancing productivity and yield of crops prominently after the second half of the twentieth century. Most of the countries across the world are observing newer heights in total as well as specific crop production despite the fact that the agricultural fields are being used in non‐agrarian tasks like the construction of roads, railways, industries and buildings for human settlements. A massive extent of credit goes to use of agrochemicals in general and pesticides in particular. Increasing human population and constricting agricultural lands do not permit us to give up the use of pesticides and to switch over completely towards organic farming. Additionally, development in industries and agriculture are taken as a general criterion for development of any country. This has resulted into imprudent and unlimited usage of agrochemicals in our farmlands leading to disturbance in abiotic as well as biotic components of soil and water ecosystem and culminating into ecological imbalance.
Pesticides are the only toxic chemicals deliberately released into the environment in large amounts. Some of the pesticides (organochlorines) are biomagnified in the terrestrial ecosystems, so they were banned worldwide. The organophosphorus pesticides were introduced in the 1970s as replacements for the persistent organochlorines. The increased use of organophosphorus pesticides originally seen as lesser threat to the environment but by the time organophosphorus pesticides have become a serious environmental concern due to their high acute toxicity despite their low persistence. Since most of the pesticides are non‐biodegradable, they have long residence time in water and soil and thus may enter and magnify at various trophic levels. Excessive and imprudent usage of pesticides not only saturates the soil but also intoxicates the crops by harming their overall physiology and biochemistry. In addition to this, non‐target organisms that are important components of the soil ecosystem like soil microbes, bacteria, fungi and blue green algae (privileged to be associated with atmospheric nitrogen fixation, fertility of the soil and nutrient recycling) may be harmed, which may indirectly affect the productivity and food security.
This book titled ‘Pesticides in Crop Production: Physiological and Biochemical Action’ is an important contribution towards understanding mode of pesticide action in plants, pesticide metabolism in soil microbes, plants and animals, bioaccumulation of pesticides, sensitiveness of microbiome towards pesticides and consequent risk assessment, development of pesticide resistance in pests, microbial remediation of pesticide intoxicated legumes, pesticide toxicity amelioration in plants by plant hormones. This book also encompasses eco‐friendly pest management, transgenic strategies to develop resistant plant against the pathogen and pest and impact of pesticide on food stuffs and human health. Analysis of pesticide by GC‐MS/MS (Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry) is a reliable method for the quantification and confirmation of multiclass pesticide residues in cabbage and cauliflower as case studies has well been included.
Writing an authoritative book that remains relevant over the coming years cannot easily be done by an individual, but rather requires the concerted effort of a team of expert scientists. This book is a concerted task of an assemblage of scholars working in different parts of India and the world along with all the six editors. All editors thankfully acknowledge their contributions. All editors also gratefully acknowledge the team at John Wiley & Sons Limited which made possible the proposed book in its present form.
Editors
Prabhat Kumar Srivastava
Vijay Pratap Singh
Anita Singh
Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
Samiksha Singh
Sheo Mohan Prasad
Devendra Kumar Chauhan