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INTRODUCTION <br> <br> PART I: Basic Principles and Applications of Photopolymerization Reactions <br> <br> PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION AND PHOTO-CROSS-LINKING LIGHT SOURCES <br> Electromagnetic Radiation <br> Characteristics of a Light Source <br> Conventional and Unconventional Light Sources <br> <br> EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES AND EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS <br> UV Curing Area: Coatings, Inks, Varnishes, Paints, and Adhesives <br> Conventional Printing Plates <br> Manufacture of Objects and Composites <br> Stereolithography <br> Applications in Microelectronics <br> Laser Direct Imaging<br> Computer-to-Plate Technology<br> Holography <br> Optics <br> Medical Applications <br> Fabrication of Nano-Objects through a Two-Photon Absorption Polymerization <br> Photopolymerization Using Near-Field Optical Techniques <br> Search for New Properties and New End Uses <br> Photopolymerization and Nanotechnology <br> Search for a Green Chemistry <br> <br> PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION REACTIONS <br> Encountered Reactions, Media, and Experimental Conditions <br> Typical Characteristics of Selected Photopolymerization Reactions <br> Two-Photon Absorption-Induced Polymerization <br> Remote Curing: Photopolymerization without Light <br> Photoactivated Hydrosilylation Reactions<br> <br> PHOTOSENSITIVE SYSTEMS <br> General Properties <br> Absorption of Light by a Molecule <br> Jablonski's Diagram <br> Kinetics of the Excited State Processes<br> Photoinitiator and Photosensitizer <br> Absorption of a Photosensitive System <br> Initiation Step of a Photoinduced Polymerization <br> Reactivity of a Photosensitive System <br> <br> APPROACH OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL REACTIVITY <br> Analysis of the Excited-State Processes <br> Quantum Mechanical Calculations <br> Cleavage Process <br> Hydrogen Transfer Processes <br> Energy Transfer <br> Reactivity of Radicals <br> <br> EFFICIENCY OF A PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION REACTION <br> Kinetic Laws <br> Monitoring the Photopolymerization Reaction <br> Efficiency versus Reactivity <br> Absorption of Light by a Pigment <br> Oxygen Inhibition <br> Absorption of Light Stabilizers <br> Role of the Environment <br> <br> PART II: Radical Photoinitiating Systems <br> <br> ONE-COMPONENT PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS <br> Benzoyl-Chromophore-Based Photoinitiators <br> Substituted Benzoyl-Chromophore-Based Photoinitiators <br> Hydroxy Alkyl Heterocyclic Ketones <br> Hydroxy Alkyl Conjugated Ketones <br> Benzophenone- and Thioxanthone-Moiety-Based Cleavable Systems <br> Benzoyl Phosphine Oxide Derivatives <br> Phosphine Oxide Derivatives <br> Trichloromethyl Triazines <br> Biradical-Generating Ketones <br> Peroxides <br> Diketones <br> Azides and Aromatic Bis-Azides <br> Azo Derivatives <br> Disulfide Derivatives <br> Disilane Derivatives <br> Diselenide and Diphenylditelluride Derivatives <br> Digermane and Distannane Derivatives <br> Carbon -<br> Germanium Cleavable-Bond-Based Derivatives <br> Carbon -<br> Silicon and Germanium 'Silicon Cleavable' Bond-Based Derivatives <br> Silicon Chemistry and Conventional Cleavable Photoinitiators <br> Sulfur -<br> Carbon Cleavable-Bond-Based Derivatives <br> Sulfur -<br> Silicon Cleavable-Bond-Based Derivatives <br> Peresters <br> Barton's Ester Derivatives <br> Hydroxamic and Thiohydroxamic Acids and Esters <br> Organoborates <br> Organometallic Compounds <br> Metal Salts and Metallic Salt Complexes <br> Metal-Releasing Compound <br> Cleavable Photoinitiators in Living Polymerization <br> Oxyamines <br> Cleavable Photoinitiators for Two-Photon Absorption <br> Nanoparticle-Formation-Mediated Cleavable Photoinitiators <br> Miscellaneous Systems <br> Tentatively Explored UV-Light-Cleavable Bonds <br> <br> TWO-COMPONENT PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS <br> Ketone-/Hydrogen-Donor-Based Systems <br> Dye-Based Systems <br> Other Type II Photoinitiating Systems <br> <br> MULTICOMPONENT PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS <br> Generally Encountered Mechanism<br> Other Mechanisms <br> Type II Photoinitiator/Silane: Search for New Properties <br> Miscellaneous Multicomponent Systems <br> <br> OTHER PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS<br> Photoinitiator-Free Systems or Self-Initiating Monomers <br> Semiconductor Nanoparticles <br> Self-Assembled Photoinitiator Monolayers <br> <br> PART III: Nonradical Photoinitiating Systems <br> <br> CATIONIC PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS <br> Diazonium Salts <br> Onium Salts <br> Organometallic Derivatives <br> Onium Salt/Photosensitizer Systems <br> Free-Radical-Promoted Cationic Photopolymerization <br> Miscellaneous Systems <br> Photosensitive Systems for Living Cationic Polymerization <br> Photosensitive Systems for Hybrid Cure <br> <br> ANIONIC PHOTOINITIATORS<br> Inorganic Complexes<br> Organometallic Complexes <br> Cyano Derivative/Amine System <br> Photosensitive Systems for Living Anionic Polymerization<br> <br> PHOTOACID GENERATORS (PAG) SYSTEMS <br> Iminosulfonates and Oximesulfonates <br> Naphthalimides <br> Photoacids and Chemical Amplification <br> <br> PHOTOBASE GENERATORS (PBG) SYSTEMS <br> Oxime Esters <br> Carbamates <br> Ammonium Tetraorganyl Borate Salts <br> N-Benzylated-Structure-Based Photobases <br> Other Miscellaneous Systems <br> Photobases and Base Proliferation Processes <br> <br> PART IV: Reactivity of the Photoinitiating System <br> <br> ROLE OF THE EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF A RADICAL PHOTOINITIATOR <br> Role of Viscosity <br> Role of the Surrounding Atmosphere <br> Role of the Light Intensity <br> <br> REACTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF RADICAL PHOTOINITIATORS <br> Relative Efficiency of Photoinitiators <br> Role of the Excited-State Reactivity <br> Role of the Medium on the Photoinitiator Reactivity <br> Structure/Property Relationships in Photoinitiating Systems <br> <br> REACTIVITY OF RADICALS TOWARD OXYGEN, HYDROGEN DONORS, MONOMERS, AND ADDITIVES: UNDERSTANDING AND DISCUSSION <br> Alkyl and Related Carbon-Centered Radicals <br> Aryl Radicals <br> Benzoyl Radicals <br> Acrylate and Methacrylate Radicals <br> Aminoalkyl Radicals <br> Phosphorus-Centered Radicals <br> Thiyl Radicals <br> Sulfonyl and Sulfonyloxy Radicals <br> Silyl Radicals <br> Oxyl Radicals<br> Peroxyl Radicals<br> Aminyl Radicals <br> Germyl and Stannyl Radicals <br> Boryl Radicals <br> Lophyl Radicals <br> Iminyl Radicals <br> Metal-Centered Radicals <br> Propagating Radicals <br> Radicals in Controlled Photopolymerization Reactions<br> Radicals in Hydrosilylation Reactions <br> <br> REACTIVITY OF RADICALS: TOWARDS THE OXIDATION PROCESS <br> Reactivity of Radicals toward Metal Salts <br> Radical/Onium Salt Reactivity in Free-Radical-Promoted Cationic Photopolymerization <br> <br> INDEX <br>

Jean-Pierre Fouassier was a Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Haute Alsace, Mulhouse until October 2011. He was Head of a University/CNRS Laboratory, a Member of the Organizing Committees of many International Conferences, a Director of the Ecole Nationale<br> Superieure de Chimie de Mulhouse and a Member of the French National University Council. His research interests focused both on the excited-state processes in photoinitiatiors and photosensitizers and their application to photopolymerization reactions in various areas. He has<br> published a total of around 600 research articles, book chapters, review papers, technical papers, proceedings, and patents, as well as authoring one book, one technical report and editing 6 books (14 volumes).<br> <br> Jacques Lalevee is a Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Haute Alsace, Mulhouse. His research interests are focused on free-radical chemistry and the design of efficient systems for photopolymerization processes. He has published a total of around 160 research<br> articles, technical papers, proceedings, patents, review papers, and book chapters. He is also a Member of the Institut Universitaire de France (Paris).

Photoinitiating systems for polymerization reactions are largely encountered in a variety of traditional and high-tech sectors, such as radiation curing, (laser) imaging, (micro)electronics, optics, and medicine. This book extensively covers radical and nonradical photoinitiating systems and is divided into four parts:<br /> <br /> <ul> <li>Basic principles in photopolymerization reactions</li> <li>Radical photoinitiating systems</li> <li>Nonradical photoinitiating systems</li> <li>Reactivity of the photoinitiating system</li> </ul> <br /> The four parts present the basic concepts of photopolymerization reactions, review all of the available photoinitiating systems and deliver a thorough description of the encountered mechanisms. A large amount of experimental and theoretical data has been collected herein. This book allows the reader to gain a clear understanding by providing a general discussion of the photochemistry and chemistry involved.<br /> The most recent and exciting developments, as well as the promising prospects for new applications, are outlined.

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