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<p><b>Source Acknowledgments ix</b></p> <p><b>Introduction to the Second Edition xiii</b></p> <p><b>Part I The Historical Background 1</b></p> <p><b>Introduction 3</b></p> <p>1 On Dialectic and “Technē” 9<br /> Plato</p> <p>2 On “Technē” and “Epistēmē” 19<br /> Aristotle</p> <p>3 The Greek Concepts of “Nature” and “Technique” 25<br /> Wolfgang Schadewaldt</p> <p>4 On the Idols, the Scientific Study of Nature, and the Reformation of Education 33<br /> Francis Bacon</p> <p>5 Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View 47<br /> Immanuel Kant</p> <p>6 The Nature and Importance of the Positive Philosophy 54<br /> Auguste Comte</p> <p>7 On the Sciences and Arts 68<br /> Jean-Jacques Rousseau</p> <p>8 Capitalism and the Modern Labor Process 74<br /> Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels</p> <p>Part II Philosophy, Modern Science, and Technology 89</p> <p>Positivist and Postpositivist Philosophies of Science 91</p> <p>9 The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle 101<br /> Rudolf Carnap, Hans Hahn, and Otto Neurath</p> <p>10 Paradigms and Anomalies in Science 111<br /> Thomas Kuhn</p> <p>11 Experimentation and Scientific Realism 121<br /> Ian Hacking</p> <p>12 Hermeneutical Philosophy and Pragmatism: A Philosophy of Science 131<br /> Patrick A. Heelan and Jay Schulkin</p> <p>13 What are Cultural Studies of Science? 147<br /> Joseph Rouse</p> <p>14 Revaluing Science: Starting from the Practices of Women 161<br /> Nancy Tuana</p> <p>15 Is Science Multicultural? 171<br /> Sandra Harding</p> <p>16 On Knowledge and the Diversity of Cultures: Comment on Harding 183<br /> Shigehisa Kuriyama</p> <p>The Task of a Philosophy of Technology 187</p> <p>17 Philosophical Inputs and Outputs of Technology 191<br /> Mario Bunge</p> <p>18 Analytic Philosophy of Technology 201<br /> Maarten Franssen</p> <p>19 On the Aims of a Philosophy of Technology 205<br /> Jacques Ellul</p> <p>20 Toward a Philosophy of Technology 210<br /> Hans Jonas</p> <p>21 The Technology Question in Feminism: A View from Feminist Technology Studies 224<br /> Wendy Faulkner</p> <p>Part III Defining Technology 239</p> <p>Introduction 241</p> <p>22 Conflicting Visions of Technology 249<br /> Mary Tiles and Hans Oberdiek</p> <p>23 The Mangle of Practice 260<br /> Andrew Pickering</p> <p>24 The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts 266<br /> Trevor J. Pinch and Wiebe E. Bijker</p> <p>25 Actor-Network Theory (ANT) 278<br /> Bruno Latour</p> <p>26 Actor-Network Theory: Critical Considerations 289<br /> Sergio Sismondo</p> <p>Part IV Heidegger on Technology 297</p> <p>Introduction 299</p> <p>27 The Question Concerning Technology 305<br /> Martin Heidegger</p> <p>28 On Philosophy’s “Ending” in Technoscience: Heidegger vs. Comte 318<br /> Robert C. Scharff</p> <p>29 Focal Things and Practices 329<br /> Albert Borgmann</p> <p>30 Heidegger and Borgmann on How to Affirm Technology 350<br /> Hubert L. Dreyfus and Charles Spinosa</p> <p>31 Philosophy of Technology at the Crossroads: Critique of Heidegger and Borgmann 362<br /> Andrew Feenberg</p> <p>Part V Technology and Human Ends 375</p> <p>Human Beings as “Makers” or “Tool-Users”? 377</p> <p>32 Tool Users vs. Homo Sapiens and the Megamachine 381<br /> Lewis Mumford</p> <p>33 The “Vita Activa” and the Modern Age 389<br /> Hannah Arendt</p> <p>34 Putting Pragmatism (especially Dewey’s) to Work 406<br /> Larry Hickman</p> <p>35 Buddhist Economics 421<br /> E. F. Schumacher</p> <p>Is Technology Autonomous? 426</p> <p>36 The “Autonomy” of the Technological Phenomenon 430<br /> Jacques Ellul</p> <p>37 Do Machines Make History? 442<br /> Robert L. Heilbroner</p> <p>38 The New Forms of Control 449<br /> Herbert Marcuse</p> <p>39 Technological Determinism Is Dead; Long Live Technological Determinism 456<br /> Sally Wyatt</p> <p>Technology, Ecology, and the Conquest of Nature 467</p> <p>40 Mining the Earth’s Womb 471<br /> Carolyn Merchant</p> <p>41 The Deep Ecology Movement 482<br /> Bill Devall</p> <p>42 Deeper than Deep Ecology: The Eco-Feminist Connection 491<br /> Ariel Salleh</p> <p>43 In Defense of Posthuman Dignity 495<br /> Nick Bostrom</p> <p>Part VI Technology as Social Practice 503</p> <p>Technology and the Lifeworld 505</p> <p>44 Cultural Climates and Technological Advance in the Middle Ages 511<br /> Lynn White, Jr.</p> <p>45 Three Ways of Being-With Technology 523<br /> Carl Mitcham</p> <p>46 A Phenomenology of Technics 539<br /> Don Ihde</p> <p>47 Postphenomenology of Technology 561<br /> Peter-Paul Verbeek</p> <p>48 Technoscience Studies after Heidegger? Not Yet 573<br /> Robert C. Scharff</p> <p>Technology and Cyberspace 582</p> <p>49 Consciousness in Human and Robot Minds 588<br /> Daniel C. Dennett</p> <p>50 Why Heideggerian AI Failed and How Fixing It Would Require Making It More Heideggerian 597<br /> Hubert L. Dreyfus</p> <p>51 A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century 610<br /> Donna Haraway</p> <p>52 A Moratorium on Cyborgs: Computation, Cognition, and Commerce 631<br /> Evan Selinger and Timothy Engström</p> <p>53 Anonymity versus Commitment: The Dangers of Education on the Internet 641<br /> Hubert L. Dreyfus</p> <p>Technology, Knowledge, and Power 648</p> <p>54 Panopticism 654<br /> Michel Foucault</p> <p>55 Do Artifacts Have Politics? 668<br /> Langdon Winner</p> <p>56 The Social Impact of Technological Change 680<br /> Emmanuel G. Mesthene</p> <p>57 Technology: The Opiate of the Intellectuals, with the Author’s 2000 Retrospective 693<br /> John McDermott</p> <p>58 Democratic Rationalization: Technology, Power, and Freedom 706<br /> Andrew Feenberg</p>

<p><b>Robert C. Scharff</b> is Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Hampshire. He is the author of <i>Comte After Positivism</i> (1995; 2002) and the former editor of <i>Continental Philosophy Review</i> (1995-2005). He publishes on 19th- and 20th-century Continental philosophy (especially Dilthey, Heidegger, and the hermeneutics of science), the history of positivism (especially Comte and Mill, and the connection between classical positivism and recent analytic philosophy), and the philosophy of technology. He is currently finishing a book manuscript, “How History Matters to Philosophy” and a collection of essays on Heidegger and technology, and editing a Blackwell Guidebook Series volume on Heidegger’s <i>Being and Time</i>.</p> <p><b>Val Dusek</b> is Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Hampshire. His research focuses on the history and philosophy of science and technology, with a particular interest in the social factors influencing scientific and technological development. He has written on non-mainstream philosophical influences (Asiatic, hermetic, romantic) on the history of electro-magnetic theory. His numerous publications include <i>Philosophy of Technology: An Introduction</i> (Wiley-Blackwell, 2006) and co-editorship of the first edition of this volume.</p>

<p>Unrivalled in scope and valuable editorial content, <i>Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition</i> remains the most comprehensive anthology of philosophy of technology available. The second edition includes new and updated material on recent developments in the field, along with updates to the editors’ insightful critical introductions to each topic. It combines seminal essays with an updated selection of contemporary material to reflect changes in the field and in the world since the appearance of the first edition.</p> <p>In addition to its analysis of the familiar political, social, cultural, and engineering contexts affecting the nature of technology, the volume includes a thorough examination of the influence exerted on technology by historical, metaphysical, and epistemological concerns. It moves from readings on traditional concepts of <i>techne</i>, natural knowledge, and human nature, to the latest assessments of inherited paradigms, rooted in Enlightenment thinking, concerning science, technology, and the philosophy of technology. A substantial portion of the anthology focuses on Heidegger’s writings on technology and their influence, and on a variety of questions animated by his work that interrogate technology’s connection to the current human condition, especially in the developed world. Further essays consider the proper place of technological practice in human life, the apparent autonomy of technological forces, the idea of technology as a social practice and as a medium of political power, and technology’s role as a model for contemporary conceptions of intelligence and information.</p>

<p>“The second edition of <i>Philosophy of Technology</i> is a <i>must-read</i> for everyone trying to sort out how societies, technologies, politics, and nature come together, tacitly or not, in the constitution of human knowledge.”</p> <p>— Jan Kyrre Berg Friis, University of Copenhagen</p> <p> </p> <p>“This is an excellent selection of primary sources, essential to understanding technology and the conceptual debates about it. The editors are to be congratulated for their sensible choices and judicious introductions.”</p> <p>—Luciano Floridi, University of Oxford</p>

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